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People's Labour Party (Turkey)
The People's Labour Party ( tr, Halkın Emek Partisi, HEP), sometimes translated as the People's Work Party, was a pro-Kurdish political party in Turkey. It was founded on 7 June 1990 by seven members of the Turkish Grand National Assembly expelled from the Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP). They were expelled from the SHP for having attended a Kurdish congress organized by the Kurdish Institute in Paris. HEP was led by Ahmet Fehmi Işıklar. It first viewed itself as a party for the whole of Turkey. But that a party represented in the Turkish Parliament openly demanded more rights for the Kurds was new to Turkish politics. Its politicians held speeches in front of audiences of up to 10'000 people in South East Turkey, which was deemed a danger to the public security by the Turkish authorities. In view of the "Kurdish question", the HEP vigorously campaigned for the peoples right for self-determination of the people by means of a federation, referendum or similar kind of so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Democratic Populist Party (Turkey)
The Social Democratic Populist Party ( tr, Sosyaldemokrat Halkçı Parti, abbreviated SHP) was a political party in Turkey that formed after the fusion of the Social Democracy Party (''Sosyal Demokrasi Partisi'', SODEP) of Erdal İnönü and the People's Party of Aydın Güven Gürkan in 1985. The SHP was in power in 1989 and was the strongest party at the time. History The Social Democracy Party (''Sosyal Demokrasi Partisi'', SODEP) of Erdal İnönü and the People's Party of Aydın Güven Gürkan were founded in 1983 with the upcoming of the democracy after the military coup of 1980. In 1985, the Social Democracy Party and the People's Party merged to create the Social Democratic Populist Party. In the 1989 local elections, the SHP emerged as the strongest party with 27.8 percent of the vote, winning in 6 metropolitan areas, 39 provinces, and 283 districts. The Kurdish question placed the party under serious strain as the MPs Ahmet Türk, Mehmet Ali Eren, Mahmut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barelias
Bar Elias (Arabic: ; also transliterated Barelias, Barr Elias or Bar Ilyas) is a town located in the Zahlé District, Bekaa Governorate, Lebanon. With around 40,000 inhabitants, mostly Sunni Muslims, it is the second largest town, after Zahlé, in the Zahlé District. Bar Elias is a village of the Bekaa Valley, the center of Bekaa. It is known widely by its transit passes, as it is halfway between Beirut and Damascus. As the distance between the center of the northern Bekaa and the south became important because of its central valleys and on the international line of the most important economic centers and the largest commercial markets, Bar Elias has good neighborly relations with the rest of the towns and villages in the province. Easily accessible from all directions and in the center of the Bekaa Valley, Bar Elias is an open gate to all guests and visitors. Bar Elias is 900 m above sea level, at a distance of 51 km from Beirut via Damascus-Chtoura. It is spread over both ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leyla Zana
Leyla Zana (born 3 May 1961) is a Kurdish politician from Kurdish descent. She was imprisoned for ten years for her political activism, which was deemed by the Turkish courts to be against the unity of the country. She was awarded the 1995 Sakharov Prize by the European Parliament but was unable to collect it until her release in 2004. She was also awarded the Rafto Prize in 1994 after being recognized by the Rafto Foundation for being incarcerated for her peaceful struggle for the human rights of the Kurdish people in Turkey and the neighbouring countries. Early life She was born in May 1961, in Silvan, Diyarbakır Province, in the southeast of Turkey. When she was 14 years old, she was married to Mehdi Zana, who became the mayor of Diyarbakır three years later in 1977 until the military coup d'état and a political prisoner after it. Political career After the arrest of her husband Mahdi Zana, she and other relatives of prisoners tried to raise awareness for the prisoners s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Today's Zaman
