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Pinus Maestrensis
''Pinus maestrensis'', commonly known as the Sierra Maestra pine, or ''Pinus'' × ''maestrensis'', is a hybrid conifer in the family Pinaceae. It is endemic to Cuba, where it was described to be a hybrid of '' Pinus cubensis'' and another species of pine. Various Cuban botanists believe it is its own genetic species through evolution. DNA analysis tests were done which showed only some minor differences between the two taxa. This is proved to be not viable though, with hybridization as a main cause of the DNA differences, not evolution. The general conclusion is that ''Pinus maestrensis'' evolved much more recently through hybridization, while ''Pinus cubensis'' has been around for much longer as its own species. The known hybrid individuals reside in isolated stands on the Sierra Maestra, a mountain range in southern Cuba. Parts of the upper canopy on the Sierra Maestra are actually dominated by the hybrid pine species. It currently has a nothospecies classification. Johannes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Bisse
Johannes Bisse (1935–1984) was a Cuban botanist, born in Germany in 1935 and arrived in Cuba in 1966. He received his doctorate from the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena. He was the founder and first director of the Cuban National Botanic Garden in Havana. He died in an automobile accident near the garden, shortly after its inauguration. The ''Encuentro de Botánica "Johannes Bisse in Memoriam"'', a botanical academic conference An academic conference or scientific conference (also congress, symposium, workshop, or meeting) is an event for researchers (not necessarily academics) to present and discuss their scholarly work. Together with academic or scientific journal ..., is held every two years in Camagüey, Cuba in honor of his contributions on the field. Bibliography * References External links Photo Cuban botanists 20th-century German botanists 1935 births 1984 deaths Botanists with author abbreviations University of Jena alumni {{Cuba-s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxon
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and given a particular ranking, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. It is very common, however, for taxonomists to remain at odds over what belongs to a taxon and the criteria used for inclusion. If a taxon is given a formal scientific name, its use is then governed by one of the nomenclature codes specifying which scientific name is correct for a particular grouping. Initial attempts at classifying and ordering organisms (plants and animals) were set forth in Carl Linnaeus's Linnaean taxonomy, system in ''Systema Naturae'', 10th edition (1758), as well as an unpublished work by Bernard de Jussieu, Bernard and Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. The idea of a unit-based system of biological classification was first mad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinus
A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. The World Flora Online created by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden accepts 187 species names of pines as current, together with more synonyms. The American Conifer Society (ACS) and the Royal Horticultural Society accept 121 species. Pines are commonly found in the Northern Hemisphere. ''Pine'' may also refer to the lumber derived from pine trees; it is one of the more extensively used types of lumber. The pine family is the largest conifer family and there are currently 818 named cultivars (or trinomials) recognized by the ACS. Description Pine trees are evergreen, coniferous resinous trees (or, rarely, shrubs) growing tall, with the majority of species reaching tall. The smallest are Siberian dwarf pine and Potosi pinyon, and the tallest is an tall ponderosa pine located in southern Oregon's Rogue Riv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Binomial Nomenclature
In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called a binomial name (which may be shortened to just "binomial"), a binomen, name or a scientific name; more informally it is also historically called a Latin name. The first part of the name – the '' generic name'' – identifies the genus to which the species belongs, whereas the second part – the specific name or specific epithet – distinguishes the species within the genus. For example, modern humans belong to the genus ''Homo'' and within this genus to the species ''Homo sapiens''. ''Tyrannosaurus rex'' is likely the most widely known binomial. The ''formal'' introduction of this system of naming species is credit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nothospecies
#REDIRECT Hybrid name In botanical nomenclature, a hybrid may be given a hybrid name, which is a special kind of botanical name, but there is no requirement that a hybrid name should be created for plants that are believed to be of hybrid origin. The '' International C ... Nothospecies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canopy (biology)
In biology, the canopy is the aboveground portion of a plant cropping or crop, formed by the collection of individual plant crowns. In forest ecology, canopy also refers to the upper layer or habitat zone, formed by mature tree crowns and including other biological organisms ( epiphytes, lianas, arboreal animals, etc.). The communities that inhabit the canopy layer are thought to be involved in maintaining forest diversity, resilience, and functioning. Sometimes the term canopy is used to refer to the extent of the outer layer of leaves of an individual tree or group of trees. Shade trees normally have a dense canopy that blocks light from lower growing plants. Observation Early observations of canopies were made from the ground using binoculars or by examining fallen material. Researchers would sometimes erroneously rely on extrapolation by using more reachable samples taken from the understory. In some cases, they would use unconventional methods such as chairs susp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sierra Maestra
