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PKP Class EP07
PKP class EP07 is a class of standard-gauge electric locomotives used primarily for passenger trains in Poland. They are rebuilt EU07 class locomotives, which in turn are the direct successors to the post-war British EU06 series locomotives. The only operators of this locomotive series are PKP Intercity and Polregio. These locomotives constitute the vast majority of electric locomotives still serving the PKP Group today - they are used to drive both light and heavy passenger trains. History Since 1995, some EU07 locomotives have undergone a reconstruction, in which new traction motors with a higher permissible operating temperature - LKb535 were installed and the gear-ratio was changed from 79:18 to 76:21. Modifications were carried out, among others..: ZNTK Oleśnica, ZNTK Mińsk Mazowiecki, HCP Poznań, "Newag" Nowy Sącz. The change of gear ratio did not, however, increase the design speed (misaligned transmission system - hollow shaft bearing on slide bearings), but de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PKP Intercity
PKP Intercity is a company of PKP Group responsible for long-distance passenger transport. It runs about 350 trains daily, connecting mainly large agglomerations and smaller towns in Poland. The company also provides most international trains to and from Poland. Trains offer Wi-Fi connectivity. History The company was founded after splitting Polskie Koleje Państwowe (national rail operator) into several companies to meet European Union standards. Operations The company runs the following train categories: * Express InterCity Premium (EIP, EIC Premium) – domestic exclusive high-speed trains (ED250 New Pendolino) between major cities with obligatory reservation. * Express InterCity (EIC) – high-standard express trains between major cities and popular tourist destinations: * InterCity – affordable high-standard express trains and fast trains with obligatory reservation; higher standard and priority than TLK but the same fare. Exclusive high-standard express trains - Pesa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Traction Motor
A traction motor is an electric motor used for propulsion of a vehicle, such as locomotives, electric vehicle, electric or hydrogen vehicles, elevators or electric multiple unit. Traction motors are used in electrically powered rail vehicles (electric multiple units) and other electric vehicles including electric milk floats, elevators, roller coasters, conveyors, and trolleybuses, as well as vehicles with electrical transmission systems (Diesel locomotive#Transmission types, diesel-electric locomotives, electric hybrid vehicles), and battery electric vehicles. Motor types and control DC motor, Direct-current motors with series Field coil, field windings are the oldest type of traction motors. These provide a speed-torque characteristic useful for propulsion, providing high torque at lower speeds for acceleration of the vehicle, and declining torque as speed increases. By arranging the field winding with multiple taps, the speed characteristic can be varied, allowing relatively ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halogen Light
A halogen lamp (also called tungsten halogen, quartz-halogen, and quartz iodine lamp) is an incandescent lamp consisting of a tungsten filament sealed in a compact transparent envelope that is filled with a mixture of an inert gas and a small amount of a halogen, such as iodine or bromine. The combination of the halogen gas and the tungsten filament produces a halogen-cycle chemical reaction, which redeposits evaporated tungsten on the filament, increasing its life and maintaining the clarity of the envelope. This allows the filament to operate at a higher temperature than a standard incandescent lamp of similar power and operating life; this also produces light with higher luminous efficacy and color temperature. The small size of halogen lamps permits their use in compact optical systems for projectors and illumination. The small glass envelope may be enclosed in a much larger outer glass bulb, which has a lower temperature, protects the inner bulb from contamination, and mak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Windscreen Wiper
A windscreen wiper, windshield wiper, wiper blade (American English), or simply wiper, is a device used to remove rain, snow, ice, washer fluid, water, or debris from a vehicle's front window. Almost all motor vehicles, including cars, trucks, buses, train locomotives, and watercraft with a cabin—and some aircraft—are equipped with one or more such wipers, which are usually a legal requirement. A wiper generally consists of a metal arm; one end pivots, and the other end has a long rubber blade attached to it. The arm is powered by a motor, often an electric motor, although pneumatic power is also used for some vehicles. The blade is swung back and forth over the glass, pushing water, other precipitation, or any other impediments to visibility from its surface. The speed is usually adjustable on vehicles made after 1969, with several continuous rates and often one or more ''intermittent'' settings. Most personal automobiles use two synchronized ''radial''-type arms, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acoustic Insulation
Soundproofing is any means of impeding sound propagation. There are several basic approaches to reducing sound: increasing the distance between source and receiver, decoupling, using noise barriers to reflect or absorb the energy of the sound waves, using damping structures such as sound baffles for absorption, or using active antinoise sound generators. Acoustic quieting and noise control can be used to limit unwanted noise. Soundproofing can reduce the transmission of unwanted direct sound waves from the source to an involuntary listener through the use of distance and intervening objects in the sound path (see sound transmission class and sound reduction index). Soundproofing can suppress unwanted indirect sound waves such as reflections that cause echoes and resonances that cause reverberation. Absorption Sound-absorbing material controls reverberant sound pressure levels within a cavity, enclosure or room. Synthetic absorption materials are porous, referring to open cell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermal Insulation
