|
Pama–Nyungan Languages
The Pama–Nyungan languages are the most widespread family of Australian Aboriginal languages, containing 306 out of 400 Aboriginal languages in Australia. The name "Pama–Nyungan" is a merism: it derived from the two end-points of the range: the Pama languages of northeast Australia (where the word for "man" is ) and the Nyungan languages of southwest Australia (where the word for "man" is ). The other language families indigenous to the continent of Australia are occasionally referred to, by exclusion, as non-Pama–Nyungan languages, though this is not a taxonomic term. The Pama–Nyungan family accounts for most of the geographic spread, most of the Aboriginal population, and the greatest number of languages. Most of the Pama–Nyungan languages are spoken by small ethnic groups of hundreds of speakers or fewer. The vast majority of languages, either due to disease or elimination of their speakers, have become extinct, and almost all remaining ones are endangered in some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, smaller islands. With an area of , Australia is the largest country by area in Oceania and the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, sixth-largest country. Australia is the oldest, flattest, and driest inhabited continent, with the least fertile soils. It is a Megadiverse countries, megadiverse country, and its size gives it a wide variety of landscapes and climates, with Deserts of Australia, deserts in the centre, tropical Forests of Australia, rainforests in the north-east, and List of mountains in Australia, mountain ranges in the south-east. The ancestors of Aboriginal Australians began arriving from south east Asia approximately Early human migrations#Nearby Oceania, 65,000 years ago, during the Last Glacial Period, last i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anewan Languages
Anaiwan (Anēwan) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of New South Wales. Since 2017, there has been a revival program underway to bring the language back. Classification Once included in the Kuric languages, Bowern (2011) classifies Nganyaywana as a separate Anēwan (Anaiwan) branch of the Pama–Nyungan languages. Dialects Besides Nganyaywana, Anewan may include Enneewin, with which shares about 65% of its vocabulary. Crowley (1976) counts these as distinct languages, whereas Wafer and Lissarrague (2008) consider them to be dialects. See also * Dyangadi languages References External links Bibliography of Nganyaywana language and people resources at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies The Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS), established as the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies (AIAS) in 1964, is an independent Australian Government statutory authority. It is a coll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marrngu Languages
The Marrngu languages are a branch of the Pama–Nyungan language family of Australia. There are four members of the family, which all originated in Western Australia. *Mangala (Mangarla) *Marrngu proper **Karajarri (Garadjari) ** Nyangumarta (Njangumarta) Vocabulary Capell Capell or Capel is a surname. Notable people with the name include: Capell * Arthur Capell, 1st Baron Capell of Hadham (1608–1649), English politician * Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex (1631–1683), English statesman * Arthur Capell (1902–1 ... (1940) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Marrngu languages:Capell, Arthur. 1940The Classification of Languages in North and North-West Australia ''Oceania'' 10(3): 241-272, 404-433. : References {{Australian Aboriginal languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngayarta Languages
The Ngayarda (''Ngayarta'' /ŋajaʈa/) languages are a group of closely related languages in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. The languages classified as members of the Ngayarda languages group are (following Bowern & Koch 2004): * Martuthunira * Ngarluma-Kariyarra *Yindjibarndi– Kurrama * Panyjima * Jurruru *Nyamal * Yinhawangka * Ngarla * Nhuwala *Palyku Dench (1995) says that for Yinhawangka, Nhuwala and Ngarla there is insufficient data to enable them to be confidently classified, and he places them in Ngayarda for convenience. However, Bowern & Koch (2004) include them without proviso. Further, there are grounds for considering Yindjibarndi-Kurrama and Ngarluma-Kariyarra to be dialect pairs, though the indigenous perception is that they are separate languages. Palyku has sometimes been excluded; it is somewhat divergent. The name ''ngayarda'' comes from the word for "man" in many of the languages of the group. They form a branch of the Pama–Nyungan family. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanyara–Mantharta Languages
The Kanyara and Mantharta languages form a western branch of the Pama–Nyungan family.Bowern, Claire. 2011.How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?, ''Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web'', December 23, 2011correctedFebruary 6, 2012) References {{DEFAULTSORT:Kanyara-Mantharta languages Southwest Pama–Nyungan languages Indigenous Australian languages in Western Australia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kartu Languages
The Kartu languages is a group of Indigenous Australian languages spoken in the Murchison and Gascoyne regions of Western Australia. They are thought to be closely related and to form a low-level genealogical group. The languages usually considered to be members of the Kartu group are, from north to south: * Yinggarda * Malgana *? Nhanda (possibly also Nhanhagardi) * Wajarri * Badimaya The inclusion of Nhanda The Nhanda people, also spelt Nanda, Nhunda, Nhanta, and other variants, are an Aboriginal Australian people who live in the mid-west region of Western Australia around the mouth of the Murchison River. Language The traditional language of t ... is dubious. It was excluded in Bowern & Koch (2004),Bowern & Koch (2004) ''Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method'' but retained in Bowern (2011).Bowern, Claire. 2011. How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?' Thaagurda was apparently also a Kartu language. The name ''kartu'' comes from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nyungar Languages
