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Pholiota Alnicola
''Pholiota'' is a genus of small to medium-sized, fleshy mushrooms in the family Strophariaceae. They are saprobes that typically live on wood. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in temperate regions, and contains about 150 species. ''Pholiota'' is derived from the Greek word ''pholis'', meaning "scale". Taxonomic details The genus ''Pholiota'' includes mushrooms, with scaly, glutinous to dry cap surfaces, and that frequently grow on wood or at the bases of trees or on decaying tree roots, and spores that are brown, light brown, or yellowish brown in deposit. These spores are smooth with a germ pore, although the germ pore can be quite narrow in species. Usually the species have pleurocystidia that include a type called chrysocystidia. There have been several varying concepts of the genus, ranging from a pre-molecular era very broad concept that nowadays would include the genera ''Phaeolepiota'', '' Phaeonematoloma'', '' Flammula'', '' Meottomyces'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elias Magnus Fries
Elias Magnus Fries (15 August 1794 – 8 February 1878) was a Swedish mycologist and botanist. Career Fries was born at Femsjö (Hylte Municipality), Småland, the son of the pastor there. He attended school in Växjö. He acquired an extensive knowledge of flowering plants from his father. In 1811 Fries entered Lund University where he obtained a doctorate in 1814. In the same year he was appointed an associate professorship in botany. He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and in 1824, became a full professor. In 1834 he became Borgström professor (Swed. ''Borgströmianska professuren'', a chair endowed by Erik Eriksson Borgström, 1708–1770) in applied economics at Uppsala University. The position was changed to "professor of botany and applied economics" in 1851. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1849. That year he was also appointed director of the Uppsala University Botanica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaeolepiota
''Phaeolepiota'' is a genus of fungi in the family Squamanitaceae. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species ''Phaeolepiota aurea''. Commonly known as golden bootleg or golden cap, ''P. aurea'' is an agaric (gilled mushroom) found throughout North America and Eurasia – often in groups and next to nettles. Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, shows that ''Phaeolepiota'' is close to and may be congeneric with ''Cystoderma''. Description The mushroom is large and golden, and its stem has a skirt-like ring. The spores are brown. Economic Usage Fruit bodies of ''Phaeolepiota aurea'' have been considered edible and are collected for food in Russia and China. It is not, however, recommended for consumption since it can cause gastrointestinal upset. Studies have shown that fruit bodies contain unacceptable amounts of both cadmium and cyanide Cyanide is a naturally occurring, rapidly acting, toxic chemical that can exist in many d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stipe (mycology)
In mycology, a stipe () is the stem or stalk-like feature supporting the cap of a mushroom. Like all tissues of the mushroom other than the hymenium, the stipe is composed of sterile hyphal tissue. In many instances, however, the fertile hymenium extends down the stipe some distance. Fungi that have stipes are said to be stipitate. The evolutionary benefit of a stipe is generally considered to be in mediating spore dispersal. An elevated mushroom will more easily release its spores into wind currents or onto passing animals. Nevertheless, many mushrooms do not have stipes, including cup fungi, puffballs, earthstars, some polypores, jelly fungi, ergots, and smuts. It is often the case that features of the stipe are required to make a positive identification of a mushroom. Such distinguishing characters include: # the texture of the stipe (fibrous, brittle, chalky, leathery, firm, etc.) # whether it has remains of a partial veil (such as an annulus or cortina) or universal ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annulus (mycology)
An annulus is the ring-like or collar-like structure sometimes found on the stipe of some species of mushrooms. The annulus represents the remnants of the partial veil, after it has ruptured to expose the gills or other spore-producing surface. It can also be called a ring which is what the Latin word annulus directly translates as. The modern usage of the Latin word originates from the early days of botany and mycology when species descriptions were only written in Latin. Outside of the formal setting of scientific publications which still have a Latin requirement, it will often just be referred to as a ring or stem ring in field guide A field guide is a book designed to help the reader identify wildlife (flora or fauna) or other objects of natural occurrence (e.g. rocks and minerals). It is generally designed to be brought into the "field" or local area where such objects exi ...s and on identification websites. Ring descriptions The way in which the structure and appea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Partial Veil
In mycology, a partial veil (also called an inner veil, to differentiate it from the "outer", or universal veil) is a temporary structure of tissue found on the fruiting bodies of some basidiomycete fungi, typically agarics. Its role is to isolate and protect the developing spore-producing surface, represented by gills or tubes, found on the lower surface of the cap. A partial veil, in contrast to a universal veil, extends from the stem surface to the cap edge. The partial veil later disintegrates, once the fruiting body has matured and the spores are ready for dispersal. It might then give rise to a stem ring, or fragments attached to the stem or cap edge. In some mushrooms, both a partial veil and a universal veil may be present. Structure In the immature fruit bodies of some basidiomycete fungi, the partial veil extends from the stem surface to the cap margin and shields the gills during development, and later breaks to expose the mature gills. The presence, absence, or struct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycorrhiza
