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People's Rally For Progress
The People's Rally for Progress ( ar, التجمع الشعبي من أجل التقدم; french: Rassemblement populaire pour le Progrès, RPP) is a political party in Djibouti. It has dominated politics in the country since 1979, initially under the rule of President Hassan Gouled Aptidon. Today it is led by President Ismaïl Omar Guelleh and is in a coalition government with Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy (FRUD) and other parties. The RPP tends to hold more influence among the Issa (clan), Issa population. The RPP was founded in Dikhil on March 4, 1979."Récit d’une journée commémorant les 25 ans d’existence du RPP" ''La Nation'' (Djibouti), March 8, 2004 . It was declared the sole legal party in October 1981, retaining this status until multipart ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Language
French ( or ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages. French evolved from Gallo-Romance, the Latin spoken in Gaul, and more specifically in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues d'oïl—languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, which French ( Francien) largely supplanted. French was also influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul like Gallia Belgica and by the ( Germanic) Frankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders. Today, owing to France's past overseas expansion, there are numerous French-based creole languages, most notably Haitian Creole. A French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Francophone in both English and French. French is an official language in 29 countries across multiple continents, most of which are members of the ''Organisation internationale de la Francophonie'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Djiboutian Parliamentary Election, 2003
Parliamentary elections were held in Djibouti on 10 January 2003 to elect the National Assembly of Djibouti. The ruling coalition of President Ismail Omar Guelleh won all 65 seats in the election, defeating an opposition coalition. The elections were the first in which women were elected to parliament after a new law was passed requiring a minimum of 10% male or female candidates in candidate lists. Background After being a one-party state from 1977 to 1992, limited opposition was allowed in the previous two parliamentary elections. However, the 1997 elections still saw supporters of President Guelleh win every seat in Parliament. The situation was changed for the 2003 elections, with a law that had previously restricted the number of political parties to four expiring, and full multi-party democracy was allowed. Electoral system Members of the National Assembly were elected from five constituencies with different numbers of seats. In each constituency, the party or coali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Djiboutian Parliamentary Election, 2013
Parliamentary elections were held in Djibouti on 22 February 2013. After their boycott of the 2008 elections, opposition groups contested the elections as the Union for National Safety alliance. According to government figures, the ruling Union for the Presidential Majority won 55 of 65 seats in Parliament, while the USN won the remaining 10 seats. It was the first time since independence in 1977 that opposition parties had been represented in the legislature. However, the USN claimed the figures for Djibouti city were falsified and released alternative results which would have reduced the UMP to 34 seats and increased their total from 10 to 31. Electoral system In 2013 the previous winner-takes-all party block vote was abandoned. Instead the elections were held using closed list Closed list describes the variant of party-list systems where voters can effectively only vote for political parties as a whole; thus they have no influence on the party-supplied order in which part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Djiboutian Parliamentary Election, 1992
Parliamentary elections were held in Djibouti on 18 December 1992. They were the first elections following a referendum in September that reintroduced multi-party democracy, albeit with a limit of four parties, although they were boycotted by the Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy. The ruling People's Rally for Progress won 75% of the vote and all 65 seats in the National Assembly. Voter turnout was only around 48.5%, as many Afars did not vote. Inter-Parliamentary Union Results References {{Djiboutian elections |
Djiboutian Parliamentary Election, 1982
Parliamentary elections were held in Djibouti on 21 May 1982. They were first elections for the National Assembly since independence in 1977, and were open only to the People's Rally for Progress, which had become the country's sole legal party the previous year. The RPP put forward a list of 65 candidates for the 65 seats, which was approved by 100% of voters with a turnout of 92.4%.Dieter Nohlen, Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999) ''Elections in Africa: A data handbook'', p324 Results References {{Djiboutian elections Djibouti Parliamentary election A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ... Elections in Djibouti One-party elections Single-candidate elections Djiboutian parliamentary election ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Rally For Independence
People's, branded as ''People's Viennaline'' until May 2018, and legally ''Altenrhein Luftfahrt GmbH'', is an Austrian airline headquartered in Vienna. It operates scheduled and charter passenger flights mainly from its base at St. Gallen-Altenrhein Airport in Switzerland. History Founded as People's Viennaline in 2010, the first revenue flight of the company took place on 27 March 2011. For several years, People's only operated a single scheduled route between its homebase and Vienna. However, the route network has since been expanded with some seasonal and charter services. In November 2016, People's inaugurated the world's shortest international jet route (and, after St. Maarten-Anguilla, second shortest international route overall). The flight from St. Gallen-Altenrhein Airport, Switzerland, to Friedrichshafen Airport, Germany, took only eight minutes of flight over Lake Constance and could have been booked individually. The airline faced severe criticism for this service fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1977 Afars And Issas Constituent Assembly Election