''Today's Zaman'' (Zaman is Turkish for 'time' or 'age') was an English-language daily newspaper based in Turkey. Established on 17 January 2007, it was the English-language edition of the Turkish daily '' Zaman.'' ''Today's Zaman'' included domestic and international coverage, and regularly published topical supplements. Its contributors included cartoonist Cem Kızıltuğ. On 4 March 2016, a state administrator was appointed to run ''Zaman'' as well as ''Today's Zaman''. Since a series of corruption investigations went public on 17 December 2013 which targeted high ranking government officials, the Turkish government has been putting pressure on media organizations that are critical of it. , the website of ''Today's Zaman'' had not been updated since 5 March, while all archived articles prior to March 2016 were removed. On July 20, 2016, five days after the military coup attempt, ''Today's Zaman'' was shut down after an executive decree by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Gendarmerie
The Gendarmerie General Command ( tr, Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı) is the national Gendarmerie force of the Republic of Turkey. It is a service branch of the Turkish Ministry of Interior responsible for the maintenance of the public order in areas that fall outside the jurisdiction of police forces (generally in rural areas), as well as assuring internal security along with carrying out other specific duties assigned to it by certain laws and regulations. In wartime, some of its elements can be subordinated to Turkish Land Forces by the President of Turkey. The Commander of the Gendarmerie reports to the Minister of the Interior. The Gendarmerie has its roots in the Ottoman Empire military law enforcement organization "Subaşı" (later known as the "Zaptiye"). A similar, earlier force called "Şurta" existed during the medieval Seljuq Empire. History Ottoman era After the abolition of the Janissary corps of the Ottoman Empire in 1826, military organizations called ''Asâ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JİTEM
Jandarma İstihbarat ve Terörle Mücadele or Jandarma İstihbarat Teşkilatı (abbr. ''JİTEM'' or ''JİT''; English: "Gendarmerie Intelligence and Counter-Terrorism" or "Gendarmerie Intelligence Organization") is the unofficial and illegal intelligence agency of the Turkish Gendarmerie. JİTEM was active in the Kurdish–Turkish conflict. After the Susurluk scandal, former prime ministers Bülent Ecevit and Mesut Yılmaz have confirmed the existence of JİTEM. According to Murat Belge of Istanbul Bilgi University, who has reported that he was tortured in 1971 by its founder, Veli Küçük, JİTEM is an embodiment of the deep state. In other words, it is used by "the Establishment" to enforce alleged national interests. It is also said to be the military wing of Ergenekon, an underground Turkish nationalist organization. In 2008, long-maintained official denials of JİTEM's existence started collapsing in the courts, as ex-members of Turkey's "deep state" security apparatus testi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malatya
Malatya ( hy, Մալաթիա, translit=Malat'ya; Syro-Aramaic ܡܠܝܛܝܢܐ Malīṭīná; ku, Meletî; Ancient Greek: Μελιτηνή) is a large city in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey and the capital of Malatya Province. The city has been a human settlement for thousands of years. In Hittite, ''melid'' or ''milit'' means "honey", offering a possible etymology for the name, which was mentioned in the contemporary sources of the time under several variations (e.g., Hittite: ''Malidiya'' and possibly also ''Midduwa''; Akkadian: Meliddu;Hawkins, John D. ''Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions. Vol. 1: Inscriptions of the Iron Age.'' Walter de Gruyter, 2000. Urar̩tian: Meliṭeia). Strabo says that the city was known "to the ancients"Strabo ''Geographica, Translated from the Greek text by W. Falconer (London, 1903); Book XII, Chapter I'' as Melitene (Ancient Greek ''Μελιτηνή''), a name adopted by the Romans following Roman expansion into the east. Accor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diyarbakır
Diyarbakır (; ; ; ) is the largest Kurdish-majority city in Turkey. It is the administrative center of Diyarbakır Province. Situated around a high plateau by the banks of the Tigris river on which stands the historic Diyarbakır Fortress, it is the administrative capital of the Diyarbakır Province of southeastern Turkey. It is the second-largest city in the Southeastern Anatolia Region. As of December 2021, the Metropolitan Province population was 1,791,373 of whom 1,129,218 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of the 4 urban districts ( Bağlar, Kayapınar, Sur and Yenişehir). Diyarbakır has been a main focal point of the conflict between the Turkish state and various Kurdish separatist groups, and is seen by many Kurds as the de facto capital of Kurdistan. The city was intended to become the capital of an independent Kurdistan following the Treaty of Sèvres, but this was disregarded following subsequent political developments. Names and etymology Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vedat Aydın (Kurdish Politician)
