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Photographic Processes
A list of photographic processing techniques. Color *Agfacolor ** Ap-41 process (pre-1978 Agfa color slides; 1978-1983 was a transition period when Agfa slowly changed their color slide films from AP-41 to E6) *Anthotype *Autochrome Lumière, 1903 * Carbon print, 1862 *Chromogenic positive (Ektachrome) **E-3 process **E-4 process **E-6 process *Chromogenic negative **C-41 process **RA-4 process *Dufaycolor *Dye destruction ** Cibachrome **Ilfochrome *Dye-transfer process * Finlaycolor *Heliochrome *Kinemacolor *Kodachrome ** K-12 process **K-14 process * Lippmann plate, 1891 * One-light Black and white (monochrome) A * Abration tone * Acetate film * Albertype *Albumen print, 1850 * Algraphy *Ambrotype * Amphitype * Amylotype * Anaglyph *Anthotype * Anthrakotype * Archertype * Argentotype *Argyrotype * Aristo paper * Aristotype *Aristo * Artotype * Atrephograph * Atrograph * Aurotype * Autotype (photographic process) B * Barrieotype *Baryta coated paper * Bayard process * Bichr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photographic Processing
Photographic processing or photographic development is the chemical means by which photographic film or paper is treated after photographic exposure to produce a negative or positive image. Photographic processing transforms the latent image into a visible image, makes this permanent and renders it insensitive to light.Karlheinz Keller et al. "Photography" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. All processes based upon the gelatin silver process are similar, regardless of the film or paper's manufacturer. Exceptional variations include instant films such as those made by Polaroid and thermally developed films. Kodachrome required Kodak's proprietary K-14 process. Kodachrome film production ceased in 2009, and K-14 processing is no longer available as of December 30, 2010. Ilfochrome materials use the dye destruction process. Deliberately using the wrong process for a film is known as cross processing. Common processes All photographic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dye-transfer Process
Dye transfer is a continuous-tone color photographic printing process. It was used to print Technicolor films, as well as to produce paper colour prints used in advertising, or large transparencies for display. History The use of dye imbibition for making full-color prints from a set of black-and-white photographs taken through different color filters was first proposed and patented by Charles Cros in 1880.Pénichon, Sylvie (2013). "Twentieth-Century Color Photographs: Identification and Care". The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles. pp. 127-131. It was commercialized by Edward Sanger-Shepherd, who in 1900 was marketing kits for making color prints on paper and slides for projection. Imbibition printing was initially in monochrome. The basic underlying principle is that bichromate development of a silver gelatine photographic emulsion (not strictly a real chemical emulsion) results in the gelatine being differentially tanned or hardened in proportion to the exposure recei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albumen Print
The albumen print, also called albumen silver print, was published in January 1847 by Louis Désiré Blanquart-Evrard, and was the first commercially exploitable method of producing a photographic print on a paper base from a negative. It used the albumen found in egg whites to bind the photographic chemicals to the paper and became the dominant form of photographic positives from 1855 to the start of the 20th century, with a peak in the 1860–90 period. During the mid-19th century, the carte de visite became one of the more popular uses of the albumen method. In the 19th century, E. & H. T. Anthony & Company were the largest makers and distributors of albumen photographic prints and paper in the United States.Welling, William. Photography in America (1978 & 1987) Creation process # A piece of paper, usually 100% cotton, is coated with an emulsion of egg white (albumen) and salt (sodium chloride or ammonium chloride), then dried. The albumen seals the paper and creates ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albertype
An Albertype is a picture printed from a type of gelatine-coated plate produced by means of a photographic negative. The process was invented by Josef Albert, a German photographer who owned and directed a studio and photo lab in Augsburg, Germany. The technique is similar to collotype, but substitutes the gel plate for the lithographic stone used in collotype. Heliotype, invented in 1871 by Edwards, is another similar process. Albert's innovation was to replace the copper or stone with glass, construct a mechanical press, and cover it with another gel layer, silicate mixed with gelatin, in order to produce about two thousand prints from each plate using etching presses and hand rollers. This new process was presented at the 1868 Photographic Exhibition in Hamburg and “albertype,” was the name given by Joseph Albert.The Historical Society of Pennsylvani"Albertype Company This technique was adopted by publishers creating thousands of postcards and viewbooks. In 1890 Adolp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acetate Film