An election for the Constituent Assembly was held in the French Territory of the Afars and Issas on 8 May 1977 alongside a referendum on independence. The elections were boycotted by the Djibouti Liberation Movement, the National Union for Independence and the Popular Liberation Movement, resulting in the People's Rally for Independence winning all 65 seats.Dieter Nohlen Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expe ..., Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999) ''Elections in Africa: A data handbook'', p322 Results References {{Djiboutian elections Constituent Assembly election Afars Elections in Djibouti Constituent Assembly election Afars and Issas Constituent Assembly election ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2021 Djiboutian Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Djibouti on 9 April 2021. Incumbent president Ismaïl Omar Guelleh was re-elected for his fifth five-year term, having served in the role since 1999. Most of the opposition boycotted the election. Background Guelleh has served as President of Djibouti since 1999, and was re-elected in the first round of the last election in 2016, which was boycotted by opposition parties. Electoral system The president is elected through a two-round system for a five year term. A candidate who gets the majority of votes in the first round is duly elected; if this is not achieved, a second round is organised between the two candidates who received the most votes in the first. Whoever receives the most votes in the second round is then elected. If no candidate had received a majority of the vote, a second round would have been held on 23 April. In 2010 the Constitution of Djibouti was amended to shorten the length of presidential terms from six years to five ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Djiboutian Presidential Election, 2016
Presidential elections were held in Djibouti on 8 April 2016. Incumbent President Ismaïl Omar Guelleh was re-elected for a fourth term, receiving 87% of the vote in the first round. Electoral system The President of Djibouti was elected using the two-round system. After a modification of the constitution in 2010, six year terms were shortened to five year terms and term limits were abolished. Candidates Guelleh, president since 1999, ran for his fourth term in office and was considered likely to win against his six opponents. The Union for the Presidential Majority believed that Guelleh would win a landslide victory and prevent a second round run-off. The Union for National Salvation The Union for National Salvation (french: Union pour le Salut National USN) is a political coalition in Djibouti. Led by Ahmed Youssof Houmed, the coalition was formed to contest the 2013 parliamentary election. The party won 21 seats in the ... (USN), a coalition of seven opposition pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Djiboutian Presidential Election, 2011
Presidential elections were held in Djibouti on 8 April 2011. Incumbent president Ismail Omar Guelleh was re-elected with 81% of the vote, He defeating Mohamed Warsama Ragueh, an attorney and former judge who received 19% of the vote. Djibouti's opposition coalitions boycotted the elections, saying they would not be free and fair, leaving only President Guelleh and Ragueh, who had served as President of Djibouti's Constitutional Council in 2005. Ragueh complained about irregularities in the voting. Background In April 2010, the National Assembly of Djibouti amended the Constitution to allow Guelleh to stand for a third term. Presidents had been limited to two terms. Coinciding with the wider Arab Spring, protesters began calling for President Guelleh's ousting in February 2011. On at least two occasions the government detained opposition leaders and imprisoned many protesters. Another potential candidate, businessman Abdourahman Boreh, who was living in self-imposed exile in L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Djiboutian Presidential Election, 2005
Presidential elections were held in Djibouti on 8 April 2005. The incumbent President of Djibouti, Ismail Omar Guelleh, was re-elected to a second six-year term in an unopposed election. Background Hassan Gouled Aptidon was president of Djibouti from independence in 1977 until he stepped down in 1999. He had reintroduced multi-party democracy in 1992 under international pressure, but the 1999 presidential election saw Aptidon's nephew, Ismail Omar Guelleh, elected with 74% of the vote. The last parliamentary elections in 2003 saw Guelleh's political party, the Union for a Presidential Majority win all 65 seats in an election the opposition claimed saw significant rigging. Campaign The main opposition parties in Djibouti did not put up a candidate in the presidential election and called on their supporters to boycott the election. The only opposition candidate who had said they would stand in the election was Mohamed Daoud Chehem. However, on the 10 March 2005 he withdrew from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Djiboutian Presidential Election, 1993
Presidential elections were held in Djibouti on 7 May 1993. They followed the constitutional changes approved in a referendum the previous year, which re-introduced multi-party democracy, and were the first presidential elections to feature more than one candidate. Nevertheless, incumbent President Hassan Gouled Aptidon of the People's Rally for Progress won, taking 60.7% of the vote, based on a 51.25 turnout.Dieter Nohlen,Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999) ''Elections in Africa: A data handbook'', p326 Results References {{Djiboutian elections 1993 elections in Africa, Djibouti 1993 in Djibouti, Presidential Presidential elections in Djibouti May 1993 events in Africa, Djibouti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
