Philippine Creeper
The Philippine creepers or rhabdornises are small passerine birds and form the genus ''Rhabdornis''. They are endemic to the Philippines. They do not migrate, other than to make local movements. Taxonomy The genus ''Rhabdornis'' was introduced in 1853 by German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach to accommodate the stripe-headed rhabdornis. The name combines the Ancient Greek ''rhabdos'' meaning "stripe" with ''ornis'' meaning "bird." The relationship of the Philippine creepers to other bird species was formerly uncertain and the genus ''Rhabdornis'' was placed in its own family Rhabdornithinae. Molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed that the Philippine creepers are aberrant members of the starling family Sturnidae. The genus contains four species: * Stripe-headed rhabdornis, stripe-headed rhabdornis or stripe-sided rhabdornis, ''Rhabdornis mystacalis'' * Grand rhabdornis, long-billed rhabdornis or grand rhabdornis, ''Rhabdornis grandis'' * Stripe-breasted rhabdornis, plain-h ...
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Stripe-headed Rhabdornis
The stripe-headed rhabdornis or stripe-headed creeper (''Rhabdornis mystacalis''), also known as the stripe-sided rhabdornis, is a species of bird currently placed in the starling family, Sturnidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. References External links eBird Website

Bird Migration
Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by the availability of food. It occurs mainly in the northern hemisphere, where birds are funneled onto specific routes by natural barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Caribbean Sea. Migration of species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows was recorded as many as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors, including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and modern scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking to trace migrants. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction, especially of stopover and wintering sites, as wel ...
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Endemic Birds Of The Philippines
This article is one of a series providing information about endemism among birds in the world's various zoogeographic zones. For an overview of this subject see Endemism in Birds. Patterns of endemism Under the most up-to-date taxonomy, there are 237 bird species endemic to the Philippines. Many of these are restricted to specific islands, particularly Luzon, Mindanao, and Palawan."A Guide to the Birds of the Philippines", Robert S. Kennedy et al., Oxford University Press, 2013. The number of endemic species recognized in the Philippines has increased in recent years, mainly due to 'splits' of species and, to a much lesser extent, due to the discovery of previously unknown species. An example of splitting is the division of the erstwhile species Philippine hawk-owl (''Ninox scutulata'') into seven different species, now called by the name of this-or-that Boobook (Luzon Boobook, Mindoro Boobook, etc...see the list below). Another example is the split of the erstwhile tarictric h ...
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Rhabdornithidae
The Philippine creepers or rhabdornises are small passerine birds and form the genus ''Rhabdornis''. They are endemic to the Philippines. They do not migrate, other than to make local movements. Taxonomy The genus ''Rhabdornis'' was introduced in 1853 by German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach to accommodate the stripe-headed rhabdornis. The name combines the Ancient Greek ''rhabdos'' meaning "stripe" with ''ornis'' meaning "bird." The relationship of the Philippine creepers to other bird species was formerly uncertain and the genus ''Rhabdornis'' was placed in its own family Rhabdornithinae. Molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed that the Philippine creepers are aberrant members of the starling family Sturnidae. The genus contains four species: * Stripe-headed rhabdornis, stripe-headed rhabdornis or stripe-sided rhabdornis, ''Rhabdornis mystacalis'' * Grand rhabdornis, long-billed rhabdornis or grand rhabdornis, ''Rhabdornis grandis'' * Stripe-breasted rhabdornis, plain-hea ...
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Treecreeper
The treecreepers are a family, Certhiidae, of small passerine birds, widespread in wooded regions of the Northern Hemisphere and sub-Saharan Africa. The family contains eleven species in two genera, ''Certhia'' and ''Salpornis''. Their plumage is dull-coloured, and as their name implies, they climb over the surface of trees in search of food. Taxonomy and systematics The family consists of two subfamilies, each with one genus. Their distinctive anatomical and behavioural characteristics are discussed in their respective articles. *Subfamily Certhiinae, genus ''Certhia'', is the typical treecreepers, with eight species found in Europe and Asia, and one, the brown creeper, in North America. *Subfamily Salpornithinae, genus ''Salpornis'', contains only the Indian spotted creeper and African spotted creeper. Some taxonomists place the nuthatches and treecreepers in a larger grouping with the wrens and gnatcatchers. This superfamily, the Certhioidea, was based on phylogenetic studie ...