Noongar (; also Nyungar ) is an Australian Aboriginal language or dialect continuum, spoken by some members of the Noongar community and others. It is taught actively in Australia, including at schools, universities and through public broadcasting. The country of the Noongar people is the southwest corner of Western Australia. Within that region, many Noongar words have been adopted into English, particularly names of plants and animals. Noongar was first recorded in 1801 by Matthew Flinders, who made a number of word lists. Varieties of the Noongar subgroup It is generally agreed that there was no single, standard Noongar (or Nyungar) language before European settlement: it was a subgroup (or possibly a dialect continuum) of closely related languages, whose speakers were differentiated geographically and, in some cases, by cultural practices. The dialects merged into the modern Noongar language following colonisation. A 1990 conference organised by the Nyoongar Language Proje ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirniny Languages
The Mirning or Mirniny languages are a pair of Pama–Nyungan languages of the Nullarbor Coast of Australia.Bowern, Claire. 2011.How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?, ''Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web'', December 23, 2011correctedFebruary 6, 2012) *Mirning (Mirniny) * Ngadjunmaya (Ngatjumaya) Galaagu (Kalarko) and Kalaamaya, once thought to be related to Mirning, turn out to be closer to Nyungar The Noongar (, also spelt Noongah, Nyungar , Nyoongar, Nyoongah, Nyungah, Nyugah, and Yunga ) are Aboriginal Australian peoples who live in the south-west corner of Western Australia, from Geraldton on the west coast to Esperance on the so .... References {{Australian Aboriginal languages Southwest Pama–Nyungan languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thura-Yura Languages
The Yura or Thura-Yura languages are a group of Australian Aboriginal languages surrounding Spencer Gulf and Gulf St Vincent in South Australia, that comprise a genetic language family of the Pama–Nyungan family. Name The name ''Yura'' comes from the word for "person" in the northern languages; this is a lenited form of the ''thura'' found in other languages, hence ''Thura-Yura''. Similar words for "person" are found in languages outside the group, however (for example 'yura' - 'person' in the Sydney language). Languages The following classification is proposed by Bowern & Koch (2004):Bowern & Koch (2004) ''Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method'' *Nangga: Wirangu, Nauo *Core Thura-Yura **Yura (northern): Adnyamathanha–Kuyani, Barngarla **Kadli (southern): Narangga, Kaurna **(unclassified) Nukunu, Ngadjuri The Ngadjuri people are a group of Aboriginal Australian people whose traditional lands lie in the mid north of South Australia with a ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower Murray Languages
The Lower Murray languages form a branch of the Pama–Nyungan family. They are:Bowern, Claire. 2011.How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?, ''Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web'', December 23, 2011correctedFebruary 6, 2012) * Ngarinyeri ( Yaralde, Yaraldi, Ngarrindjeri, Ramindjeri) * Ngayawung (Ngayawang) (†) * Yuyu (Ngintait, Ngarkat) (†) * Keramin (†) * Yitha-Yitha ''moribund'' Dixon treats these as isolates, either because they are not close or are too poorly attested to demonstrate they are close. Bowern (2011) adds Peramangk The Peramangk are an Aboriginal Australian people whose lands traditionally comprise the Adelaide Hills, as well as lands to the west of the Murray River in mid Murraylands and through to the northern part of the Fleurieu Peninsula in the Au .... References {{Ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kulinic Languages
The Kulinic languages form a branch of the Pama–Nyungan family in Victoria (Australia). They are: *Kulin (3+, e.g. Woiwurrung) *''Kolakngat'' * Drual (2) Warrnambool is Kulinic and may be Drual, but is too poorly attested to be certain. Gadubanud was a dialect of either Warrnambool or Kolakngat. Several poorly attested interior Kulinic languages, such as Wemba-Wemba The Wemba-Wemba are an Aboriginal Australian people in north-Western Victoria and south-western New South Wales, Australia, including in the Mallee and the Riverina regions. They are also known as the Wamba-Wamba. Language Wemba-Wemba bears st ..., are listed in the Kulin article. The three branches of Kulinic are not close; Dixon treats them as three separate families. Bibliography *Dixon, R. M. W. 2002. ''Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development.'' Cambridge University Press References Indigenous Australian languages in Victoria (Australia) {{Ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yotayotic Languages
The Yotayotic languages are a pair of languages of the Pama–Nyungan family, Yotayota and Yabula-Yabula. Dixon (2002) classified them as two separate families, but per Bowe & Morey (1999)Heather Bowe and Stephen Morey. 1999. The Yorta Yorta (Bangerang) Language of the Murray Goulborn including Yabula Yabula. (Pacific Linguistics: Series C, 154.) Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University. ''Glottolog'' considers them to be dialects of a single language. References *Dixon, R. M. W. 2002. ''Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development.'' Cambridge University Press {{Ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