Thermal insulation is the reduction of heat transfer (i.e., the transfer of thermal energy between objects of differing temperature) between objects in thermal contact or in range of radiative influence. Thermal insulation can be achieved with specially engineered methods or processes, as well as with suitable object shapes and materials. Heat flow is an inevitable consequence of contact between objects of different temperature. Thermal insulation provides a region of insulation in which thermal conduction is reduced, creating a thermal break or thermal barrier, or thermal radiation is reflected rather than absorbed by the lower-temperature body. The insulating capability of a material is measured as the inverse of thermal conductivity (k). Low thermal conductivity is equivalent to high insulating capability ( resistance value). In thermal engineering, other important properties of insulating materials are product density (ρ) and specific heat capacity (c). Definition T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cab (locomotive)
The cab, crew compartment or driver's compartment of a locomotive, or a self-propelled rail vehicle, is the part housing the train driver, fireman or secondman (if any), and the controls necessary for the locomotive or self-propelled rail vehicle's operation. Cab locations On steam locomotives, the cab is normally located to the rear of the firebox, although steam locomotives have sometimes been constructed in a cab forward or camelback configuration. The cab, or crew or driver's compartment of a diesel or electric locomotive will usually be found either inside a cabin attached to a hood unit or cowl unit locomotive, or forming one of the structural elements of a cab unit locomotive. The former arrangement is now the norm in North America for all types of diesel or electric locomotives. In Europe, most modern locomotives are cab units with two cabs, one at each end. However, the locomotives powering some high speed European trains are normally cab units with one cab, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PKP Przewozy Regionalne
Polregio (formerly ''Przewozy Regionalne'') is a train operator in Poland, responsible for local and interregional passenger transportation. Each day it runs approximately 3,000 regional trains. In 2002 it carried 215 million passengers. The company was founded in 2001 from the splitup of the PKP Passenger Transport Sector of the once-unitary ''Polskie Koleje Państwowe'' national rail operator into several companies to meet European Union requirements. Train categories ;REGIO (R) :local passenger train, 2nd class only, stops (usually) at all stations ;REGIOplus :semi-fast local passenger train, 2nd class only, stops at a limited number of stations, same fare as Regio ;interREGIO (IR) :low-cost inter-regional fast train, 2nd class only, stops at medium and major stations only; since 1 September 2015 only on routes Łódź – Warszawa and Ełk – Grodno (Belarus), due to company's economics and restructuring. ;REGIOekspres (RE) :fast trains on international routes; stop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PKP Cargo
PKP Cargo () is a logistics operator and a part of the PKP Group in Poland. It is the largest railway freight carrier in Poland and second largest in the European Union. PKP Cargo is listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The company's largest shareholder is PKP S.A. with a 33,01% share. History In 2000, PKP Cargo was spun off from Polish State Railways, Polskie Koleje Państwowe, the Polish state railways. Since 1 October 2001, PKP Cargo has been a member of PKP S.A. Group. In 2009, the company was awarded the Safety Certificate – Part A, which confirmed the approval of its safety management system in the European Union, and in 2010, it obtained the Safety Certificate – Part B. Field structure in Poland Since June 2014, PKP Cargo has been operating through seven divisions: * Northern Division (Zakład Północny) – based in Gdynia * Southern Division (Zakład Południowy) – based in Katowice * Eastern Division (Zakład Wschodni) – based in Lublin * Central Division (Z ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rim (wheel)
The rim is the "outer edge of a wheel, holding the tire". It makes up the outer circular design of the wheel on which the inside edge of the tire is mounted on vehicles such as automobiles. For example, on a bicycle wheel the rim is a large hoop attached to the outer ends of the spokes of the wheel that holds the tire and tube. In cross-section, the rim is deep in the center and shallow at the outer edges, thus forming a "U" shape that supports the bead of the tire casing. In the 1st millennium BC, an iron rim was introduced around the wooden wheels of chariots to improve longevity on rough surfaces. Characteristics ;Design: The first pneumatic tires for bicycles were simple tubes in shape secured to the wooden outer concave surfaced circumference of the wheel by glue and air pressure pressing them against it. The surface for receiving the tube was not very secure thus causing the tires to sometimes come off the rims. Bicycle manufacturer and inventor Thomas B. Jeffery deve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rail Freight Transport
Rail freight transport is the use of railroads and trains to transport cargo as opposed to human passengers. A freight train, cargo train, or goods train is a group of freight cars (US) or goods wagons (International Union of Railways) hauled by one or more locomotives on a railway, transporting cargo all or some of the way between the shipper and the intended destination as part of the logistics chain. Trains may haul bulk material, intermodal containers, general freight or specialized freight in purpose-designed cars. Rail freight practices and economics vary by country and region. When considered in terms of ton-miles or tonne-kilometers hauled per unit of energy consumed, rail transport can be more efficient than other means of transportation. Maximum economies are typically realized with bulk commodities (e.g., coal), especially when hauled over long distances. However, shipment by rail is not as flexible as by the highway, which has resulted in much freight being haul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Design Speed
The design speed is a tool used to determine geometric features of a new road or street during road design. Contrary to the word's implication, the design speed of the road or street is not necessarily its vehicle speed limit or maximum safe speed; that can be higher or lower. Choosing a design speed means finding a balance between several interests which compete for priority, such high vehicle speeds to allow driving, drivers to travel to their destinations quickly versus low vehicle speeds for the road traffic safety, safety of people outside the vehicle (such as pedestrians and cyclists), or traffic flow, quick movement of rush hour, peak traffic (Traffic engineering (transportation), traffic engineering) versus maximising the economic development potential of the street (urban planning). Geometric features The design speed chosen for a high-speed roadway is a major factor in choosing cant (road/rail), superelevation rates and radii of road curve, curves, stopping sight di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
