|
Philippe De Volvire
Philippe de Volvire, marquis de Ruffec ( –6 January 1585) was a French courtier, military commander and governor during the latter Italian Wars and French Wars of Religion. Ruffec served in the war with England known as the Rough Wooing where he saw service first in Scotland and then for an abortive attack against Boulogne. During the reign of Charles IX he developed a proximity to his brother Anjou and travelled to the Commonwealth with him when he was elected king. Having stayed with Anjou for the duration of his reign, he returned to France when Anjou became Henri III. During the fifth French War of Religion, the king's brother Alençon entered rebellion. This represented a considerable threat to the crown, and a generous truce was secured with him in November 1575. As a term of this truce, Alençon was to be given several cities, among them the city of Angoulême of which Ruffec was governor. Ruffec refused to hand over the city, arousing much fury at court. As a result ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italian Wars
The Italian Wars, also known as the Habsburg–Valois Wars, were a series of conflicts covering the period 1494 to 1559, fought mostly in the Italian peninsula, but later expanding into Flanders, the Rhineland and the Mediterranean Sea. The primary belligerents were the Valois kings of France, and their Habsburg opponents in the Holy Roman Empire and Spain. They were supported by various Italian states at different stages of the war, with limited involvement from England and the Ottoman Empire. The Italic League established in 1454 achieved a balance of power in Italy, but fell apart after the death of its chief architect, Lorenzo de' Medici, in 1492. Combined with the ambition of Ludovico Sforza, its collapse allowed Charles VIII of France to invade Naples in 1494, which drew in Spain and the Holy Roman Empire. Despite being forced to withdraw in 1495, Charles showed the Italian states were wealthy, but vulnerable due to political divisions, making parts of Italy a battlegr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Haddington
The sieges of Haddington were a series of sieges staged at the Royal Burgh of Haddington, East Lothian, Scotland, as part of the War of the Rough Wooing, one of the last Anglo-Scottish Wars. Following Regent Arran's defeat at the battle of Pinkie Cleugh on Saturday 10 September 1547, he took Haddington, with 5000 troops including French mercenaries and troops sent by Henry II of France to bolster the Auld Alliance. Afterwards, Francis Talbot, 5th Earl of Shrewsbury took it with nearly 15,000. The English forces built artillery fortifications and were able to withstand an assault by the besieging French and Scots troops supported by heavy cannon in July 1548. Although the siege was scaled down after this unsuccessful attempt, the English garrison abandoned the town on 19 September 1549, after attrition by Scottish raids at night, sickness, and changing political circumstance. The English dig in The English commander, Grey of Wilton, captured and garrisoned Haddington and outly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Casimir Of The Palatinate-Simmern
John Casimir, Count Palatine of Simmern (German: ''Johann Casimir von Pfalz-Simmern'') (7 March 1543 – Brockhaus Geschichte Second Edition) was a German prince and a younger son of Frederick III, Elector Palatine. A firm Calvinist, he was a leader of mercenary troops in the religious wars of the time, including the Dutch Revolt. From 1583–1592 he acted as regent for his nephew, Elector Palatine Frederick IV. Career Count Palatine John Casimir was born in Simmern as the third son of Frederick III, Elector Palatine, and Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, of the Simmern middle electoral line of the House of Wittelsbach. In 1564 John Casimir suggested himself as a bridegroom for Elizabeth I of England and sent her his portrait via the Scottish courtier Sir James Melville. Elizabeth, however, showed no interest in him. On 26 November 1568 he was engaged to the 16-year-old Lutheran Elisabeth of Saxony, a daughter of Augustus, Elector of Saxony and his first wife Anne of Denma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis De Bourbon, Duke Of Montpensier
Louis de Bourbon, Duc de Montpensier (10 June 1513 – 23 September 1582) was the second Duke of Montpensier, a French Prince of the Blood, military commander and governor. He began his military career during the Italian Wars, and in 1557 was captured after the disastrous battle of Saint-Quentin. His liberty restored he found himself courted by the new regime as it sought to steady itself and isolate its opponents in the wake of the Conspiracy of Amboise. At this time Montpensier supported liberalising religious reform, as typified by the Edict of Amboise he was present for the creation of. The Guise administration granted him a large super-governorship centred on the Duchy of Anjou in 1560, a territory he would govern for the next five years before handing it over to his son in 1565. By 1561 he was becoming increasingly alienated from the crowns religious policy and moved into opposition with Anne de Montmorency and François, Duke of Guise. As France fell into the French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Charité-sur-Loire
La Charité-sur-Loire (before 1961: ''La Charité'') is a commune in the Nièvre department and Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France. Geography La Charité-sur-Loire lies on the right, eastern bank of the river Loire, about 25 km northwest of Nevers. La Charité station has rail connections to Nevers, Cosne-sur-Loire and Paris. The A77 autoroute (Montargis–Nevers) passes east of the town. History The settlement of La Charité grew up around the Cluniac priory of that name, founded on an island site in the River Loire in 1089. During the Hundred Years War, the town was liberated from the English by French forces only in 1435. Joan of Arc tried to liberate the city in 1429 but failed. A great fire ravaged the town in 1559. The nave of the priory church stood in ruins until the late 17th century when it was rebuilt, albeit with its length diminished and the stone of its original facade repurposed for the reconstruction works. In the second of the French Wars of R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saumur
