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Pensions In France
Pensions in France fall into five major divisions; * Non-contributory minimum pension *Mandatory state pension provision (first pillar) *Mandatory occupational pension provision (second pillar) *Voluntary private collective pension provision (third pillar) *Voluntary private individual pension provision (third pillar). Non-contributory minimum pension This minimum pension (''Allocation de Solidarité aux Personnes Agées'' in French) is the first level of the first pillar of the French pension system. The ASPA is a monthly benefit paid to low-income seniors, whether or not they are former employees. It is not a retirement pension: it is financed by the State, not by social contributions. It is a "social minimum", like the RSA (revenu de solidarité active). Since January 1, 2006, it has replaced the multiple components of the minimum old-age pension or the '' "Minimum vieillesse" '' in french. This pension is paid by the CNAV, the Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Vieillesse, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Pension
A social pension (or non-contributory pension) is a stream of payments from state to an individual that starts when someone retires and continues in payment until death. It is a part of a pension system of most developed countries, specifically the so-called zero or first pillar of the pension system, which is a part of state social security system. The social pension is different from other types of pension since its eligibility criteria do not require former contributions of an individual, but citizenship or residency and age or other criteria set by government. History The need for a social pension comes from the times of industrial revolution, when the new economic system boosted the mobility of workers, but loosened ties between family members, whose solidarity was protecting people from personal economic deprivation. This, along with impractical voluntary thrift and insurance, resulted in many workers retiring without any source of income. The first step in forming cash tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Profit Sharing
Profit sharing is various incentive plans introduced by businesses that provide direct or indirect payments to employees that depend on company's profitability in addition to employees' regular salary and bonuses. In publicly traded companies these plans typically amount to allocation of shares to employees. The profit sharing plans are based on predetermined economic sharing rules that define the split of gains between the company as a principal and the employee as an agent.Moffatt, Mike. (2008) About.com Sharing Rule' Economics Glossary; Terms Beginning with S. Accessed June 19, 2008. For example, suppose the profits are x, which might be a random variable. Before knowing the profits, the principal and agent might agree on a sharing rule s(x). Here, the agent will receive s(x) and the principal will receive the residual gain x-s(x). Profit-sharing tends to lead to less conflict and more cooperation between labor and their employers. History Profit sharing has been common amon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pensions In France
Pensions in France fall into five major divisions; * Non-contributory minimum pension *Mandatory state pension provision (first pillar) *Mandatory occupational pension provision (second pillar) *Voluntary private collective pension provision (third pillar) *Voluntary private individual pension provision (third pillar). Non-contributory minimum pension This minimum pension (''Allocation de Solidarité aux Personnes Agées'' in French) is the first level of the first pillar of the French pension system. The ASPA is a monthly benefit paid to low-income seniors, whether or not they are former employees. It is not a retirement pension: it is financed by the State, not by social contributions. It is a "social minimum", like the RSA (revenu de solidarité active). Since January 1, 2006, it has replaced the multiple components of the minimum old-age pension or the '' "Minimum vieillesse" '' in french. This pension is paid by the CNAV, the Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Vieillesse, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Pierre Thiollet
Jean-Pierre Thiollet (; born 9 December 1956) is a French writer and journalist. Primarily living in Paris, he is the author of numerous books and one of the national leaders of the European Confederation of Independent Trade Unions (CEDI), a European employers' organization. Career He attended school in Châtellerault, before his studies in Poitiers classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles and his degrees in Parisian universities ( Pantheon-Sorbonne University, University of Paris III:Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris-Sorbonne University). In 1978, he was admitted to Saint-Cyr (Coëtquidan). During the 1980s and till the mid-1990s, he was a member of a French Press organization for Music-hall, Circus, Dance and Arts presided by a well known journalist in France, Jacqueline Cartier, with authors or notable personalities as Pierre Cardin, Guy des Cars, and Francis Fehr. From 1982 to 1986, he was victim of illegal wiretaps (organized by the French President François Mitte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2010 French Pension Reform Strikes
The 2010 pension reform strikes in France were a series of general strikes and demonstrations which occurred in France throughout September and October 2010. They involved union members from both the private and public sectors protesting in cities, including Bordeaux, Lille, Lyon, Marseille, Paris, Toulouse, Montpellier and Strasbourg, against a proposal by the French government to raise the normal retirement age for public pensions from 65 to 67 and early reduced pensions from age 60 to 62, which the Assemblée nationale has approved, while temporary pre-crisis taxes cuts are maintained for the benefit of the richest individuals and companies, and top government officials are subject to an ongoing corruption inquiry. Those who object to the changes say the poorest will be most affected by them. The strikes have led to a reduction in public transport services, motorway blockages by lorry drivers and disruption to oil deliveries to refineries leading to a national fuel shortage. Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Retirement Age
