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Pakal (other)
Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal (603–683) was ajaw of the Maya city-state of Palenque in the Late Classic period of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican chronology. Pakal may also refer to: Items relating to the Mayans Pakal (also spelled Pacal; meaning "shield" in several Mayan languages) forms the (common) name or part of the full name of several pre-Columbian Maya personages identified in the monumental inscriptions of sites in the Maya region of Mesoamerica. As such this may also refer to: At Palenque: * Janahb Pakal (died 612), Janaab' Pakal; Pakal "the Elder", nobleman of Palenque * Kʼinich Janaab Pakal II (fl. c. 742), a.k.a. Upakal K'inich; U Pakal K'inich, 15th ruler * Janaab Pakal III (fl. c. 799), a.k.a. 6 Kimi Pakal, Janaab' Pakal III; 18th and last known named ruler. At Chichen Itza: * Kʼakʼupakal (fl. 9th century), a.k.a. K'ak' Upakal; mid to late 9th century ruler at Chichen Itza At Yaxchilan: * Lady Pacal (died 705) of Yaxchilan Places in Iran * Pakal, Fars * Pakal, M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal
Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I (), also known as Pacal or Pacal the Great (March 603 – August 683), was ''ajaw'' of the Maya city-state of Palenque in the Late Classic period of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican chronology. He acceded to the throne in July 615 and ruled until his death. Pakal reigned 68 yearsIn the Maya calendar: acceded 9.9.2.4.8, 5 Lamat 1 Mol; died 9.12.11.5.18, 6 Etzʼnab 11 Yax (Martin & Grube 2008, p. 162).—the fifth-longest verified regnal period of any sovereign monarch in history, the longest in world history for more than a millennium,Pakal's record was surpassed in June 1711, by Louis XIV of France; Louis's record still stands as of today. and still the longest of any residing monarch in the history of the Americas. During his reign, Pakal was responsible for the construction or extension of some of Palenque's most notable surviving inscriptions and monumental architecture. Pakal is perhaps best known in popular culture for his depiction on the carved lid of his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chichen Itza
Chichen Itza , es, Chichén Itzá , often with the emphasis reversed in English to ; from yua, Chiʼchʼèen Ìitshaʼ () "at the mouth of the well of the Itza people" was a large pre-Columbian city built by the Maya people of the Terminal Classic period. The archeological site is located in Tinúm Municipality, Yucatán State, Mexico. Chichen Itza was a major focal point in the Northern Maya Lowlands from the Late Classic (c. AD 600–900) through the Terminal Classic (c. AD 800–900) and into the early portion of the Postclassic period (c. AD 900–1200). The site exhibits a multitude of architectural styles, reminiscent of styles seen in central Mexico and of the Puuc and Chenes styles of the Northern Maya lowlands. The presence of central Mexican styles was once thought to have been representative of direct migration or even conquest from central Mexico, but most contemporary interpretations view the presence of these non-Maya styles more as the result of cultural ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakal (film)
''Pakal'' is a 2006 Malayalam film directed by M. A. Nishad, starring Prithviraj and Jyothirmayi in the lead role. Plot ''Pakal'' takes us into the world of farmers, of the high ranges of Wayanad District of Kerala, who are forced to commit suicide following financial problems. The story has a lot of potential with a relevant political issue and there are some political comments too—like hints at the failure of the government machinery and religious institutions, which ought to come to the aid of the peasants. The film opens with the protagonist Nandakumar ( Prithviraj), who is a reporter of the television channel ''Kerala Today'', being sent to ''Pannakamkudi '' to do a regular series on the plight of the farmers of the area. He alights on the mission with his cameraman Abu (Sudheesh) to the high ranges, delivering daily reports in the prime time news about the crop failure, low prices for agricultural products, inability to repay loans issued by banks and cut-throat inter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakal, Markazi
Pakal ( fa, پاكل, also Romanized as Pākal; also known as Bākal) is a village in Astaneh Rural District, in the Central District of Shazand County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 721, in 224 families. References Populated places in Shazand County {{Shazand-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakal, Fars
Pakal ( fa, پاكل, also Romanized as Pākal) is a village in Dasht-e Laleh Rural District, Asir District Asir District ( fa, بخش اسیر) is a district (bakhsh) in Mohr County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 13,024, in 2,658 families. The District has one city: Asir. The District has two rural districts (''dehestan'' ..., Mohr County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 44, in 10 families. References Populated places in Mohr County {{Mohr-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lady Pacal
::''See also Pakal (other).'' Lady Pakal (or Lady Pacal; Mayan ''Ix Pacal'') was a Maya Queen consort of Yaxchilan in Mexico. It is said that she lived into her sixth '' k'atun'', meaning that she was at least ninety-eight when she died in 705. Her name means "shield". Family Lady Pacal was a daughter of Lady Xibalba and wife of the king ('' ajaw'') Yaxun B'alam III''The Ancient Maya'' by Robert Sharer and mother of Itzamnaaj B'alam II. Her grandson was Yaxun B'alam IV (752–768). Her possible sister was Lady Xoc and her daughter-in-law was Lady Eveningstar of Calakmul. See also *Yaxchilan rulers This is a list of kings of Yaxchilan. They were heads of state of the Maya civilization polity of Yaxchilan during its existence as a prominent city-state. The first high king (ajaw) was Yat Balam in the year 320. The dynasty probably ended in the ... References Year of birth unknown 705 deaths Maya queens 8th-century women {{Mexico-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yaxchilan
