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Overpressure Ammunition
Overpressure ammunition, commonly designated as +P or +P+, is small arms ammunition that has been loaded to produce a higher internal pressure when fired than is standard for ammunition of its caliber (see internal ballistics), but less than the pressures generated by a proof round. This is done typically to produce rounds with a higher muzzle velocity and stopping power, such as ammunition used for defensive or hunting purposes. Because of this, +P ammunition is typically found in handgun calibers which might be used for defensive purposes. +P vs. magnum cartridges Magnum cartridges, such as the .357 Magnum, are usually developed by greatly increasing the working pressure of an existing cartridge, and the resulting cartridges are typically different in some small manner to prevent them from being chambered in firearms not specifically designed for them. For example, the .357 Magnum is slightly longer than the .38 Special, which is the parent cartridge of lower pressure from whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speer 9mm +P
Speer is a surname. : Ashkenazim (): a spelling variation of ''Speyer'', a name indicative of origin from the German city of Speyer : Middle High German and Middle Dutch (): ''sper'', meaning "spear" : Scottish and northern Irish : a spelling variation of ''Speir'', from the Old French ''espier'' meaning "to watch" Notable people with the surname include: *Albert Friedrich Speer, (1863-1947), German architect, father of Albert Speer *Albert Speer, (1905-1981), German architect, Minister of Armaments and War Production of Nazi Germany from 1942 to 1945 *Albert Speer (born 1934), (1934–2017), a German architect and city planner, son of Albert Speer *Bill Speer, a retired professional ice hockey player *Christian P. Speer, (born 1952) German pediatrician and Professor of Pediatrics *Christopher Speer, Sergeant First Class (SFC), a U.S. special forces soldier killed in Afghanistan *Dieter Speer, a former German biathlete *Dick Speer, founder of CCI, brother of Vernon Speer *Emory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
32-20 Winchester
The .32-20 Winchester, also known as .32 WCF (Winchester center fire), was the first small-game lever-action cartridge that Winchester produced.Levergun loads: the .25-20 Winchester by John Taffin, Guns Magazine, April 2004 It was initially introduced as a black-powder cartridge in 1882 for small-game, varmint hunting, and deer..32-20 Winchester (HV-92) " from Accurate Powder [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
257 Roberts
The .257 Roberts, also known as .257 Bob, is a medium-powered .25 caliber rifle cartridge. It has been described as the best compromise between the low recoil and flat trajectory of smaller calibers such as the 5 mm (.22") and 6 mm (.24"), and the higher energy but harder recoil of larger popular hunting calibers, such as the 7 mm (.28") family and the popular 7.62 mm (.30").The .257 Roberts (.257 Roberts +P) by Chuck Hawks (membership required) Nominal bullet diameter of the .257 Roberts is .257 inches. The .257 Roberts uses the same caliber bullets as or the more powerful |
45 ACP
The .45 ACP ( Automatic Colt Pistol) or .45 Auto (11.43×23mm) is a rimless straight-walled handgun cartridge designed by John Moses Browning in 1904, for use in his prototype Colt semi-automatic pistol. After successful military trials, it was adopted as the standard chambering for Colt's M1911 pistol. The round was developed due to a lack of stopping power experienced in the Moro Rebellion in places like Sulu. The issued ammunition, .38 Long Colt, had proved inadequate, motivating the search for a better cartridge. This experience and the Thompson–LaGarde Tests of 1904 led the Army and the Cavalry to decide that a minimum of .45 caliber was required in a new handgun. The standard issue military .45 ACP round uses a 230- grain (14.9 g) round nose projectile that travels at approximately 830 feet per second (250 m/s) when fired from a government-issue M1911A1 pistol. It operates at a relatively low maximum chamber pressure rating of , compared to for both 9 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hollow-point Bullet
upright=0.2, Cross-section of a hollow-point bullet; proportions are those of a .22 Long Rifle cartridge Jacketed soft point (JSP) round. Right: Jacketed hollow-point (JHP) round. JSP is a semi-jacketed round as the jacket does not extend to the tip file:Hollow Point.JPG, Various hollow points: .45 Auto, .38 Special, .44 S&W Special, .44 Remington Magnum file:22-45.jpg, .45 ACP Federal HST 230gr hollow point cartridge, with two rounds of CCI Standard Velocity .22 LR for comparison purposes .40 S&W round, complete cartridge and expanded bullet A 9×19mm Parabellum, 9mm hollow point cartridge, along with unexpanded and expanded bullets. The expanded lead bullet and copper jacket are separated A hollow-point bullet is a type of expanding bullet which expands on impact, causing a more lethal hit without penetrating further than necessary. Hollow-point bullets are used for controlled penetration, where overpenetration could cause collateral damage (such as aboard an aircraft) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proof Shot
