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People's Commissariat Of Agriculture
The People's Commissariat for Agriculture, abbreviated as ''Narkomzem'' was established in the RSFSR following the October Revolution. When the RSFSR joined the other Soviet republics to form the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), agriculture was to be an area of policy (along with education, health, etc.) governed exclusively by the individual union republics and Narkomzem remained a Commissariat of the RSFSR and other respective Soviet Socialist Republics. Coinciding with the onset of the policy of mass collectivisation of agriculture and the Five Year Plan, it was decided to create a union-level People's Commissariat for Agriculture of the USSR in 1929 which would exist above the republic-level People's Commissariats of Agriculture. Its headquarters building was located at Orlikov Pereulok, 1, Moscow, designed by Aleksey Shchusev in 1928. ''Narkomzem'' was reformed as the Soviet Ministry of Agriculture and Food (''Minsel'khoz'') in 1946. History The commissariat un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I. was a socialist state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous Republics of the Soviet Union, constituent republic of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR, sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR.The Free Dictionary Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic< ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biological Weapon
Biological agents, also known as biological weapons or bioweapons, are pathogens used as weapons. In addition to these living or replicating pathogens, toxins and Toxin#Biotoxins, biotoxins are also included among the bio-agents. More than 1,200 different kinds of potentially weaponizable bio-agents have been described and studied to date. Some biological agents have the ability to adversely affect health, human health in a variety of ways, ranging from relatively mild allergy, allergic reactions to serious medical conditions, including serious injury, as well as serious or permanent disability or death. Many of these organisms are ubiquitous in the natural environment where they are found in water, soil, plants, or animals. Bio-agents may be amenable to "weaponization" to render them easier to deploy or disseminate. Genetic engineering, Genetic modification may enhance their incapacitating or lethal properties, or render them impervious to conventional treatments or preventive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semyon Sereda
Semyon Pafnutyevich Sereda (; 1 February 1871 – 21 May 1933) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet politician. He was the son of a railway employee. From 1896 to 1917 he worked as a statistician. Sereda joined the Bolshevik wing of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in 1903. In 1917, he became a member of the Ryazan ''gubkom'', and from 1 March 1918 until 1 December 1921 served as the Peoples's Commissar for Agriculture. In this capacity he led the grain requisition and punitive operations against peasants in Yeletsky Uyezd of Oryol Governorate in 1918. Sereda was one of the main initiators of the creation of state farms and industrial communities. From January 1920 he was a member of the Presidium of Supreme Soviet of the National Economy and Gosplan The State Planning Committee, commonly known as Gosplan ( ), was the agency responsible for economic planning, central economic planning in the Soviet Union. Established in 1921 and remaining in existence unt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrei Kolegayev
Andrei Lukic Kolegayev () (22 March 1887 – 23 March 1937) was a Left Socialist-Revolutionary and later Soviet statesman who advocated an alliance with the Bolsheviks. He was born in Surgut, Tobolsk Governorate in the family of an exiled Narodnaya Volya revolutionary. Kolegayev joined the Socialist-Revolutionaries in 1906 and the following year he was expelled from Kharkov University. He was arrested four times and spent seven years in exile. He participated in the October Revolution and was a delegate to the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets. He was People's Commissar for Agriculture from 23 December 1917 to 1 March 1918. The officials of the former Ministry of the Interim Government sabotaged the decisions the new government and declared a strike. He was given the post of Commissar of Agriculture, as he was a Left SR. In November 1918 he broke with the Left SRs and joined the Russian Communist Party (bolsheviks). During 1918–1920 he was chairman of the Special prodko ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ken Alibek
Kanatzhan "Kanat" Baizakovich Alibekov (born 1950), known as Kenneth "Ken" Alibek since 1992, is a Kazakh-American microbiologist, bioweaponeer, and biological warfare administrative management expert. He was the first deputy director of Biopreparat. During his career in Soviet bioweaponry development in the late 1970s and 1980s, Alibekov managed projects that included weaponizing glanders and Marburg hemorrhagic fever, and created Russia's first tularemia bomb. Jacobsen, Annie (2015), ''The Pentagon's Brain: An Uncensored History of DARPA, America's Top Secret Military Research Agency''; New York: Little, Brown and Company, pg 293. His most prominent accomplishment was the creation of a new "battle strain" of anthrax, known as "Strain 836", later described by the ''Los Angeles Times'' as "the most virulent and vicious strain of anthrax known to man". In 1992, he defected to the United States; he has since become an American citizen and made his living as a biodefense consul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rust (fungus)
