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Parischnogaster Striatula
''Parischnogaster striatula'' is a species of social hover wasps found in Southeast Asia. Their nests are uniquely shaped, mimic their surroundings and, like the other Stenogastrinae social wasps, lack a nest pedicel. They are also unique in their use of glandular secretion when laying eggs. ''P. striatula'' is also different than typical wasps because the queens are not the only ones who possess reproductive capabilities; other females also have developed ovaries. This wasp is also known for fiercely protecting its nest against enemies, such as ants or other hornets. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''P. striatula'' is under the subfamily Stenogastrinae, sometimes known as hover wasps. While the Stenogastrinae taxonomy and phylogeny are still under study, it is known that ''Parischnogaster'' species are split into two subcategories, with ''P. striatula'' being closely related to '' P. alternata''. Together, these two species make up the striatula group. Description and identification ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Du Buysson
Robert François du Buysson (Born 6 May 1861 - Broût-Vernet (Allier) - Deceased 16 March 1946 - Saint-Rémy-la-Varenne (Maine-et-Loire)), was a French naturalist. Biography He is the son of botanist :fr:François-Charles du Buysson (1825-1906) and Mathilde de Montaignac (1829-1899) and the brother of entomologist :fr:Henri du Buysson. Having developed a taste for herbariums at a very young age and a keen sense of observation, Robert du Buysson began to study the mosses of his native region rapidly expanding his field of study to lichens and vascular cryptogams. From 1888 to 1893 he published an inventory of vascular cryptogams of Europe in the Scientific Review of Bourbonnais and the Centre of France. In the field of bryology, the name of Robert du Buysson remains attached to two species: '' Orthorichum berthoumieui'', named in honor of Father Berthoumieu with whom he studied the mosses around Saint-Pourçain (Allier), and '' Barbula buyssoni''. Robert du Buysson disting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stenogastrinae
The Stenogastrinae are a subfamily of social wasps included in the family Vespidae. They are sometimes called hover wasps owing to the particular hovering flight of some species. Their morphology and biology present interesting peculiarities. Systematic position The first reports on stenogastrine wasps can be found in a book of Guérin de Méneville (1831) with the first known species, ''Stenogaster fulgipennis''. Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure treated their systematic position and remarked that these wasps were, in all their characters, entirely intermediate between the two subfamilies of Eumeninae and Vespinae. In 1927, Anton von Schulthess-Rechberg created the new genus ''Parischnogaster'' for some species living in the Oriental region. Dutch entomologist Jacobus van der Vecht created four new genera including species from the entire area of distribution and described tens of new species. He revised the two Papuan genera'' Anischnogaster'' and ''Stenogaster '' and the or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parischnogaster Striatula Baracchi David
''Parischnogaster'' is a genus of hover wasps from the subfamily Stenogastrinae, a subfamily of eusocial wasps endemic to the Oriental Region which are included in the family Vespidae. Species The following species are some of those included within the genus ''Parischnogaster'': *'' Parischnogaster albofasciata'' Selis, 2018 *''Parischnogaster alternata'' Sakag., 1969 *'' Parischnogaster aurifrons'' (Smith, 1862) *'' Parischnogaster carepenteri'' Selis, 2018 *'' Parischnogaster curvylypeus'' Selis, 2018 *'' Parischnogaster depressigaster'' Rohwer, 1919 *''Parischnogaster giglii'' Selis, 2015 *'' Parischnogaster gracilipes'' (Vecht, 1977) *'' Parischnogaster jacobsoni'' ( R. du Buysson, 1913) *''Parischnogaster mellyi'' (de Saussure, 1852) *''Parischnogaster mindanaobis'' Selis, 2018 *''Parischnogaster nigerrima'' Selis, 2018 *''Parischnogaster nigricans'' ( Cameron, 1902) **''Parischnogaster nigricans serrei'' ( R. du Buysson, 1905) *''Parischnogaster nigriterga'' Selis, 2018 *' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parischnogaster Alternata
