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Ottoman Ministry Of Justice
The Ministry of Justice (french: Ministère de la Justice) was the justice ministry of the Ottoman Empire, based in Constantinople (now Istanbul). It also served as the Ministry of Religions (french: Ministère des Cultes). "Il est remarqué que les autorites ecclesiastiques des Communautes non-musulmanes dependent du Ministere de la justice, qui est aussi le Ministere des Cultes." It was established in 1879 as part of a reorganisation of the empire's legal system. Non-Muslim ecclesiastical authorities relied on the ministry. The ministry took control of the commercial courts and commercial appeal courts from the Ministry of Commerce. Ioannis Vithynos served in the justice ministry as the director of criminal investigations.info page on bookat Martin Luther University) - Cited: p. 32 (PDF p. 34) Ministry of Justice (Turkey) currently governs affairs in Turkey. References Justice ministries Justice Justice, in its broadest sense, is the principle that people receive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corps De Droit Ottoman; Recueil Des Codes, Lois, Règlements, Ordonnances Et Actes Les Plus Importants Du Droit Intérieur, Et D'études Sur Le Droit Coutumier De L'Empire Ottoman
''Corps de droit ottoman; recueil des codes, lois, règlements, ordonnances et actes les plus importants du droit intérieur, et d'études sur le droit coutumier de l'Empire ottoman'' ("Ottoman Body of Law: Compendium the Most Important Codes, Laws, Regulations, and Acts of Domestic Law, and Studies of Customary Law, of the Ottoman Empire") is a 1905-1906 seven-volume French-language collection of Ottoman Empire law edited by George Young (1872-1952), published by Clarendon Press in the United Kingdom. D. G. Hogarth of ''The English Historical Review'' wrote that the author's main concern was constituent legislation and that the work "is not intended to be a complete publication of either the civil or the criminal code in use."Hogarth, p. 187. Part I, Volumes I-III, were published in 1905, while Part II, Volumes IV-VI, were published in 1906. Background Young worked for Embassy of the United Kingdom in the Ottoman Empire in Ottoman Constantinople, Constantinople (now Istanbul). A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clarendon Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print books by decree in 1586, it is the second oldest university press after Cambridge University Press. It is a department of the University of Oxford and is governed by a group of 15 academics known as the Delegates of the Press, who are appointed by the vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford. The Delegates of the Press are led by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as OUP's chief executive and as its major representative on other university bodies. Oxford University Press has had a similar governance structure since the 17th century. The press is located on Walton Street, Oxford, opposite Somerville College, in the inner suburb of Jericho. For the last 500 years, OUP has primarily focused on the publication of pedagogical texts and c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanzimat
The Tanzimat (; ota, تنظيمات, translit=Tanzimāt, lit=Reorganization, ''see'' nizām) was a period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Gülhane Hatt-ı Şerif in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876. The Tanzimat era began with the purpose, not of radical transformation, but of modernization, desiring to consolidate the social and political foundations of the Ottoman Empire. It was characterised by various attempts to modernise the Ottoman Empire and to secure its territorial integrity against internal nationalist movements and external aggressive powers. The reforms encouraged Ottomanism among the diverse ethnic groups of the Empire and attempted to stem the tide of the rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire. Historian Hans-Lukas Kieser has argued that the reforms led to "the rhetorical promotion of equality of non-Muslims with Muslims on paper vs. the primacy of Muslims in practice"; other historians have argued that the ability ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of The Ottoman Empire
The language of the court and government of the Ottoman Empire was Ottoman Turkish, but many other languages were in contemporary use in parts of the empire. Although the minorities of the Ottoman Empire were free to use their language amongst themselves, if they needed to communicate with the government they had to use Ottoman Turkish. The Ottomans had altogether three influential languages known as "Alsina-i Thalātha" (The Three Languages) that were common to Ottoman readers: Ottoman Turkish, Arabic and Persian. Turkish, spoken by the majority of the people in Anatolia and by the majority of Muslims of the Balkans except in Albania, Bosnia, and various Aegean Sea islands; Persian, initially a literary and high-court language used by the educated in the Ottoman Empire before being displaced by Ottoman Turkish; and Arabic, which was the legal and religious language of the empire and was also spoken regionally, mainly in Arabia, North Africa, Mesopotamia and the Levant., translat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justice Ministry
