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Phoma Medicaginis
''Ascochyta medicaginicola'' (syn. ''Phoma medicaginis'') is a plant pathogen infecting alfalfa and ''Medicago truncatula''. One particular disease is spring black stem. See also *List of Ascochyta species, List of ''Ascochyta'' species References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Food plant pathogens and diseases Pleosporales Fungi described in 1886 Taxa named by Casimir Roumeguère {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungus
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascomycota
Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The defining feature of this fungal group is the " ascus" (), a microscopic sexual structure in which nonmotile spores, called ascospores, are formed. However, some species of the Ascomycota are asexual, meaning that they do not have a sexual cycle and thus do not form asci or ascospores. Familiar examples of sac fungi include morels, truffles, brewers' and bakers' yeast, dead man's fingers, and cup fungi. The fungal symbionts in the majority of lichens (loosely termed "ascolichens") such as ''Cladonia'' belong to the Ascomycota. Ascomycota is a monophyletic group (it contains all descendants of one common ancestor). Previously placed in the Deuteromycota along with asexual species from other fungal taxa, asexual (or anamorphic) ascomyce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dothideomycetes
Dothideomycetes is the largest and most diverse class of ascomycete fungi. It comprises 11 orders 90 families, 1300 genera and over 19,000 known species. Traditionally, most of its members were included in the loculoascomycetes, which is not part of the currently accepted classification. This indicates that several traditional morphological features in the class are not unique and DNA sequence comparisons are important to define the class. The designation loculoascomycetes was first proposed for all fungi which have ascolocular development. This type of development refers to the way in which the sexual structure, bearing the sexual spores (ascospores) forms. Dothideomycetes mostly produce flask-like structures referred to as pseudothecia, although other shape variations do exist (e.g. see structures found in Hysteriales). During ascolocular development pockets (locules) form first within the vegetative cells of the fungus and then all the subsequent structures form. These includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleosporomycetidae
Pleosporomycetidae is a subclass of Dothideomycetes consisting of four orders: Pleosporales, Hysteriales, Mytilinidiales, and Jahnulales. One of its defining features is the presence of pseudoparaphyses.Eriksson OE, 1981. The families of bitunicate ascomycetes. Opera Botanica 60, 1-220. These are sterile cells extending down from the upper portion of the cavity inside sexual structures containing the sac-like asci with sexually produced spores (ascospores). Pseudoparaphyses are initially attached at both their ends, but sometimes the upper part may become free. Some orders and families where these cells are present remain outside the subclass since DNA based phylogenies A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological spec ... cannot place them with confidence. However they could concei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleosporales
The Pleosporales is the largest order in the fungal class Dothideomycetes. By a 2008 estimate it contains 23 families, 332 genera and more than 4700 species. The majority of species are saprobes on decaying plant material in fresh water, marine, or terrestrial environments, but several species are also associated with living plants as parasites, epiphytes or endophytes. The best studied species cause plant diseases on important agricultural crops e.g. ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus'', causing southern corn leaf blight on maize, ''Phaeosphaeria nodorum'' (''Stagonospora nodorum'') causing glume blotch on wheat and ''Leptosphaeria maculans'' causing a stem canker (called blackleg) on cabbage crops (''Brassica''). Some species of Pleosporales occur on animal dung and a small number occur as lichens and rock-inhabiting fungi. Taxonomy The order was proposed in 1955 as Dothideomycetes with perithecioid ascomata with pseudoparaphyses amongst the asci, at which time there were sev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Didymellaceae
The Didymellaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. The have a world-wide distribution. Recent phylogenetic examination of some of the larger genera of the Pleosporales, particularly ''Phoma'', has led to considerable reorganisation of the order, many of the species being placed in this family. It was originally made with ''Atradidymella'', ''Boeremia'', ''Chaetopyrena'', ''Didymella'', ''Endophoma'', ''Leptosphaerulina'', ''Macroventuria'', ''Peyronellaea'', ''Phoma'', ''Platychora'' and ''Stagonosporopsis''. ''Atradidymella'' is now placed within Pleosporales order, and ''Endophoma'' (is unplaced). Taxonomy Genera as accepted by GBIF; * '' Allophoma'' (14) * '' Amerodothis'' (3) * ''Ascochyta'' (819) * '' Ascochytella'' (14) * '' Ascochytula'' (6) * '' Basiascella'' (1) * ''Boeremia'' (26) * '' Calophoma'' (19) * '' Cerebella'' (5) * '' Chaetasbolisia'' (7) * ''Chaetopyrena'' (6) * '' Chlamydosporium'' (1) * '' Deuterophoma'' (3) * ''Didymella'' (34 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascochyta
''Ascochyta'' is a genus of ascomycete fungi, containing several species that are pathogenic to plants, particularly cereal crops. The taxonomy of this genus is still incomplete. The genus was first described in 1830 by Marie-Anne Libert, who regarded the spores as minute asci and the cell contents as spherical spores. Numerous revisions to the members of the genus and its description were made for the next several years. Species that are plant pathogenic on cereals include, '' A. hordei'', '' A. graminea'', '' A. sorghi'', '' A. tritici''. Symptoms are usually elliptical spots that are initially chlorotic and later become a necrotic brown. Management includes fungicide applications and sanitation of diseased plant tissue debris. Some of these pathogens in the genus ''Ascochyta'' affect grass species, including grains. Some species of ''Ascochyta'' *'' Ascochyta asparagina'', Ascochyta blight *'' Ascochyta bohemica'' *'' Ascochyta boltshauseri'' *'' Ascochyta caricae'', S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandre François Malbranche
Alexandre François Malbranche (6 April 1818, Bernay, Eure – 16 May 1888, Rouen) was a French pharmacist, botanist and mycologist. He is known for his botanical and mycological studies associated with Normandy, He received his education in Rouen, where he subsequently spent his career as a pharmacist. He served as president of the ''Société des amis des sciences de Rouen'', and for several years was a member of the Société botanique de France (1879–1888). He was the author of treatises on lichens, fungi, teratology in plants, Darwinism and on the botanical genus ''Rubus''. As a taxonomist, he co-circumscribed a number of ''Rubus'' species. The mycological genus ''Malbranchea'' was named in his honor by Pier Andrea Saccardo (1882). Selected works * ''Catalogue des plantes cellulaires et vasculaires de la Seine-inférieure'', 1864 – Catalog of cellular and vascular plants of Seine-Inférieure. * ''Catalogue descriptif des lichens de la Normandie : classés d'après la mé ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casimir Roumeguère
Casimir Roumeguère (15 August 1828 in Toulouse – 29 February 1892 in Toulouse) was a French botanist and mycologist. He served as director of the journal ''Revue mycologique''. His collections of fungi are included in several exsiccatae, including "Fungi Gallici exsiccati", "Fungi exsiccati praecipue Gallici", and "Fungi selecti exsiccati". His collection of algae is part of the exsiccatae series: "Algues de France". In addition to his botanical and mycological research, he published a few works in the fields of geology, conchology and archaeology. Eponymy * ''Roumegueria'': name of fungus genus introduced by (Pier Andrea Saccardo) Paul Christoph Hennings (1908), all 3 species (in the former genus) are now synonyms for others. * '' Roumegueriella'': name of fungus genus (class Sordariomycetes), introduced by Carlos Luigi Spegazzini (1880). * ''Roumeguerites'': name of fungus genus introduced by Petter Adolf Karsten (1879), all 3 species (in the former genus) are now synonyms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spring Black Stem
Spring Black Stem is a common fungal, foliar disease caused by '' Ascochyta medicaginicola'' (syn. ''Phoma medicaginis''). Spring Black Stem is most commonly found in alfalfa, but also attacks certain clovers. The fungus survives in stubble from previous cuttings and spreads easily by rain splash, running water, and equipment. The disease is present in numerous alfalfa fields throughout the Northeast United States. Host and symptoms The fungal pathogen ''Phoma medicaginis'' attacks the host alfalfa. Numerous spots develop on the lower leaves, petioles, and stems. The disease produces small black spots on the leaves which eventually turn the leaf yellow, resulting in chlorosis and eventually cell death. Spots are usually worse on older leaves. Stem lesions are dark brown to black and may cut the stem all the way around its surface. Lesions on stems enlarge and may blacken large areas near the base of the plant. Affected stems are brittle and easily broken. When at its worst, en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Ascochyta Species
This is a list of the fungus species in the genus ''Ascochyta''. Many are plant pathogens. ''Ascochyta'' is an anamorph for many species placed in ''Didymella'' (the teleomorph) but both names refer to the same organism. there are 1,184 species included. There is also one subgenus: ''Ascochyta'' subgen. ''Ascochyta'' Lib..Pl. crypt. Arduenna, fasc. (Liège) 1(Praef.): 8 (1830) A * '' Ascochyta abelmoschi'' * '' Ascochyta abramovii'' * '' Ascochyta abroniae'' * '' Ascochyta abutilonicola'' * '' Ascochyta abutilonis'' * '' Ascochyta acericola'' * '' Ascochyta acerina'' * '' Ascochyta aceris'' * '' Ascochyta achlydis'' * '' Ascochyta achlyicola'' * '' Ascochyta aconitana'' * '' Ascochyta aconiti'' * '' Ascochyta acori'' * '' Ascochyta actaeae'' * '' Ascochyta actinidiae'' * '' Ascochyta aculeorum'' * '' Ascochyta adenocaulonis'' * '' Ascochyta adenophorae'' * '' Ascochyta adenostylis'' * '' Ascochyta adzamethica'' * '' Ascochyta aegilopis'' * '' Ascochy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungal Plant Pathogens And Diseases
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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