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Papilio Sataspes
''Papilio sataspes'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in Sulawesi and Banggai. Subspecies *''Papilio sataspes sataspes'' (Sulawesi) *''Papilio sataspes artaphernes'' Honrath, 1886 (Bangkai Island) Taxonomy ''Papilio sataspes'' is a member of the ''helenus'' species-group. The members of this clade are *''Papilio helenus'' Linnaeus, 1758 *'' Papilio iswara'' White, 1842 *'' Papilio iswaroides'' Fruhstorfer, 1898 *''Papilio nephelus ''Papilio nephelus'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly belonging to the family Papilionidae. Subspecies include ''P. n. chaon'', the yellow Helen, and ''P. n. sunatus'', the black and white Helen. Description ''Papilio nephelus'' has a wi ...'' Boisduval, 1836 *'' Papilio nubilus'' Staudinger, 1895 *''Papilio sataspes'' C. & R. Felder, 1865 Protection Protected in Bantimurung – Bulusaraung National Park. References sataspes Butterflies described in 1865 Butterflies of Indonesia Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baron Cajetan Von Felder
Baron Cajetan von Felder (german: link=no, Cajetan Freiherr von Felder; 19 September 1814 – 30 November 1894) was an Austrian lawyer, entomologist and liberal politician. He served as mayor of Vienna from 1868 to 1878. Life and career Felder was born in Wieden, today the fourth district of Vienna. An orphan from 1826, he attended the ''Gymnasium'' of Seitenstetten Abbey, as well as schools in Brno and Vienna, and began to study law at the University of Vienna in 1834. He completed his legal internship in Brno and articled clerk in Vienna, obtaining his doctorate in 1841. Since 1835 he had made intensive travels throughout Western and Southern Europe, mostly on foot, and studied foreign languages. From 1843 he also worked as an assistant at the Theresianum academy and as a court interpreter in Vienna, before passing the Austrian bar examination in 1848, only a few days before the outbreak of the March Revolution. In October 1848 Felder was elected to the newly established m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Helenus
''Papilio helenus'', the red Helen, is a large swallowtail butterfly found in forests of southern India and parts of southeast Asia. Range ''Papilio helenus'' is rarely found in Sri Lanka, southern and north-east India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Kampuchea, Vietnam, southern China (including Hainan, Guangdong province), Taiwan, southern Japan, South Korea, Ryukyu Islands, peninsular and eastern Malaysia, Brunei, Philippines, and Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Bangka, Kalimantan, the Lesser Sunda Islands except Tanimbar). In India it occurs along the Western Ghats from Kerala to Gujarat, also Palnis and Shevaroys, in the north from Mussoorie eastwards, to north-east India and onto Myanmar. Description Status ''Papilio helenus'' is generally uncommon and slightly threatened ( in certain places) . It is very commonly found Maharashtra, but also rarely in Gujarat and parts of Kerala. Its history can be traced back to Assam and Western Ghats, where it is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butterflies Of Indonesia
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily (zoology), superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea"), and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as like most insects they undergo Holometabolism, complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butterflies Described In 1865
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea"), and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as like most insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, and after its wings have expanded and dried, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Nubilus
''Papilio nubilus'' is a rare species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that can be found in Borneo. Previously listed as a distinct species ( D'Abrera 1982, Munroe 1961), but now regarded (by Collins & Morris 1985, Tsukada & Nishiyama 1982: 307) as an interspecific hybrid between ''Papilio nephelus'' and ''Papilio polytes''. Subspecies *''Papilio nubilus nubilus'' (northern Borneo) *''Papilio nubilus musianus'' Rothschild, 1899 (Upper Palembang district) Taxonomy ''Papilio nubilus'' is a member of the ''helenus'' species-group. Other members of this clade are *''Papilio helenus'' Linnaeus, 1758 *''Papilio iswara'' White, 1842 *''Papilio iswaroides'' Fruhstorfer, 1898 *''Papilio nephelus ''Papilio nephelus'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly belonging to the family Papilionidae. Subspecies include ''P. n. chaon'', the yellow Helen, and ''P. n. sunatus'', the black and white Helen. Description ''Papilio nephelus'' has a wi ...'' Boisduval, 1836 *'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Nephelus
''Papilio nephelus'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly belonging to the family Papilionidae. Subspecies include ''P. n. chaon'', the yellow Helen, and ''P. n. sunatus'', the black and white Helen. Description ''Papilio nephelus'' has a wingspan reaching about . The basic colour of the wings is black, with a chain of white spots on the forewing and a large white or yellow area on the hindwing. The underside and the upperside of the wings in this species are very similar. The hindwings have wavy margins, with long tails. The thorax and the abdomen are black. ''Papilio nephelus'' superficially closely resembles '' P. helenus''. The differences are, however, both of structure and of colour. Male forewing upperside: entirely without the thick coating of short hairs on the outer half. Upperside: black with a sprinkling of yellowish-brown scales on the forewing, that form four longitudinal streaks on the cell and internervular streaks on the outer half. Hindwing: the upper discal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Iswaroides