The Sierra Maestra is a mountain range that runs westward across the south of the old Oriente Province in southeast Cuba, rising abruptly from the coast. The range falls mainly within the Santiago de Cuba and in Granma Provinces. Some view it as a series of connecting ranges (Vela, Santa Catalina, Quemado Grande, Daña Mariana), which join with others to the west. At 1,974 m (6,476 ft), Pico Turquino is the range's – and the country's – highest point. The area is rich in minerals, especially copper, manganese, chromium, and iron. History The Sierra Maestra has a long history of guerrilla warfare, starting with the resistance of the Taínos under Guamá (died 1532), the Cimarrón Neo-Taíno nations escaped slave cultures, the Ten Years' War (1868–1878) and the Cuban War of Independence (1895–1898), and various minor conflicts such as the Race War of 1912, and the uprisings of Antonio Guiteras (died 1935) against Gerardo Machado (President of Cuba f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hybridization In Pines
Both naturally and artificially occurring pine species ''Pine, (Pinus)'' can Hybrid (biology), hybridize, combining their genetic material and sometimes creating hybrids that can be more or less Heterosis, vigorous than their parent species. An example of a naturally occurring hybrid pine is ''Pinus × sondereggeri,'' a naturally occurring cross between loblolly pine (''P. taeda'') and longleaf pine (''P. palustris''). An example of the many artificial hybrids is ''Pinus lambertiana'' × ''Pinus armandii, P. armandii.'' Subgenus ''Pinus'' Includes both natural and artificial pine hybrids. Subsection ''Pinus'' *''Pinus nigra'' × ''P. resinosa'' – Pinus nigra, Austrian pine × Pinus resinosa, red pine *''Pinus densiflora'' × ''P. nigra'' ''–'' Pinus densiflora, Japanese Red pine × Austrian pine *''Pinus'' × ''densithunbergii'', ''Pinus densiflora'' × ''P. thunbergii'' ''–'' Japanese Red pine × Pinus thunbergii, Japanese black pine *''Pinus'' × ''neilreichiana, Pinu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genetic Testing
Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medical setting, genetic testing can be used to diagnose or rule out suspected genetic disorders, predict risks for specific conditions, or gain information that can be used to customize medical treatments based on an individual's genetic makeup. Genetic testing can also be used to determine biological relatives, such as a child's biological parentage (genetic mother and father) through DNA paternity testing, or be used to broadly predict an individual's ancestry. Genetic testing of plants and animals can be used for similar reasons as in humans (e.g. to assess relatedness/ancestry or predict/diagnose genetic disorders), to gain information used for selective breeding, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hybrid (biology)
In biology, a hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different breeds, varieties, species or genera through sexual reproduction. Hybrids are not always intermediates between their parents (such as in blending inheritance), but can show hybrid vigor, sometimes growing larger or taller than either parent. The concept of a hybrid is interpreted differently in animal and plant breeding, where there is interest in the individual parentage. In genetics, attention is focused on the numbers of chromosomes. In taxonomy, a key question is how closely related the parent species are. Species are reproductively isolated by strong barriers to hybridisation, which include genetic and morphological differences, differing times of fertility, mating behaviors and cues, and physiological rejection of sperm cells or the developing embryo. Some act before fertilization and others after it. Similar barriers exist in plants, with differences in flowering tim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction. Variation tends to exist within any given population as a result of genetic mutation and recombination. Evolution occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection (including sexual selection) and genetic drift act on this variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more common or more rare within a population. The evolutionary pressures that determine whether a characteristic is common or rare within a population constantly change, resulting in a change in heritable characteristics arising over successive generations. It is this process of evolution that has given rise to biodiversity at every level of biological organisation, including the levels of species, individual organisms, and molecules. The theory of evolution by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinus Cubensis
''Pinus cubensis'', or Cuban pine, is a pine endemic to the eastern highlands of the island of Cuba, inhabiting both Sierra Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa, Nipe-Sierra Cristal National Park, Cristal and Sierra Maestra. The closely related Hispaniolan pine (''P. occidentalis''), native to the neighboring island of Hispaniola, is treated as synonym (taxonomy), synonymous by some botanists. Modern systematic studies recognize ''P. cubensis'' it as a valid species,Farjon, A. 1997: ''Pinus (Pinaceae)'', Flora Neotropica, Monograph 75 (together with Brian T. Styles). New York : The New York Botanical Garden. nevertheless, there is disagreement about whether the Sierra Maestra populations in the south are part of ''P. cubensis'' or conform another species named ''P. maestrensis''.López-Almirall A. 1982. Variabilidad del Género ''Pinus'' (Coniferales: Pinaceae) en Cuba. ''Acta Botánica Cubana'' 12: 1–32. The Sierra Nipe-Cristal and Sierra Maestra population may have diverged rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
