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Pilu Oil
Pilu oil is an extract from seeds of the Pilu tree (''Salvadora persica''), also known as the toothbrush tree. It is used for soaps, detergents, and resist dyeing. Characteristics The oil comes from the seed and kernel. The percentage of the oil in seeds is 32-34%. The seed contains a brittle shell on the outer surface, and the kernel accounts for 60% in dried seed, containing 40-43% oil. ‘Sweet Variety’ of Pilu yields 35-44% oil which has a strong odour. The odour is due to the presence of Benzyl isothiocyanate in the oil. There is greenish yellow fat called Khakan fat. The purified fat is free from foul odour and has an agreeable taste. It is snow white. The oil is rich in lauric and myristic acids. It has a high melting point and a disagreeable odour that disappears on purification. The most important aspect of the oil is the presence of a low percentage of C8 and C10 fatty acids that are of great economic significance. The oil is an alternative source of oil for soa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grey Hypocolius In Kutch Seen In Salvadora Persica Habitat
Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed of black and white. It is the color of a cloud-covered sky, of wood ash, ash and of lead. The first recorded use of ''grey'' as a color name in the English language was in 700 Common Era, CE.Maerz and Paul ''A Dictionary of Color'' New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 196 ''Grey'' is the dominant spelling in English language in Europe, European and Commonwealth English, while ''gray'' has been the preferred spelling in American English; both spellings are valid in both varieties of English. In Europe and North America, surveys show that grey is the color most commonly associated with Neutrality (philosophy), neutrality, conformity, boredom, uncertainty, old age, apathy, indifference, and modesty. Only one percent of respondents chose it a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capric Acid
Capric acid, also known as decanoic acid or decylic acid, is a saturated fatty acid, medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA), and carboxylic acid. Its formula is CH3(CH2)8COOH. Salts and esters of decanoic acid are called caprates or decanoates. The term capric acid is derived from the Latin "''caper / capra''" (goat) because the sweaty, unpleasant smell of the compound is reminiscent of goats. Occurrence Capric acid occurs naturally in coconut oil (about 10%) and palm kernel oil (about 4%), otherwise it is uncommon in typical seed oils.David J. Anneken, Sabine Both, Ralf Christoph, Georg Fieg, Udo Steinberner, Alfred Westfechtel "Fatty Acids" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. It is found in the milk of various mammals and to a lesser extent in other animal fats. Two other acids are named after goats: caproic acid (a C6:0 fatty acid) and caprylic acid (a C8:0 fatty acid). Along with capric acid, these total 15% in goat milk fat. Producti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvadora (plant)
Salvadora is a genus of flowering plants in the family Salvadoraceae. Species include: *'' Salvadora alii'' *'' Salvadora angustifolia''De Craene, L. R. and Wanntorp, L. (2009)Floral development and anatomy of Salvadoraceae.''Annals of Botany'' 104(5), 913-923. *'' Salvadora australis'' *''Salvadora oleoides'' *''Salvadora persica ''Salvadora persica'' or the toothbrush tree is a small evergreen tree native to India, the Middle East and Africa. Its sticks are traditionally used as a natural toothbrush called ''miswak'' and are mentioned by the World Health Organization f ...'' References SourcesThe Establishment of a New Genus of Plants, Called ''Salvadora'', with Its Description.By L. Garcin of Neufchatel in Switzerland; Communicated in a Letter to Dr. Mortimer Secr. R. S Garcin, L. ''Philosophical Transactions.. (1683-1775). 1753-01-01. 46:47–53 {{DEFAULTSORT:Salvadora (plant) Salvadoraceae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvadora Oleoides
''Salvadora oleoides'' is a small bushy evergreen tree found in India and Pakistan and southern Iran. The root and stem possess various antimicrobial agents and is traditionally used as toothbrush in Pakistan and India Habitat The vann is commonly found in and around Sandal Bar, and is reserved for use as grazing sources for local peasant villages. In addition, a number of trees have been preserved to provide shade for cattle. Wood The vann is mostly non-woody and the small amount of wood that it has is soft, light, and not particularly useful for any of wood's normal uses, notably building and heat. When burnt, it leaves a large quantity of ash, which can then be boiled down into a substance for treating mange in camels. In literature Jal-tree In the ''janamsakhis'' of Guru Nanak, he was found laying under a jal-tree whose shadow remained stationary to protect him from the sun. Macauliffe identifies this tree as ''Salvadora oleoides''. See also * "Pilis a Proto Dravid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linoleic Acid
Linoleic acid (LA) is an organic compound with the formula COOH(CH2)7CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)4CH3. Both alkene groups are cis-trans isomerism, ''cis''. It is a fatty acid sometimes denoted 18:2 (n-6) or 18:2 ''cis''-9,12. A linoleate is a salt (chemistry), salt or ester of this acid. Linoleic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid. It is a colorless liquid that is virtually insoluble in water but soluble in many organic solvents. It typically occurs in nature as a triglyceride (ester of glycerol, glycerin) rather than as a free fatty acid. It is one of two essential fatty acids for humans, who must obtain it through their diet, and the most essential, because the body uses it as a base to make the others. The word "linoleic" derives from the Latin ''linum'' "flax" + ''oleum'' "oil", reflecting the fact that it was first isolated from linseed oil. History In 1844, F. Sacc, working at the laboratory of Justus von Liebig, isolated linoleic acid from l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oleic Acid
Oleic acid is a fatty acid that occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is an odorless, colorless oil, although commercial samples may be yellowish. In chemical terms, oleic acid is classified as a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid, abbreviated with a lipid number of 18:1 ''cis''-9, and a main product of Δ9 desaturase. It has the formula CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH. The name derives from the Latin word ''oleum'', which means oil. It is the most common fatty acid in nature. The salts and esters of oleic acid are called oleates. Occurrence Fatty acids (or their salts) often do not occur as such in biological systems. Instead fatty acids such as oleic acid occur as their esters, commonly triglycerides, which are the greasy materials in many natural oils. Oleic acid is the most common monounsaturated fatty acid in nature. It is found in fats (triglycerides), the phospholipids that make membranes, cholesterol esters, and wax esters. Triglycerides of oleic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palmitic Acid
Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature) is a fatty acid with a 16-carbon chain. It is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms.Gunstone, F. D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra. The Lipid Handbook, 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2007. , Its chemical formula is CH3(CH2)14COOH, and its C:D (the total number of carbon atoms to the number of carbon-carbon double-bonds) is 16:0. It is a major component of the oil from the fruit of oil palms ( palm oil), making up to 44% of total fats. Meats, cheeses, butter, and other dairy products also contain palmitic acid, amounting to 50–60% of total fats. Palmitates are the salts and esters of palmitic acid. The palmitate anion is the observed form of palmitic acid at physiologic pH (7.4). Occurrence and production Palmitic acid was discovered by Edmond Frémy in 1840, in saponified palm oil. This remains the primary industrial route for its production, with the triglycerides (fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myristic Acid
Myristic acid (IUPAC name: tetradecanoic acid) is a common saturated fatty acid with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)12COOH. Its salts and esters are commonly referred to as myristates or tetradecanoates. It is named after the binomial name for nutmeg (''Myristica fragrans''), from which it was first isolated in 1841 by Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair, Lyon Playfair. Occurrence Nutmeg#Nutmeg butter, Nutmeg butter has 75% trimyristin, the triglyceride of myristic acid. Besides nutmeg, myristic acid is found in palm kernel oil, coconut oil, butterfat, 8–14% of bovine milk, and 8.6% of breast milk as well as being a minor component of many other animal fats. It is found in spermaceti, the crystallized fraction of oil from the sperm whale. It is also found in the rhizomes of the Iris (plant), Iris, including Orris root. Chemical behaviour Myristic acid acts as a Lipid-anchored protein, lipid anchor in biomembranes. Reduction (chemistry), Reduction of myristic acid yields myristy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lauric Acid
Lauric acid, systematically dodecanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain, thus having many properties of medium-chain fatty acids. It is a bright white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil or soap. The salts and esters of lauric acid are known as laurates. Occurrence Lauric acid, as a component of triglycerides, comprises about half of the fatty-acid content in coconut milk, coconut oil, laurel oil, and palm kernel oil (not to be confused with palm oil),David J. Anneken, Sabine Both, Ralf Christoph, Georg Fieg, Udo Steinberner, Alfred Westfechtel "Fatty Acids" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Otherwise, it is relatively uncommon. It is also found in human breast milk (6.2% of total fat), cow's milk (2.9%), and goat's milk (3.1%). In various plants *The palm tree ''Attalea speciosa'', a species popularly known in Brazil as ''babassu'' – 50% in ''babassu'' oil *''Attalea cohune'', the cohune palm (al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Agroforestry Centre
World Agroforestry (a brand name used by the International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, ICRAF) is an international institute headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya, and founded in 1978 as "International Council for Research in Agroforestry". The centre specializes in the sustainable management, protection and regulation of tropical rainforest and natural reserves. It is one of 15 agricultural research centres which makes up the global network known as the CGIAR. Description The centre conducts research in agroforestry, in partnership with national agricultural research systems with a view to developing more sustainable and productive land use. The focus of its research is countries/regions in the developing world, particular in the tropics of Central and South America, Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Africa, Eastern Africa and parts of central Africa. In 2002, the centre acquired the World Agroforestry Centre brand name, although International Centre for Research in Agrofo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvadoraceae Spp EP-IV2-010
Salvadoraceae is a family in the plant order Brassicales,, p. 10 consisting of three genera with a total of 11 known species. They occur in Africa (including Madagascar), Southeast Asia, and on Java, suggesting they are probably found in much of Malesia. They are often found in hot, dry areas. Salvadoraceae was previously placed in order Celastrales, but is now placed Brassicales. Genera * '' Azima'' * '' Dobera'' * '' Salvadora'' (toothbrush tree) See also * Pilu oil Pilu oil is an extract from seeds of the Pilu tree (''Salvadora persica''), also known as the toothbrush tree. It is used for soaps, detergents, and resist dyeing. Characteristics The oil comes from the seed and kernel. The percentage of the ... References Brassicales families {{Brassicales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myristic Acids
Myristic acid (IUPAC name: tetradecanoic acid) is a common saturated fatty acid with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)12COOH. Its salts and esters are commonly referred to as myristates or tetradecanoates. It is named after the binomial name for nutmeg (''Myristica fragrans''), from which it was first isolated in 1841 by Lyon Playfair. Occurrence Nutmeg butter has 75% trimyristin, the triglyceride of myristic acid. Besides nutmeg, myristic acid is found in palm kernel oil, coconut oil, butterfat, 8–14% of bovine milk, and 8.6% of breast milk as well as being a minor component of many other animal fats. It is found in spermaceti, the crystallized fraction of oil from the sperm whale. It is also found in the rhizomes of the Iris, including Orris root. Chemical behaviour Myristic acid acts as a lipid anchor in biomembranes. Reduction of myristic acid yields myristyl aldehyde and myristyl alcohol. Health effects Myristic acid consumption raises low-density lipoprotein Low- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