The Black hover wasp, ''Parischnogaster alternata'', is a eusocial wasp in the genus ''Parischnogaster''. It is native to South-East Asia, and builds its nests in cavities located in dark and damp locations.Bolton, A. "Colony Genetic Structure in a Facultatively Eusocial Hover Wasp." Behavioral Ecology 17.6 (2006): 873-80. Web.Coster-Longman, Christina. "Laboratory Observations on the Social Behaviour of ''Parischnogaster Alternata'' (Vespidae Stenogastrinae)."Ethology Ecology & Evolution 6.Sup1 (1994): 31-36. Web. The nests of Black hover wasps are often found in clusters, which serves as a passive defense mechanism against predators.Landi, M., C. Coster-Longman, and S. Turillazzi. "Are the Selfish Herd and the Dilution Effects Important in Promoting Nest Clustering in the Hover Wasp (Stenogastrinae Vespidae Hymenoptera)?" Ethology Ecology & Evolution 14.4 (2002): 297-305. Web. The annual colony cycle begins with nest initiation by a single foundress though colonies typically c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clypeus (arthropod Anatomy)
The clypeus is one of the sclerites that make up the face of an arthropod. In insects, the clypeus delimits the lower margin of the face, with the labrum articulated along the ventral margin of the clypeus. The mandibles bracket the labrum, but do not touch the clypeus. The dorsal margin of the clypeus is below the antennal sockets. The clypeus is often well-defined by sulci ("grooves") along its lateral and dorsal margins, and is most commonly rectangular or trapezoidal in overall shape. The post-clypeus is a large nose-like structure that lies between the eyes and makes up much of the front of the head in cicadas. In spiders, the clypeus is generally the area between the anterior edge of the carapace A carapace is a Dorsum (biology), dorsal (upper) section of the exoskeleton or shell in a number of animal groups, including arthropods, such as crustaceans and arachnids, as well as vertebrates, such as turtles and tortoises. In turtles and tor ... and the anterior eyes. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parischnogaster Striatula David Baracchi
''Parischnogaster'' is a genus of hover wasps from the subfamily Stenogastrinae, a subfamily of eusocial wasps endemic to the Oriental Region which are included in the family Vespidae. Species The following species are some of those included within the genus ''Parischnogaster'': *'' Parischnogaster albofasciata'' Selis, 2018 *''Parischnogaster alternata'' Sakag., 1969 *'' Parischnogaster aurifrons'' (Smith, 1862) *'' Parischnogaster carepenteri'' Selis, 2018 *'' Parischnogaster curvylypeus'' Selis, 2018 *'' Parischnogaster depressigaster'' Rohwer, 1919 *''Parischnogaster giglii'' Selis, 2015 *'' Parischnogaster gracilipes'' (Vecht, 1977) *'' Parischnogaster jacobsoni'' ( R. du Buysson, 1913) *''Parischnogaster mellyi'' (de Saussure, 1852) *''Parischnogaster mindanaobis'' Selis, 2018 *''Parischnogaster nigerrima'' Selis, 2018 *''Parischnogaster nigricans'' ( Cameron, 1902) **''Parischnogaster nigricans serrei'' ( R. du Buysson, 1905) *''Parischnogaster nigriterga'' Selis, 2018 *' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ovaries
The ovary is an organ in the female reproductive system that produces an ovum. When released, this travels down the fallopian tube into the uterus, where it may become fertilized by a sperm. There is an ovary () found on each side of the body. The ovaries also secrete hormones that play a role in the menstrual cycle and fertility. The ovary progresses through many stages beginning in the prenatal period through menopause. It is also an endocrine gland because of the various hormones that it secretes. Structure The ovaries are considered the female gonads. Each ovary is whitish in color and located alongside the lateral wall of the uterus in a region called the ovarian fossa. The ovarian fossa is the region that is bounded by the external iliac artery and in front of the ureter and the internal iliac artery. This area is about 4 cm x 3 cm x 2 cm in size.Daftary, Shirish; Chakravarti, Sudip (2011). Manual of Obstetrics, 3rd Edition. Elsevier. pp. 1-16. . The ovarie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Instar
An instar (, from the Latin '' īnstar'', "form", "likeness") is a developmental stage of arthropods, such as insects, between each moult (''ecdysis''), until sexual maturity is reached. Arthropods must shed the exoskeleton in order to grow or assume a new form. Differences between instars can often be seen in altered body proportions, colors, patterns, changes in the number of body segments or head width. After shedding their exoskeleton (moulting), the juvenile arthropods continue in their life cycle until they either pupate or moult again. The instar period of growth is fixed; however, in some insects, like the salvinia stem-borer moth, the number of instars depends on early larval nutrition. Some arthropods can continue to moult after sexual maturity, but the stages between these subsequent moults are generally not called instars. For most insect species, an ''instar'' is the developmental stage of the larval forms of holometabolous (complete metamorphism) or nymphal forms o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dufour’s Gland