Cellulose acetate film, or safety film, is used in photography as a base material for photographic emulsions. It was introduced in the early 20th century by film manufacturers and intended as a safe film base replacement for unstable and highly flammable nitrate film. Cellulose diacetate film was first created by the German chemists Arthur Eichengrün and Theodore Becker, who patented it under the name Cellit, from a process they devised in 1901 for the direct acetylation of cellulose at a low temperature to prevent its degradation, which permitted the degree of acetylation to be controlled, thereby avoiding total conversion to its triacetate. Cellit was a stable, non-brittle cellulose acetate polymer that could be dissolved in acetone for further processing. A cellulose diacetate film more readily dissolved in acetone was developed by the American chemist George Miles in 1904. Miles's process (partially hydrolysing the polymer) was employed commercially for photographic film in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
One-light
A one-light is a timed workprint A workprint is a rough version of a motion picture, used by the film editor(s) during the editing process. Such copies generally contain original recorded sound that will later be re-dubbed, stock footage as placeholders for missing shots or speci ... made using a ''single'' setting of the three lights (red, green and blue) used to make a color film print. Since a fully timed print requires the presence of a skilled person called a color timer (US) or film grader' (UK), a one-light print is more economical for printing dailies (positive) from rushes (negative). Cinematographers often require one-light workprints to better judge their film exposures. Cinematography Photographic techniques {{filmmaking-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lippmann Plate
Gabriel Lippmann conceived a two-step method to record and reproduce colours, variously known as direct photochromes, interference photochromes, Lippmann photochromes, Photography in natural colours by direct exposure in the camera or the Lippmann process of colour photography. Lippmann won the Nobel Prize in Physics for this work in 1908. A Lippmann plate is a clear glass plate (having no anti-halation backing), coated with an almost transparent (very low silver halide content) emulsion of extremely fine grains, typically 0.01 to 0.04 micrometres in diameter. Consequently, Lippmann plates have an extremely high resolving power exceeding 400 lines/mm. Method In Lippmann's method, a glass plate is coated with an ultra fine grain colour-sensitive film using the Albumen Process containing potassium bromide, then dried, sensitized in the silver bath, washed, irrigated with cyanine solution, and dried again. The back of the film is then brought into optical contact with a reflective ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
K-14 Process
K-14 was the most recent version of the developing process for Kodak's Kodachrome transparency film before its discontinuation (the last revision having been designated Process K-14M). It superseded previous versions of the Kodachrome process used with older films (such as K-12 for Kodachrome II and Kodachrome-X). The K-14 process differed significantly from its contemporary, the E-6 process, in both complexity and length. Kodachrome film has no integral color couplers; dyes are produced during processing (each color in a separate step) by the reaction of the color couplers with the oxidised developer. Due to declining sales, Kodak discontinued production of all K-14 chemistry in 2009, concurrently with Kodachrome 64 film. Dwayne's Photo, in Parsons, Kansas, operated the last K-14 line in the world, discontinued sales on December 30, 2010; the last roll was processed on January 18, 2011. Steps The layers in the film are, top-to-bottom: blue sensitive (yellow), yellow filter, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
K-12 Process
K-1 is a professional kickboxing promotion established in 1993, well known worldwide mainly for its heavyweight division fights and Grand Prix tournaments. In January 2012, K-1 Global Holdings Limited, a company registered in Hong Kong, acquired the rights to K-1, and is the current organizer of K-1 events worldwide. Founded in 1993 by karateka Kazuyoshi Ishii, at its height in the late 90s and the 2000s under the ownership of the Fighting and Entertainment Group (FEG), K-1 was the largest and most prestigious "Kickboxing" organization in the world. With thousands of fighters and watched by millions of fans around the world. K-1 also promoted mixed martial arts events, with some events having both kickboxing and MMA matches on their cards (such as their Dynamite!! series). However, since 2010 K-1 started to lose its status of top organization, as FEG started to have financial issues, not being able to organize big events or pay huge prize money, eventually going bankrupt, and su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kodachrome
Kodachrome is the brand name for a color reversal film introduced by Eastman Kodak in 1935. It was one of the first successful color materials and was used for both cinematography and still photography. For many years Kodachrome was widely used for professional color photography, especially for images intended for publication in print media. Because of its complex processing requirements, the film was initially exclusively sold process-paid in the United States: customers had to pay Kodak for the cost of development when they bought the film, and independent photography stores were prohibited from developing Kodachrome photos. To develop the film, customers had to mail film to Kodak, who mailed the developed photos back for no additional charge. In 1954, the U.S. Department of Justice found this practice to be an uncompetitive violation of antitrust law. Kodak entered into a consent decree requiring they offer Kodachrome film for sale with and without the development fee, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