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Visayan Rhabdornis
The Visayan rhabdornis (''Rhabdornis rabori'') is a species of bird currently placed in the starling family, Sturnidae. It is endemic to the central Philippines on the islands of Negros and Panay. It was previously considered a subspecies of the stripe-breasted rhabdornis. It lives in tropical moist montane forest and is threatened by habitat loss. Description EBird describes the bird as "A medium-sized bird of foothill and lower montane forest on Negros and Panay with an off-white throat, a white belly, brown upperparts, darker wings and tail, a black mask, a gray crown, and pale brown sides broadly streaked white. Often perches on dead branches. Similar to Stripe-sided Rhabdornis, but usually found at higher elevations, bill is shorter and thicker, and crown is gray rather than dark with white streaks. Voice includes high-pitched chips and squeals." Habitat and conservation status It lives in sub-montane and montane primary and secondary forest, forest edge and occasional ...
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Stripe-breasted Rhabdornis
The stripe-breasted rhabdornis (''Rhabdornis inornatus''), also known as the stripe-breasted creeper or plain-headed creeper, is a species of bird currently placed in the starling family, Sturnidae. It is endemic to the southern and central Philippines. The Visayan rhabdornis (''R. rabori'') is now usually considered a distinct species, where previously it was considered a subspecies. The grand rhabdornis (''R. grandis'') of Luzon Island is sometimes regarded as a subspecies, but usually now considered a distinct species as well. References stripe-breasted rhabdornis stripe-breasted rhabdornis The stripe-breasted rhabdornis (''Rhabdornis inornatus''), also known as the stripe-breasted creeper or plain-headed creeper, is a species of bird currently placed in the starling family, Sturnidae. It is endemic to the southern and central Phili ... Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Muscicapoidea-stub ...
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Grand Rhabdornis
The grand rhabdornis (''Rhabdornis grandis''), also known as the long-billed rhabdornis or long-billed creeper, is a species of bird currently placed in the starling family, Sturnidae. It is endemic to Luzon Island in the Philippines. It is sometimes treated as a subspecies of the stripe-breasted creeper (''R. inornatus''). Description A medium-sized, long-billed bird with a white throat and belly, a brown back, rufous wings and tail, a black mask with a thin white eyebrow above, a gray crown, and brown sides broadly streaked white. Habitat and Conservation Status Its natural habitat is tropical mid-elevation and high elevation montane forest. The IUCN lists it as a Least-concern species but despite this the population is still said to be declining due to habitat loss and fragmentation. References grand rhabdornis Birds of Luzon grand rhabdornis The grand rhabdornis (''Rhabdornis grandis''), also known as the long-billed rhabdornis or long-billed creeper, is a specie ...
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Molecular Phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical framew ...
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Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic period (), and the Classical period (). Ancient Greek was the language of Homer and of fifth-century Athenian historians, playwrights, and philosophers. It has contributed many words to English vocabulary and has been a standard subject of study in educational institutions of the Western world since the Renaissance. This article primarily contains information about the Epic and Classical periods of the language. From the Hellenistic period (), Ancient Greek was followed by Koine Greek, which is regarded as a separate historical stage, although its earliest form closely resembles Attic Greek and its latest form approaches Medieval Greek. There were several regional dialects of Ancient Greek, of which Attic Greek developed into Koine. Dia ...
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Stripe-headed Rhabdornis
The stripe-headed rhabdornis or stripe-headed creeper (''Rhabdornis mystacalis''), also known as the stripe-sided rhabdornis, is a species of bird currently placed in the starling family, Sturnidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. References External links eBird Website