Dufour's gland is an abdominal gland of certain insects, part of the anatomy of the ovipositor or sting apparatus in female members of Apocrita. The diversification of Hymenoptera took place in the Cretaceous and the gland may have developed at about this time (200 million years ago) as it is present in all three groups of Apocrita, the wasps, bees and ants. Structure Dufour’s gland was first described by Léon Jean Marie Dufour in 1841. Along with the spermatheca and the poison gland, it develops as an invagination of valves of the sternum. It empties at the base of the ovipositor in ants but into the dorsal vaginal wall in bees and wasps. The gland is lined by a single layer of Epithelium, epithelial cells which secrete substances into the hollow interior. Muscles round the opening of the duct may help control the outflow. Function The purpose of Dufour’s gland is to secrete chemicals, but the nature of the secretions and their function differs in various hymenopteran groups. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mimicry
In evolutionary biology, mimicry is an evolved resemblance between an organism and another object, often an organism of another species. Mimicry may evolve between different species, or between individuals of the same species. Often, mimicry functions to protect a species from predators, making it an anti-predator adaptation. Mimicry evolves if a receiver (such as a predator) perceives the similarity between a mimic (the organism that has a resemblance) and a model (the organism it resembles) and as a result changes its behaviour in a way that provides a selective advantage to the mimic. The resemblances that evolve in mimicry can be visual, acoustic, chemical, tactile, or electric, or combinations of these sensory modalities. Mimicry may be to the advantage of both organisms that share a resemblance, in which case it is a form of mutualism; or mimicry can be to the detriment of one, making it parasitic or competitive. The evolutionary convergence between groups is driven by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parischnogaster Striatula - David Baracchi
''Parischnogaster'' is a genus of hover wasps from the subfamily Stenogastrinae, a subfamily of eusocial wasps endemic to the Oriental Region which are included in the family Vespidae. Species The following species are some of those included within the genus ''Parischnogaster'': *'' Parischnogaster albofasciata'' Selis, 2018 *''Parischnogaster alternata'' Sakag., 1969 *'' Parischnogaster aurifrons'' (Smith, 1862) *'' Parischnogaster carepenteri'' Selis, 2018 *'' Parischnogaster curvylypeus'' Selis, 2018 *'' Parischnogaster depressigaster'' Rohwer, 1919 *''Parischnogaster giglii'' Selis, 2015 *'' Parischnogaster gracilipes'' (Vecht, 1977) *'' Parischnogaster jacobsoni'' ( R. du Buysson, 1913) *''Parischnogaster mellyi'' (de Saussure, 1852) *''Parischnogaster mindanaobis'' Selis, 2018 *''Parischnogaster nigerrima'' Selis, 2018 *''Parischnogaster nigricans'' ( Cameron, 1902) **''Parischnogaster nigricans serrei'' ( R. du Buysson, 1905) *''Parischnogaster nigriterga'' Selis, 2018 *' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antimicrobial
An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth. Antimicrobial medicines can be grouped according to the microorganisms they act primarily against. For example, antibiotics are used against bacteria, and antifungals are used against fungi. They can also be classified according to their function. Agents that kill microbes are microbicides, while those that merely inhibit their growth are called bacteriostatic agents. The use of antimicrobial medicines to treat infection is known as antimicrobial chemotherapy, while the use of antimicrobial medicines to prevent infection is known as antimicrobial prophylaxis. The main classes of antimicrobial agents are disinfectants (non-selective agents, such as bleach), which kill a wide range of microbes on non-living surfaces to prevent the spread of illness, antiseptics (which are applied to living tissue and help reduce infection during surgery), and antibiotics (which destroy microorganisms within the body). The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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