Vedat Aydın (19537July 1991) was a Kurdish politician and human rights defender. He was married to Sükran Aydın. Early life and education He was born in 1953 in a village in Bismil, Diyarbakir. He graduated from the Literary department of the Vocational School in Diyarbakir in 1979. He became a founding member and delegate of the Diyarbakir branch of the Turkish Human Rights Association (IHD). Kurdish rights activist At the annual meeting of the IHD in October 1990, he gave the first public speech in Kurdish language in Turkey, which was forbidden. The decision to make the speech in Kurdish was taken by the Kurdish delegates, but caught others by surprise. Many other non-Kurdish delegates left the congress in protest while Aydin kept on with his speech, which was translated by Ahmet Zeki Okçuoglu into Turkish. Aydin was detained and arrested in Ulucanlar prison, Ankara. After his release he was elected the head of the People's Labor Party (HEP) in Diyarbakir. Assas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feridun Yazar
Feridun Yazar (1944 in Urfa - 12 June 2016) was the president of the political party HEP from 1991 to 1992. He worked as an attorney but was also involved in politics and was charged with being a member of the Revolutionary Cultural Eastern Hearths (DDKO). He was in prison until 1974 when he was granted an amnesty. He stayed in politics with the CHP. He was mayor of Urfa for the CHP in the years 1977–80. He was dismissed as mayor after the military coup 1980 and arrested for two years. After his release he returned into politics with the SHP. He became provincial chair for Urfa in 1988 but resigned from the party due to the dismissals from fellow Kurdish MPs. He then became the President of the HEP. He later was sent again to prison for propagandizing against the indivisibility of the state in the year 1998. In the congress of the Peace and Democracy Party The Peace and Democracy Party ( tr, Barış ve Demokrasi Partisi, ku, Partiya Aştî û Demokrasiyê, BDP) was a Kurdis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Court Of Human Rights
The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR or ECtHR), also known as the Strasbourg Court, is an international court of the Council of Europe which interprets the European Convention on Human Rights. The court hears applications alleging that a contracting state has breached one or more of the human rights enumerated in the Convention or its optional protocols to which a member state is a party. The European Convention on Human Rights is also referred to by the initials "ECHR". The court is based in Strasbourg, France. An application can be lodged by an individual, a group of individuals, or one or more of the other contracting states. Aside from judgments, the court can also issue advisory opinions. The convention was adopted within the context of the Council of Europe, and all of its 46 member states are contracting parties to the convention. Russia, having been expelled from the Council of Europe as of 16 March 2022, ceased to be a party to the convention with effect from 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democracy Party (Turkey)
The Democracy Party ( tr, Demokrasi Partisi, DEP, Kurmanji: Partiya Demokrasiyê) was a pro-Kurdish political party in Turkey founded on the 7 May 1993. Ahmet Türk, the former chairman of the People's Labor Party (HEP) and most of the former MPs of the HEP joined the party after its first party congress on the 27 June 1993. As the first party chair was elected Yaşar Kaya. The party decided to launch a peace campaign focused on the Turkish Kurdish conflict which would take place from the 2 August to the 1 September 1993. The campaign was prohibited by the Turkish authorities and the events that have been planned in Diyarbakır and Batman were canceled.Cigerli, Sabri; Saout, Didier Le (2005). p.190 And on the 17 September 1993 Kaya was arrested due to his participation at public event in Germany as well as the congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) in Iraq. He was released on the 8 December of the same year and Kaya fled to Germany. On the 12 December 1993Cigerli, Sabri; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