Saumur () is a commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. The town is located between the Loire and Thouet rivers, and is surrounded by the vineyards of Saumur itself, Chinon, Bourgueil, Coteaux du Layon, etc.. Saumur station has rail connections to Tours, Angers, La Roche-sur-Yon and Nantes. Toponymy First attested in the Medieval Latin form of ''Salmuri'' in 968 AD, the origin of the name is obscure. Albert Dauzat hypothesized a pre-Celtic unattested element ''*sala'' 'marshy ground' (''cf.'' Celtic ''salm'' 'which jumps and flows'), followed by another unattested element meaning "wall". Many places in Europe seem to contain ''*Sal(m)-'' elements, which may share Old European roots. History The Dolmen de Bagneux on the south of the town, is 23 meters long and is built from 15 large slabs of the local stone, weighing over 500 tons. It is the largest in France. The Château de Saumur was constructed in the 10th century to protect the Loire River crossing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niort
Niort (; Poitevin: ''Niàu''; oc, Niòrt; la, Novioritum) is a commune in the Deux-Sèvres department, western France. It is the prefecture of Deux-Sèvres. The population of Niort is 58,707 (2017) and more than 177,000 people live in the urban area. Geography The town is located on the river Sèvre Niortaise and is a centre of angelica cultivation in France. Near Niort at Maisonnay there is one of the tallest radio masts in France (height: 330 metres). Transport Niort has a railway station on the TGV route between Paris and La Rochelle, Gare de Niort. Direct TGV to Paris Montparnasse station takes 2 hours and 15 minutes. Niort is a road and motorway junction, connected to Paris and Bordeaux by the A10 motorway, with Nantes by the A83, and with La Rochelle by the N11. It is the largest French city to offer free mass transit. Population The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Niort proper, in its geography at the given years. The com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis, Duke Of Anjou
'' Monsieur'' Francis, Duke of Anjou and Alençon (french: Hercule François; 18 March 1555 – 10 June 1584) was the youngest son of King Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici. Early years He was scarred by smallpox at age eight, and his pitted face and slightly deformed spine did not suit his birth name of ''Hercule''. He changed his name to Francis in honour of his late brother Francis II of France when he was confirmed. The royal children were raised under the supervision of the governor and governess of the royal children, Claude d'Urfé and Françoise d'Humières, under the orders of Diane de Poitiers. In 1574, following the death of his brother Charles IX of France and the accession of his other brother Henry III of France, he became heir to the throne. In 1576 he was made Duke of Anjou, Touraine, and Berry. Alençon and the Huguenots During the night of 13 September 1575, Alençon fled from the French court after being alienated from his brother King H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles De Balsac, Baron De Dunes
Charles de Balsac, baron de Dunes (known as Entraguet or ‘the young’) ( –) was a French noble, governor, soldier and courtier during the French Wars of Religion. The third son of Guillaume de Balsac and Louise d'Humières, by 1571 he had become a ''gentilhomme de la chambre'' to the brother of the king, the duke of Anjou/ This relationship was aided by the two having been classmates at the Collège de Navarre. He fought under the duke at the siege of La Rochelle in 1573 before joining the prince when he was elected as king of the Commonwealth. He served in the new king's household as ''Chambellan''. By the time Anjou returned to France as king Henri III in 1574 he had become one of the king's paramount favourites. This situation would not last and he would be usurped in the attentions of the king by Caylus, a matter he greatly resented. Resultingly he moved into the circle of the House of Lorraine, who his family had long been clients of. On 27 April 1578 he and Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis De Bérenger
Louis de Bérenger, sieur du Guast (– 31 October 1575) was a French noble and early favourite of king Henri III during the French Wars of Religion. Having fought in the latter Italian Wars under Marshal Brissac he achieved prominence in court in 1569, when he was subject to the attentions of the acclaimed poet Ronsard. The following year he was elevated to a gentleman of the chamber in the entourage of the King's brother. It was with the king's brother that he participated in the assassinations that prefigured the Massacre of Saint Bartholomew. In the civil war that followed he would command a company of infantry during the siege of La Rochelle, during which he received a severe wound to his arm in an assault. With his patron Anjou's election as king of the Commonwealth, Du Guast travelled with his lord to the east. While in the country during Anjou's brief rule he found himself overshadowed by Bellegarde, Anjou's new closest favourite, finding himself forced to compete wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques De Lévis
Jacques de Lévis, comte de Caylus (–29 May 1578) was a French noble and favourite of King Henri III during the French Wars of Religion. Coming from a prominent Rouergue family, Caylus entered court life when dispatched by his father, the seneschal of Rouergue to court in 1572 to inform King Charles IX of the failure of the sieges of Montauban and Millau. The following year he began his association with the king's brother Anjou, future Henri III, fighting under his command during the siege of La Rochelle. With Anjou's election as king of the Commonwealth, Caylus travelled with his new patron to the country, being elevated to the position of 'gentleman of the chamber' in Anjou's capacity as king of the Commonwealth. With Anjou's return to France as king Henri III in 1574, Caylus, increasingly close to the king, travelled with him. During the king's stay in Lyon he was elevated to the title of count. During the following civil war, he and his company fought under the authority o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François D'O
François d'O, seigneur de Fresne et de Maillebois (1545/50-) was a French soldier, statesman and favourite of Henri III. Rising to prominence through his association with the dauphin Henri, he served with the prince at the siege of La Rochelle. When Henri returned to France as king in 1574 d'O found himself quickly receiving advancement, first as master of the wardrobe and first gentleman of the chamber. Part of a particularly close group to Henri known as the Mignons, or to Henri 'Ma Troupe' he and several other Mignons attempted to kill Bussy d'Amboise for the king. In 1578 he was further elevated to the post of ''surintendant des finances.'' Keen to re-assert authority over a province who's estates had recently demonstrated disloyalty, d'O was granted the captaincy of the town of Caen in his home province of Normandy. At this time d'O was a close confident of the king, regularly travelling with him on his excursions from Paris, with the king staying at his residence on occasio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.svg "Click for more on -> Francis, Duke Of Anjou")