A justice ministry, ministry of justice, or department of justice is a ministry or other government agency in charge of the administration of justice. The ministry or department is often headed by a minister of justice (minister for justice in a very few countries) or a secretary of justice. In some countries, the head of the department may be called the attorney general, for example in the United States. Monaco is an example of a country that does not have a ministry of justice, but rather a Directorate of Judicial Services (head: Secretary of Justice) that oversees the administration of justice. Vatican City, a country under the sovereignty of the Holy See, also does not possess a ministry of justice. Instead, the Governorate of Vatican City State (head: President of the Governorate of Vatican City State), the legislative body of the Vatican, includes a legal office. Depending on the country, specific duties may relate to organizing the justice system, overseeing the public pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) // CITED: p. 36 (PDF p. 38/338) also known as the Turkish Empire, was an empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and, with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror. Under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire marked the peak of its power and prosperity, as well a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Constantinople
Neolithic artifacts, uncovered by archeologists at the beginning of the 21st century, indicate that Istanbul's historic peninsula was settled as far back as the 6th millennium BCE. That early settlement, important in the spread of the Neolithic Revolution from the Near East to Europe, lasted for almost a millennium before being inundated by rising water levels. The first human settlement on the Asian side, the Fikirtepe mound, is from the Copper Age period, with artifacts dating from 5500 to 3500 BCE. It's also worth noting that in the European side, near the point of the peninsula (Sarayburnu) there was a settlement during the early 1st millennium BCE. Modern authors have linked it to the possible Thracian toponym ''Lygos'', mentioned by Pliny the Elder as an earlier name for the site of Byzantium. The history of the city proper begins around 660 BC when Greek settlers from Megara colonized the area and established Byzantium on the European side of the Bosphorus. It fell to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Istanbul
Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, cultural and historic hub. The city straddles the Bosporus strait, lying in both Europe and Asia, and has a population of over 15 million residents, comprising 19% of the population of Turkey. Istanbul is the list of European cities by population within city limits, most populous European city, and the world's List of largest cities, 15th-largest city. The city was founded as Byzantium ( grc-gre, Βυζάντιον, ) in the 7th century BCE by Ancient Greece, Greek settlers from Megara. In 330 CE, the Roman emperor Constantine the Great made it his imperial capital, renaming it first as New Rome ( grc-gre, Νέα Ῥώμη, ; la, Nova Roma) and then as Constantinople () after himself. The city grew in size and influence, eventually becom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Commerce (Ottoman Empire)
A Ministry of Trade and Industry, Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry or variations is a ministry that is concerned with a nation's trade, industry and commerce. Notable examples are: List *Algeria: Ministry of Industry and Mines *Australia: ** Minister for Trade and Investment (Australia) ** Minister for Trade, Tourism and Major Events (New South Wales) *Azerbaijan: ** Ministry of Industry and Energy (Azerbaijan) ** Ministry of Defence Industry of Azerbaijan **Ministry of Economic Development (Azerbaijan) *Brazil: Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (Brazil) *Brunei: ** Ministry of Energy, Manpower and Industry ** Ministry of Finance and Economy (Brunei) ** Ministry of Primary Resources and Tourism *Cambodia: Ministry of Industry, Mining and Energy (Cambodia) *Canada: ** Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada ** Minister of International Trade (Canada) **Manitoba *** Minister of Industry and Commerce (Manitoba) *** Ministry of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ioannis Vithynos
Yanko (Ioannis) Vithynosinfo page on bookat Martin Luther University) - Cited: p. 32 (PDF p. 34) was an Ottoman Greek statesman, who was the Ottoman-appointed Prince of Samos from 1904 to 1906. He wrote articles in Turkish for Ottoman Turkish publications, as he knew that language well.info page on bookat Martin Luther University) - Cited: p. 31 (PDF p. 33) and completed his education at the Great National School (Megalē tou Genous scholē). He, with Konstantinos Photiades, co-translated the ''Mecelle'' into Greek, and he also wrote his commentary on the Ottoman Commercial Code (''Ticaret Kanunnamesi''). Career He was Governor of Crete from 1868-1875, before the Darülfünun made him an honorary professor. From 1882 to 1904 he also taught at the Mekteb-i Hukuk, an Ottoman law school. In 1901 he became a member of the Ottoman elections assembly. In addition he served in the Ottoman Ministry of Justice and the Constantinople ''tribunal de première instance'', as the dire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin Luther University
Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg (german: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public, research-oriented university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg and the largest and oldest university in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. MLU offers German and international (English) courses leading to academic degrees such as BA, BSc, MA, MSc, doctoral degrees, and Habilitation. The university was created in 1817 through the merger of the University of Wittenberg (founded in 1502) and the University of Halle (founded in 1694). MLU is named after Protestant reformer Martin Luther, who was a professor in Wittenberg. Today, the university campus is located in Halle, while ''Leucorea Foundation'' in Wittenberg serves as MLU's convention centre. Both Halle and Wittenberg are about one hour from Berlin via the Berlin–Halle railway, which offers Intercity-Express (ICE) trains. History University of Wittenberg (''Universität Wittenbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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