Phytalmia Mouldsi

	Phytalmia Mouldsi ''Phytalmia mouldsi'' is in the subfamily Phytalmiinae which includes all of the antlered fruit flies. They were discovered by M. S. Moulds in 1977 and are found only in an isolated rainforest of Australia. Antlered flies, collectively, are notable for their unique mating behavior and the unusual antler-like extensions on the heads of the males.Dodson, Gary N. 2000. Behavior of the Phytalmiinae and the evolution of antlers in tephritid flies. In: Aluja, Martin, Allen L. Norrbom, d. Fruit Flies (Tephritidae). New York: CRC Press, 2000. pp. 175-184. Description This species exhibits sexual dimorphism where the females and males look different from one another. The males have red, paddle-shaped, antler-like protrusions on their cheek region that will bend under pressure. The females have no antlers. The males are generally larger than the females and have longer back legs than females.Schutze, Mark K., Yeates, David K., Graham, Glenn C., and Dodson, Gary. 2007. Phylogenetic relatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Phytalmiinae The Phytalmiinae are a subfamily of tephritid fruit flies. Systematics The Phytalmiinae are grouped into four tribes: * Acanthonevrini: 281 species in the following 76 genera: ::'' Acanthonevra'', '' Acanthonevroides'', '' Aethiothemara'', '' Afrocneros'', ''Alloeomyia'', '' Anchiacanthonevra'', '' Antisophira'', '' Aridonevra'', '' Austronevra'', ''Austrorioxa'', ''Buloloa'', ''Chaetomerella'', '' Cheesmanomyia'', ''Cleitamiphanes'', ''Clusiosoma'' (subgenera ''Clusiosoma'' and '' Paraclusiosoma''), ''Clusiosomina'', ''Copiolepis'', ''Cribrorioxa'', ''Dacopsis ''Dacopsis'' is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae The Tephritidae are one of two fly families referred to as fruit flies, the other family being the Drosophilidae. The family Tephritidae does not include the bio ...'', '' Diarrhegma'', '' Dirioxa'', '' Ectopomyia'', '' Emheringia'', '' Enicopterina'', '' Enoplopteron'', '' Exallosophira'', '' Felderimyia'', '' Freyomyia'', '' Gressit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Antler Antlers are extensions of an animal's skull found in members of the Cervidae (deer) family. Antlers are a single structure composed of bone, cartilage, fibrous tissue, skin, nerves, and blood vessels. They are generally found only on males, with the exception of reindeer/caribou. Antlers are shed and regrown each year and function primarily as objects of sexual attraction and as weapons. In contrast to antlers, horns—found on pronghorns and bovids, such as sheep, goats, bison and cattle—are two-part structures that usually do not shed. A horn's interior of bone is covered by an exterior sheath made of keratin (the same material as human fingernails and toenails). Etymology Antler comes from the Old French ''antoillier '' (see present French : "Andouiller", from'' ant-, ''meaning before,'' oeil, ''meaning eye and'' -ier'', a suffix indicating an action or state of being) possibly from some form of an unattested Latin word ''anteocularis'', "before the eye" (and appl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Sexual Dimorphism Sexual dimorphism is the condition where the sexes of the same animal and/or plant species exhibit different morphological characteristics, particularly characteristics not directly involved in reproduction. The condition occurs in most animals and some plants. Differences may include secondary sex characteristics, size, weight, colour, markings, or behavioural or cognitive traits. These differences may be subtle or exaggerated and may be subjected to sexual selection and natural selection. The opposite of dimorphism is ''monomorphism'', which is when both biological sexes are phenotypically indistinguishable from each other. Overview Ornamentation and coloration Common and easily identified types of dimorphism consist of ornamentation and coloration, though not always apparent. A difference in coloration of sexes within a given species is called sexual dichromatism, which is commonly seen in many species of birds and reptiles. Sexual selection leads to the exaggerated dim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Sexual Selection Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection in which members of one biological sex mate choice, choose mates of the other sex to mating, mate with (intersexual selection), and compete with members of the same sex for access to members of the opposite sex (intrasexual selection). These two forms of selection mean that some individuals have greater reproductive success than others within a population, for example because they are more Animal sexual behaviour, attractive or prefer more attractive partners to produce offspring. Successful males benefit from frequent mating and monopolizing access to one or more fertile females. Females can maximise the return on the energy they invest in reproduction by selecting and mating with the best males. The concept was first articulated by Charles Darwin who wrote of a "second agency" other than natural selection, in which competition between mate candidates could lead to speciation. The theory was given a mathematical basis by Ronald F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Diptera Of Australasia Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advanced mechanosensory organs known as halteres, which act as high-speed sensors of rotational movement and allow dipterans to perform advanced aerobatics. Diptera is a large order containing an estimated 1,000,000 species including horse-flies, crane flies, hoverflies and others, although only about 125,000 species have been described. Flies have a mobile head, with a pair of large compound eyes, and mouthparts designed for piercing and sucking (mosquitoes, black flies and robber flies), or for lapping and sucking in the other groups. Their wing arrangement gives them great maneuverability in flight, and claws and pads on their feet enable them to cling to smooth surfaces. Flies undergo complete metamorphosis; the eggs are often laid on the larv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]