This article lists the statutory retirement age in different countries. Background In some contexts, the retirement age is the age at which a person is expected or required to cease work. It is usually the age at which such a person may be entitled to receive superannuation or other government benefits, like a state pension. Policymakers usually consider the demography, fiscal cost of aging, health, life expectancy, nature of the profession, supply of labor force, etc. while taking the retirement age into account. The increase in life expectancy is used in some jurisdictions as an argument to increase the age of retirement in the 21st century. Retirement age by country and region Many of the countries listed in the table below, are in the process of reforming the retirement ages (see the notes in the table for details). The ages in the table shows when an individual retires if they retire/have retired in the year given in the table. The trend in some countries is that in the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pan-European Pension
The Pan-European Pension Product (PEPP) or like Pan-European Personal Pension Product is a proposed pension which will be available to residents of the European Union. The PEPP is designed to give the 240 million savers in the EU a better choice in the fragmented and uneven European market, where options are nearly non-existent in some member states. PEPPs are regulated by the Regulation 2019/1238. This regulation lays the legal foundation for a single European market for personal pensions. The PEPP will be complementary to existing state, occupational and private pension systems on national level. After endorsement by the European Parliament and official adoption by the European Council the PEPP regulation was published in July 2019 and will enter into application in August 2020. The first PEPPs are expected to be offered in late 2021. Valdis Dombrovskis, a vice-president of the European Commission responsible for financial services, said "It has enormous potential as it will off ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Security In France
Social security (french: sécurité sociale) is divided by the French government into five branches: illness; old age/retirement; family; work accident; and occupational disease. From an institutional point of view, French social security is made up of diverse . The system is divided into three main : the General Regime, the Farm Regime, and the Self-employed Regime. In addition there are numerous special regimes dating from prior to the creation of the state system in the mid-to-late 1940s. The main concept is that a unique and central institution will pay for all medical costs and pensions so as to provide an equal level of coverage to the whole population. All incomes (salaries, dividends...) are taxed to fund this system. The main advantage is that its negotiating power lowers very significantly the price of medicine and the system covers systematically all expenses without limit (100% coverage for any long term or critical problem such as diabetes, cancer....). The main dra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Special Retirement Plan
In France employees of some government-owned corporations enjoy a special retirement plan, collectively known as ''régimes spéciaux de retraite''. These professions include employees of the SNCF (national railways), the RATP (Parisian transport), the electrical and gas companies ( EDF and GDF) which used to be government-owned; as well as some employees whose functions are directly related to the State such as the military, French National Police, sailors, Civil law notaries' assistants, employees of the Opéra de Paris, etc. The main differences between the special retirement plan and the usual private sector retirement plans are the retirement age and the number of years a worker must contribute to the fund before being allowed a full pension. In the private sector the minimum retirement age is 62 (since 2010, previously was 60) and the minimum number of quarters of contribution to the retirement fund in order to receive a full pension is between 166 and 172 quarters depen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Income Tax
An income tax is a tax imposed on individuals or entities (taxpayers) in respect of the income or profits earned by them (commonly called taxable income). Income tax generally is computed as the product of a tax rate times the taxable income. Taxation rates may vary by type or characteristics of the taxpayer and the type of income. The tax rate may increase as taxable income increases (referred to as graduated or progressive tax rates). The tax imposed on companies is usually known as corporate tax and is commonly levied at a flat rate. Individual income is often taxed at progressive rates where the tax rate applied to each additional unit of income increases (e.g., the first $10,000 of income taxed at 0%, the next $10,000 taxed at 1%, etc.). Most jurisdictions exempt local charitable organizations from tax. Income from investments may be taxed at different (generally lower) rates than other types of income. Credits of various sorts may be allowed that reduce tax. Some jurisdicti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonus Payment
A bonus payment is usually made to employees in addition to their base salary as part of their wages or salary. While the base salary usually is a fixed amount per month, bonus payments more often than not vary depending on known criteria, such as the annual turnover, or the net number of additional customers acquired, or the current value of the stock of a public company. Thus bonus payments can act as incentives for managers attracting their attention and their personal interest towards what is seen as gainful for their companies' economic success. There are widely‐used elements of pay for performance and working well in many instances, including when a fair share of an employees participation in the success of a company is desired. There are, however, problematic instances, most notably when bonus payments are high. When they are tied to possibly short-lived figures such as an increase in monthly turnover, or cash flow generated from an isolated marketing action, such figure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