''Papilio iswaroides'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in Malaysia and Sumatra. It was first described by German entomologist Hans Fruhstorfer in 1898. Subspecies *''Papilio iswaroides iswaroides'' (Sumatra) *''Papilio iswaroides curtisi'' Jordan, 1909 (Peninsular Malaya) Taxonomy ''Papilio iswaroides'' is a member of the ''helenus'' species-group. The members of this clade are *''Papilio helenus'' Linnaeus, 1758 *''Papilio iswara'' White, 1842 *''Papilio iswaroides'' Fruhstorfer, 1898 *''Papilio nephelus'' Boisduval, 1836 *''Papilio nubilus'' Staudinger, 1895 *''Papilio sataspes ''Papilio sataspes'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in Sulawesi and Banggai. Subspecies *''Papilio sataspes sataspes'' (Sulawesi) *''Papilio sataspes artaphernes'' Honrath, 1886 (Bangkai Island) ...'' C. & R. Felder, 1865 References iswaroides Butterflies described in 1898 Butterflies of Indo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Iswara
''Papilio iswara'', the great Helen, is a species of large swallowtail butterfly found in parts of Southeast Asia. Status ''Papilio iswara'' is not uncommon and not Threatened species, threatened. Subspecies *''Papilio iswara iswara'' (southern Burma to Singapore, Sumatra, Bangka) *''Papilio iswara araspes'' C. & R. Felder, 1859 (northern Borneo, Natuna Island) Taxonomy ''Papilio iswara'' is a member of the ''helenus'' species group. The members of this Cladistics, clade are: *''Papilio helenus'' Linnaeus, 1758 *''Papilio iswara'' White, 1842 *''Papilio iswaroides'' Fruhstorfer, 1898 *''Papilio nephelus'' Boisduval, 1836 *''Papilio nubilus'' Staudinger, 1895 *''Papilio sataspes'' C. & R. Felder, 1865 Type material The holotype is conserved in the Natural History Museum, London. References *Adam White (zoologist), White, A., 1842, Notice of two New Species of ''Papilio'' from Penang, presented to the British Museum by Sir. Wm. Norris. ''Entomological Magazine, Entomologist'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladistics
Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (" clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies'')'' that are not present in more distant groups and ancestors. However, from an empirical perspective, common ancestors are inferences based on a cladistic hypothesis of relationships of taxa whose character states can be observed. Theoretically, a last common ancestor and all its descendants constitute a (minimal) clade. Importantly, all descendants stay in their overarching ancestral clade. For example, if the terms ''worms'' or ''fishes'' were used within a ''strict'' cladistic framework, these terms would include humans. Many of these terms are normally used paraphyletically, outside of cladistics, e.g. as a 'grade', which are fruitless to precisely delineate, especially when including extinct species. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudolf Felder
Rudolf Felder (2 May 1842 in Vienna – 29 March 1871 in Vienna) was an Austrian jurist and entomologist. He was mainly interested in Lepidoptera, amassing, with his father, Cajetan Felder, a huge collection. Works *with Cajetan Felder, Lepidopterologische Fragmente. ''Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift'' 3:390–405. (1859) *Lepidopterorum Amboinensium a Dre L. Doleschall annis 1856 - 1868 collectorum species novae, diagnostibus collustratae. ''Sitzungsberichten der k. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien'', Jahr. (1860 or 1861). *with Cajetan Felder and Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer (22 December 1831, in Vienna – 15 January 1897, in Vienna) was an Austrian entomologist. He was a curator at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, where he was the first keeper of the Lepidoptera. Rogenhofer was ma ... ''Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde''. . . .. Zool. Theil. Vol. 2, Part 2. Lepidoptera. (Vienna) (1865). References * Schiner, J. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Group
In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each other, further blurring any distinctions. Terms that are sometimes used synonymously but have more precise meanings are cryptic species for two or more species hidden under one species name, sibling species for two (or more) species that are each other's closest relative, and species flock for a group of closely related species that live in the same habitat. As informal taxonomic ranks, species group, species aggregate, macrospecies, and superspecies are also in use. Two or more taxa that were once considered conspecific (of the same species) may later be subdivided into infraspecific taxa (taxa within a species, such as bacterial strains or plant varieties), that is complex but it is not a species complex. A species complex is in most cas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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