Rusts are fungal plant pathogens of the order Pucciniales (previously known as Uredinales) causing plant fungal diseases. An estimated 168 rust genera and approximately 7,000 species, more than half of which belong to the genus ''Puccinia'', are currently accepted. Rust fungi are highly specialized plant pathogens with several unique features. Taken as a group, rust fungi are diverse and affect many kinds of plants. However, each species has a range of hosts and cannot be transmitted to non-host plants. In addition, most rust fungi cannot be microbial culture, grown easily in pure culture. Most species of rust fungi are able to Heteroecious, infect two different plant hosts in different stages of their life cycle, and may produce up to five Morphology (biology), morphologically and cytologically distinct spore-producing structures viz., spermogonia, aecia, uredinium, uredinia, Telium, telia, and basidia in successive stages of reproduction. Each spore type is very host-specific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytophthora Infestans
''Phytophthora infestans'' is an oomycete or Oomycete, water mold, a fungus-like microorganism that causes the serious potato and tomato disease known as late blight or potato blight. Early blight, caused by ''Alternaria solani'', is also often called "potato blight". Late blight was a major culprit in the European Potato Failure, 1840s European, the Great Famine (Ireland), 1845–1852 Irish, and the Highland Potato Famine, 1846 Highland potato famines. The organism can also infect some other members of the Solanaceae. The pathogen is favored by moist, cool environments: sporulation is optimal at in water-saturated or nearly saturated environments, and zoospore production is favored at temperatures below . Lesion growth rates are typically optimal at a slightly warmer temperature range of . Etymology The genus name ''Phytophthora'' comes from the Greek (), meaning 'plant' – plus the Greek (), meaning 'decay, ruin, perish'. The species name ''infestans'' is the present partici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthomonas Oryzae Pv
''Xanthomonas'' (from greek: ''xanthos'' – "yellow"; ''monas'' – "entity") is a genus of bacteria, many of which cause plant diseases. There are at least 27 plant associated ''Xanthomonas spp.'', that all together infect at least 400 plant species. Different species typically have specific host and/or tissue range and colonization strategies. Taxonomy The genus ''Xanthomonas'' has been subject of numerous taxonomic and phylogenetic studies and was first described as ''Bacterium vesicatorium'' as a pathogen of pepper and tomato in 1921. Dowson later reclassified the bacterium as ''Xanthomonas campestris'' and proposed the genus ''Xanthomonas''.''Xanthomonas'' was first described as a monotypic genus and further research resulted in the division into two groups, A and B. Later work using DNA:DNA hybridization has served as a framework for the general ''Xanthomonas'' species classification. Other tools, including multilocus sequence analysis and amplified fragment-length polymor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnaporthe Grisea
''Magnaporthe grisea'', also known as rice blast fungus, rice rotten neck, rice seedling blight, blast of rice, oval leaf spot of graminea, pitting disease, ryegrass blast, Johnson spot, neck blast, wheat blast and , is a plant-pathogenic fungus and model organism that causes a serious disease affecting rice. It is now known that ''M. grisea'' consists of a cryptic species complex containing at least two biological species that have clear genetic differences and do not interbreed. Complex members isolated from '' Digitaria'' have been more narrowly defined as ''M. grisea''. The remaining members of the complex isolated from rice and a variety of other hosts have been renamed ''Magnaporthe oryzae'', within the same ''M. grisea'' complex. Confusion on which of these two names to use for the rice blast pathogen remains, as both are now used by different authors. Members of the ''M. grisea'' complex can also infect other agriculturally important cereals including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheeppox
Sheeppox (or sheep pox, known as in Latin, in French, in German) is a highly contagious disease of sheep caused by a poxvirus different from the benign orf (or contagious ecthyma). This virus is in the family ''Poxviridae'' and genus '' Capripoxvirus''. Sheeppox virus (SPV) is the most severe of all the animal pox diseases and can result in some of the most significant economic consequences due to poor wool and leather quality. Goatpox is a similar disease of goats, caused by a virus antigenically distinct from sheeppox virus. Virology Structure Sheeppox virus is approximately 150 kbp and shares 96% and 97% nucleotide identity with goatpox virus and lumpy skin disease virus, respectively. This virus has a linear, dsDNA genome and is thus a part of group I according to the Baltimore Classification System. The virus has a complex coat and capsid symmetry. Host The hosts for sheeppox virus are all breeds of wild and domesticated sheep. However, those animals native to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
African Swine Fever Virus
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large, double-stranded DNA virus in the ''Asfarviridae'' family. It is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF). The virus causes a haemorrhagic fever, hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates in domestic pigs; some isolates can cause death of animals as quickly as a week after infection. It persistently infects its natural hosts, warthogs, bushpigs, and soft ticks of the genus ''Ornithodoros'', which likely act as a vector (epidemiology), vector, with no disease signs. It does not cause disease in humans. ASFV is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and exists in the wild through a cycle of infection between ticks and wild pigs, bushpigs, and warthogs. The disease was first described after European settlers brought pigs into areas endemic with ASFV, and as such, is an example of an emerging infectious disease. ASFV replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells. It is the only virus with a double-stranded DNA genome known to be transmi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