A mycorrhiza (from Greek μύκης ', "fungus", and ῥίζα ', "root"; pl. mycorrhizae, mycorrhiza or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the plant's rhizosphere, its root system. Mycorrhizae play important roles in plant nutrition, soil biology, and soil chemistry. In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus colonizes the host plant's root tissues, either intracellularly as in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF or AM), or extracellularly as in ectomycorrhizal fungi. The association is sometimes mutualistic. In particular species or in particular circumstances, mycorrhizae may have a parasitic association with host plants. Definition A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a green plant and a fungus. The plant makes organic molecules such as sugars by photosynthesis and supplies them to the fungus, and the fungus supplies to the plant water and mineral nutrients, such as phosp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaeomarasmius
''Phaeomarasmius'' is a genus of fungi in the family Tubariaceae. It was formerly thought to belong in the family Inocybaceae The Inocybaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Members of this family have a widespread distribution in tropical and temperate areas. Taxonomy The type genus of the Inocybaceae, ''Inocybe'', had traditionally been placed withi .... The genus has a widespread distribution, and contains about 20 species. References External links * {{Taxonbar, from=Q2259778 Agaricales genera Tubariaceae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuehneromyces
''Kuehneromyces'' is a genus of agaric fungi in the family Strophariaceae. The genus was circumscribed by mycologists Rolf Singer and Alexander H. Smith in 1946. The genus name of ''Kuehneromyces'' is in honour of Robert Kühner (1903-1996), who was a French mycologist most notable for reviewing many agaric. See also *List of Agaricales genera This is a list of mushroom-forming fungi genera in the order Agaricales. Genera * See also *List of Agaricales families References Notes References {{reflist, 2, refs= {{cite journal , last=Agerer , first=R. , year=1983 , title=Beitrag zur F ... References Bolbitiaceae Agaricales genera Taxa named by Alexander H. Smith Taxa named by Rolf Singer Taxa described in 1946 {{Agaricales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemistropharia
''Hemistropharia'' is a genus of agarics of unclear classification, though possibly related to the Hymenogastraceae or Tubarieae. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species ''Hemistropharia albocrenulata''. This species, originally named ''Agaricus albocrenulatus'' by American mycologist Charles Horton Peck in 1873, is synonymous with the names ''Pholiota albocrenulata'' (Peck) Sacc. and ''Stropharia albocrenulata'' (Peck) Kreisel, among others. The genus most closely resembles a typical ''Pholiota'' where it was previously classified and described and it causes a decay in trees as does a true ''Pholiota''. Unlike ''Pholiota'', ''Hemistropharia albocrenulata'' lacks chrysocystidia, and it has darker basidiospores. See also *List of Agaricales genera This is a list of mushroom-forming fungi genera in the order Agaricales. Genera * See also *List of Agaricales families References Notes References {{reflist, 2, refs= {{cite journal , last=Agerer , first=R. , year=19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemipholiota
''Hemipholiota'' is a genus of agaric fungi in the order Agaricales. It was originally proposed by Rolf Singer in 1962 as a subgenus of ''Pholiota'' to contain species with absent or sparse pleurocystidia and absent chrysocystidia. Henri Romagnesi raised it to generic status in 1980, but this naming was invalid as it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. Marcel Bon published the genus validly in 1986. Molecular analyses revealed that ''Hemipholiota'' was distinct from ''Pholiota'' and also from a new genus ''Hemistropharia'' that had been classified with ''Hemipholiota''. Both genera fall outside of the Strophariaceae The Strophariaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Under an older classification, the family covered 18 genera and 1316 species. The species of Strophariaceae have red-brown to dark brown spore prints, while the spores themselves a .... The generic name required conservation against an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypholoma
''Hypholoma'' is a genus of fungi which are quite well known due to the commonness of sulphur tuft (''Hypholoma fasciculare'') on stumps in temperate woodlands. Species in this genus are easily recognizable because the dark spores create a distinctive greenish effect on the yellow cap underside. ''Hypholoma'' means "mushrooms with threads" because of the thread-like veil that connects the cap to the stem when young and for the bundles of rhizomorphs which radiate outwards from the stem base.Paul Stamets''Growing gourmet and medicinal mushrooms'' p. 239, Ten Speed Press, 3rd ed. (2000), Other well-known species are '' H. capnoides'' and '' H. lateritium''. Synonyms Sometimes ''Hypholoma'' has not been considered a genus in its own right, but it has been grouped together with '' Stropharia'' and ''Psilocybe'' under the name of ''Geophila'', ''Naematoloma'', or ''Nematoloma''. General characteristics * The fruiting bodies mostly have a central stipe. Some are mediu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stropharia
The genus ''Stropharia'' (sometimes known by the common name roundheads) is a group of medium to large agarics with a distinct membranous ring on the stipe. Well-known members of this genus include the edible ''Stropharia rugosoannulata'' and the blue-green verdigris agarics ('' Stropharia aeruginosa'' and allies). ''Stropharia'' are not generally regarded as good to eat and there are doubts over the edibility of several species. However the species ''Stropharia rugosoannulata'' is regarded as prized and delicious when young, and is now the premier mushroom for outdoor bed culture by mycophiles in temperate climates. Taxonomy The scientific name is derived from the Greek 'στροφος/strophos' meaning "belt", in reference to the annulus present on the stipe. Spore print color is generally medium to dark purple-brown with white edge at maturity, except for a few species that have rusty-brown spores. There is a great deal of variation, however, since this group as presently deli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