Yaxchilan () is an ancient Maya city located on the bank of the Usumacinta River in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. In the Late Classic Period Yaxchilan was one of the most powerful Maya states along the course of the Usumacinta River, with Piedras Negras as its major rival.Sharer & Traxler 2006, p. 421 Architectural styles in subordinate sites in the Usumacinta region demonstrate clear differences that mark a clear boundary between the two kingdoms. Yaxchilan was a large center, important throughout the Classic era, and the dominant power of the Usumacinta River area. It dominated such smaller sites as Bonampak, and had a long rivalry with Piedras Negras and at least for a time with Tikal; it was a rival of Palenque, with which Yaxchilan warred in 654. The site is particularly known for its well-preserved sculptured stone lintels set above the doorways of the main structures.Sharer & Traxler 2006, p. 435 These lintels, together with the stelae erected before the major buildings, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kʼakʼupakal
Kʼakʼupakal, or possibly Kʼakʼupakal Kʼawiil ( fl. c. 869–890) was a ruler or high-ranking officeholder at the pre-Columbian Maya site of Chichen Itza, during the latter half of the 9th century CE. The name of this ruler, alternatively written Kʼahkʼupakal, Kʼakʼ Upakal or Kʼakʼ-u-pakal, is the most widely mentioned personal name in the surviving Maya inscriptions at Chichen Itza,Voss & Kremer (2000, p.13) and also appears on monumental inscriptions at other Yucatán Peninsula sites such as Uxmal Uxmal (Yucatec Maya: ''Óoxmáal'' ) is an ancient Maya city of the classical period located in present-day Mexico. It is considered one of the most important archaeological sites of Maya culture, along with Palenque, Chichen Itza and Calakmul .... Notes References * Chichen Itza Maya monarchs Year of birth uncertain {{mesoamerica-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janaab Pakal III
Janaab Pakal III,The ruler's name, when transcribed is 6-? ja-na-bi pa-ka-la, translated "6 Death ? Shield". also known as 6 Cimi Pakal, (fl. c.799), was an ''ajaw'' of the Maya city of Palenque. He acceded to the throne in November, 799.These are the dates indicated on the Maya inscriptions in Mesoamerican Long Count calendar The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar is a non-repeating, vigesimal (base 20) and octodecimal (base 18) calendar used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures, most notably the Maya. For this reason, it is often known as the May ..., Acceded: 9.18.9.4.4 7 K'an 17 Muwan. He was probably last ruler of Palenque and his glyph name comes from blackware vase found in the residential quarter of city. Notes Sources Rulers of Palenque 8th-century monarchs in North America Year of death unknown 8th century in the Maya civilization {{Mexico-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shield
A shield is a piece of personal armour held in the hand, which may or may not be strapped to the wrist or forearm. Shields are used to intercept specific attacks, whether from close-ranged weaponry or projectiles such as arrows, by means of active blocks, as well as to provide passive protection by closing one or more lines of engagement during combat. Shields vary greatly in size and shape, ranging from large panels that protect the user's whole body to small models (such as the buckler) that were intended for hand-to-hand-combat use. Shields also vary a great deal in thickness; whereas some shields were made of relatively deep, absorbent, wooden planking to protect soldiers from the impact of spears and crossbow bolts, others were thinner and lighter and designed mainly for deflecting blade strikes (like the roromaraugi or qauata). Finally, shields vary greatly in shape, ranging in roundness to angularity, proportional length and width, symmetry and edge pattern; different s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Floruit
''Floruit'' (; abbreviated fl. or occasionally flor.; from Latin for "they flourished") denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active. In English, the unabbreviated word may also be used as a noun indicating the time when someone flourished. Etymology and use la, flōruit is the third-person singular perfect active indicative of the Latin verb ', ' "to bloom, flower, or flourish", from the noun ', ', "flower". Broadly, the term is employed in reference to the peak of activity for a person or movement. More specifically, it often is used in genealogy and historical writing when a person's birth or death dates are unknown, but some other evidence exists that indicates when they were alive. For example, if there are wills attested by John Jones in 1204, and 1229, and a record of his marriage in 1197, a record concerning him might be written as "John Jones (fl. 1197–1229)". The term is often used in art history when dating the career ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kʼinich Janaab Pakal II
Kʼinich Janaab Pakal II,The ruler's name, when transcribed is u-PAKAL-la-KʼINICH (KʼINICH-) JANA꞉B-pa-ka-la, translated "Shield of the Sun God Radiant ?-Shield". also known as Upakal Kʼinich, (fl. c.742), was an ''ajaw'' of the Maya city of Palenque Palenque (; Yucatec Maya language, Yucatec Maya: ), also anciently known in the Itza Language as Lakamhaʼ ("Big Water or Big Waters"), was a Maya city City-state, state in southern Mexico that perished in the 8th century. The Palenque ruins dat .... He ruled c.742 and he was probably brother of Kʼinich Ahkal Moʼ Nahb III. There are only few details about his reign like Bodega no. 1144 and portraits on a stucco-covered pier from Temple 19, only date from his reign is from 742, when he installed lord into important office. Notes Sources {{DEFAULTSORT:Pakal, Kinich Janaab, II Rulers of Palenque 8th-century monarchs in North America Year of death unknown 8th century in the Maya civilization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
