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Pentatricopeptide Repeat
The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) is a 35-amino acid sequence motif. Pentatricopeptide-repeat-containing proteins are a family of proteins commonly found in the plant kingdom. They are distinguished by the presence of tandem degenerate PPR motifs and by the relative lack of introns in the genes coding for them. Approximately 450 such proteins have been identified in the Arabidopsis genome, and another 477 in the rice genome. Despite the large size of the protein family, genetic data suggest that there is little or no redundancy of function between the PPR proteins in ''Arabidopsis''. The purpose of PPR proteins is currently under dispute. It has been shown that a good deal of those in ''Arabidopsis'' interact (often essentially) with mitochondria and other organelles and that they are possibly involved in RNA editing. However many trans proteins are required for this editing to occur and research continues to look at which proteins are needed. The structure of the PPR has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amino Acid
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although hundreds of amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the alpha-amino acids, which comprise proteins. Only 22 alpha amino acids appear in the genetic code. Amino acids can be classified according to the locations of the core structural functional groups, as Alpha and beta carbon, alpha- , beta- , gamma- or delta- amino acids; other categories relate to Chemical polarity, polarity, ionization, and side chain group type (aliphatic, Open-chain compound, acyclic, aromatic, containing hydroxyl or sulfur, etc.). In the form of proteins, amino acid '' residues'' form the second-largest component (water being the largest) of human muscles and other tissues. Beyond their role as residues in proteins, amino acids participate in a number of processes such as neurotransmitter transport and biosynthesis. It is thought that they played a key role in enabling life ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LRPPRC
Leucine-rich PPR motif-containing protein, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LRPPRC'' gene. Transcripts ranging in size from 4.8 to 7.0 kb which result from alternative polyadenylation have been reported for this gene. Function This gene encodes a protein that is leucine-rich and is thought to play a role in regulating the interaction of the cytoskeleton with a variety of cellular processes. Clinical significance An integrative genomics strategy led to the discovery that mutations in LRPPRC cause the French-Canadian variant of Leigh syndrome. Furthermore, mutation in the LRPPRC gene causes lowered expression of MT-CO1 (cytochrome c oxidase I) and MT-CO3 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III (COX3) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MT-CO3'' gene. It is one of main transmembrane subunits of cytochrome c oxidase. It is also one of the three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoded subunits (MT .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DENND4A
C-myc promoter-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''DENND4A'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba .... References Further reading * * * * * * External links * * {{gene-15-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TAL Effector
TAL (transcription activator-like) effectors (often referred to as TALEs, but not to be confused with the three amino acid loop extension homeobox class of proteins) are proteins secreted by some β- and γ-proteobacteria. Most of these are Xanthomonads. Plant pathogenic ''Xanthomonas'' bacteria are especially known for TALEs, produced via their type III secretion system. These proteins can bind promoter sequences in the host plant and activate the expression of plant genes that aid bacterial infection. The TALE domain responsible for binding to DNA is known to have 1.5 to 33.5 short sequences that are repeated multiple times (tandem repeats). Each of these repeats was found to be specific for a certain base pair of the DNA. These repeats also have repeat variable residues (RVD) that can detect specific DNA base pairs. They recognize plant DNA sequences through a central repeat domain consisting of a variable number of ~34 amino acid repeats. There appears to be a one-to-one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetratricopeptide
The tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) is a structural motif. It consists of a Degeneracy (biology), degenerate 34 amino acid protein tandem repeats, tandem repeat identified in a wide variety of proteins. It is found in tandem arrays of 3–16 motifs, which form scaffolds to mediate protein–protein interactions and often the assembly of multiprotein complexes. These alpha-helix pair repeats usually protein folding, fold together to produce a single, linear solenoid protein domain, solenoid domain called a TPR domain. Proteins with such domains include the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) subunits CDC16, cdc16, CDC23, cdc23 and CDC27, cdc27, the NADPH oxidase subunit neutrophil cytosolic factor 2, p67-phox, hsp90-binding immunophilins, transcription factors, the protein kinase R (PKR), the major receptor for peroxisomal matrix protein import PEX5, protein arginine methyltransferase 9 (PRMT9), and mitochondrial import proteins. Structure The structure of the PPP5C, PP5 protein w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sequence Motif
In biology, a sequence motif is a nucleotide or amino-acid sequence pattern that is widespread and usually assumed to be related to biological function of the macromolecule. For example, an ''N''-glycosylation site motif can be defined as ''Asn, followed by anything but Pro, followed by either Ser or Thr, followed by anything but Pro residue''. Overview When a sequence motif appears in the exon of a gene, it may encode the "structural motif" of a protein; that is a stereotypical element of the overall structure of the protein. Nevertheless, motifs need not be associated with a distinctive secondary structure. " Noncoding" sequences are not translated into proteins, and nucleic acids with such motifs need not deviate from the typical shape (e.g. the "B-form" DNA double helix). Outside of gene exons, there exist regulatory sequence motifs and motifs within the " junk", such as satellite DNA. Some of these are believed to affect the shape of nucleic acids (see for example RN ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