A proof test is a form of stress test to demonstrate the fitness of a load-bearing structure. An individual proof test may apply only to the unit tested, or to its design in general for mass-produced items. Such a structure is often subjected to loads above that expected in actual use, demonstrating safety and design margin. Proof testing is nominally a nondestructive test, particularly if both design margins and test levels are well-chosen. However, unit failures are by definition considered to have been destroyed for their originally-intended use and load levels. Proof tests may be performed before a new design or unit is allowed to enter service, or perform additional uses, or to verify that an existing unit is still functional as intended.Test intervals for in-servi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copper Units Of Pressure
Copper units of pressure or CUP, and the related lead units of pressure or LUP, are terms applied to pressure measurements used in the field of internal ballistics for the estimation of chamber pressures in firearms. These terms were adopted by convention to indicate that the pressure values were measured by copper crusher and lead crusher gauges respectively. In recent years, they have been replaced by the adoption of more modern piezoelectric pressure gauges that more accurately measure chamber pressures and generally give significantly higher pressure values. This nomenclature was adopted to avoid confusion and the potentially dangerous interchange of pressure values and standards made by different types of pressure gauges. For example, it makes little sense to describe a maximum pressure as 300 MPa, and in case the pressure has been measured according to the CUP procedure it should be denoted as 300 MPa (CUP). Pressure is a fundamental physical parameter that is expressed in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sporting Arms And Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute
The Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute (SAAMI, pronounced "Sammy") is an association of American manufacturers of firearms, ammunition, and components. SAAMI is an accredited standards developer that publishes several American National Standards that provide safety, reliability, and interchangeability standards for commercial manufacturers of firearms, ammunition, and components. In addition, SAAMI publishes information on the safe and responsible transportation, storage, and use of those products. History The origins of SAAMI date back to World War I and the Society of American Manufacturers of Small Arms and Ammunition (SAMSAA). In 1913, the US War Department encouraged the firearms and ammunition industry to establish an organization to share new technology and establish common standards for small arms and ammunition. SAMSAA was officially formed in 1918, however became inactive by the early 1920s. By the mid-1920s the United States was still suffe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine United States Minor Outlying Islands, Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. The United States is also in Compact of Free Association, free association with three Oceania, Pacific Island Sovereign state, sovereign states: the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and the Palau, Republic of Palau. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders Canada–United States border, with Canada to its north and Mexico–United States border, with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 333 million, it is the List of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Practical Shooting Confederation
The International Practical Shooting Confederation (IPSC) is the world's largest shooting sport association, and the largest and oldest within practical shooting. Founded in 1976, the IPSC nowadays affiliates over 100 regions from Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and Oceania. Competitions are held with pistol, revolver, rifle, and shotgun, and the competitors are divided into different divisions based on firearm and equipment features. While everyone in a division competes in the Overall category, there are also separate awards for the categories Lady (female competitors), Super Junior (under 16 years), Junior (under 21 years), Senior (over 50 years), and Super Senior (over 60 years). IPSC's activities include international regulation of the sport by approving firearms and equipment for various divisions, administering competition rules and education of range officials (referees) through the International Range Officers Association who are responsible for cond ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
38 Super
The .38 Super, also known as .38 Super +P, .38 Super Auto, .38 Super Automatic, .38 Super Automatic +P, or 9×23mmSR, is a pistol cartridge that fires a bullet. It was introduced in the late 1920s as a higher pressure loading of the .38 ACP, also known as .38 Auto. The older .38 ACP cartridge propels a bullet at , whereas the .38 Super pushes the same bullet at . The .38 Super has gained distinction as the caliber of choice for many top practical shooting competitors; it remains one of the dominant calibers in IPSC competition.Boatman, Robert H.: ''Living With the 1911: A Fresh Look at the Fighting Gun'', p. 15. Paladin Press, January 2005. Design The cartridge was designed for use in the M1911 pistol and was capable of penetrating automobile bodies of the late 1920s. When the .357 Magnum was introduced in 1935, this advantage of the .38 Super was no longer enough to lure police departments and officers from the traditional double-action revolver. The .38 Super retains the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
