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Operation Jehol Order Of Battle
The Japanese and Manchukuoan order of battle for Operation Nekka was: Japan Kwangtung Army Jehol Operation Force - Field Marshal Baron Nobuyoshi Muto, * 6th Division (11th & 36th Infantry Brigades) - Lt. Gen. Sakamoto * 8th Division (4th & 16th Infantry Brigades) - Lt. Gen. Nishi * 14th Mixed Brigade / 7th Division - Major Gen. Hattori * 33rd Mixed Brigade / 10th Division - Major Gen. Nakamura * 4th Cavalry Brigade - Major Gen. Mogi * 1st Special Tank Company - Captain Hyakutake ** 11 x Type 89 Medium Tank ** 2 x Type 92 Combat Cars Manchukuo Imperial Army Manchukuoan Force 42,000 menGuo Rugui - Zhang HaipengJowett pg.25 Manchukuoan units with the Japanese Northern Column 10,000 men * Taoliao Army - Zhang Haipeng (concurrent) ** 7 Detachments( at least 2 are cavalry brigades) * National Foundation Army (Manchukuo Preparatory 2nd Corps) - Zheng Guorui ** 3 Detachments Manchukuoan units with the Japanese Eastern Column 15,000 men * National Protection Army (Fengtian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Nekka
The defense of the Great Wall () (January 1 – May 31, 1933) was a campaign between the armies of Republic of China and Empire of Japan, which took place before the Second Sino-Japanese War officially commenced in 1937 and after the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931. It is known in Japanese as and in many English sources as the First Battle of Hopei. During this campaign, Japan successfully captured the Inner Mongolian province of Rehe from the Chinese warlord Zhang Xueliang, and incorporated it into the newly created state of Manchukuo, whose southern frontier was thus extended to the Great Wall of China. Battle of Shanhai Pass Shanhaiguan is the fortified eastern end of the Great Wall of China, where the Great Wall meets the ocean. Per the terms of the 1901 Boxer Rebellion accord, the Imperial Japanese Army maintained a small garrison of around 200 men at Shanhaiguan. On the night of 1 January 1933, the Japanese garrison commander staged an "incident" by exploding a few ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feng Zhanhai
Feng Zhanhai (, 6 November 1899 – 14 September 1963), or Feng Chan-hai, was one of the leaders of the volunteer armies resisting the Japanese and the puppet state of Manchukuo in northeast China. Feng was born on November 6, 1899. At eighteen he joined the Dongbei Army, and later entered a military school graduating in 1921. After he graduated, he was successively a platoon leader, company commander, and battalion commander. At the time of the Mukden Incident and Japanese invasion of northeast China he was a colonel commanding a regiment of the Kirin Guards Division. After the Mukden Incident, he opposed the Northeast border defense headquarters surrender to the Japanese forces, and commanded his troops on September 19 to withdraw from the Kirin provincial capital, and sent his troops during October to oppose the Japanese, fighting near Binxian. In at the end of January, 1932, Feng joined Ting Chao, Li Du, Xing Zhanqing, Zhao Yi to form the Jilin Self-Defence Army, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northeastern Loyal And Brave Army
{{no footnotes, date=March 2013 Following the defeat of the forces of Ting Chao at Harbin in February 1932, Feng Zhanhai withdrew his forces to Shan-Ho-Tun, a village in the Wuchang District. He then called for volunteers, and the Public Safety Bureaus in the local districts turned over to them their police and militia, and established Feng as the General in command of a force, the Northeastern Loyal and Brave Army, of 15,000 men in the hills with the capital of Kirin City to his south and the metropolis of Harbin to his north. There he was able to wreak havoc on the Japanese rail communications on the Chinese Eastern Railway running through his area of control. In response the Japanese and Manchukoans launched two campaigns to clear Feng's Army out of the countryside. From June to July 1932 the Feng Chan-hai Subjugation Operation cleared the districts of Shuangcheng, Acheng, Yushu, Wuchang, and Shulan of Feng's Anti-Japanese forces. This forced Feng to retreat to the west. In Septe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sun Dianying
Sun Dianying (; 1889–1948) was a Chinese bandit leader, warlord, and National Revolutionary Army commander who fought in the Warlord Era, Second Sino-Japanese War, and Chinese Civil War, earning notoriety for changing sides multiple times in course of these conflicts. Biography Early life as bandit and first military commands Born in 1887, 1898, or 1889 in Yongcheng, Henan, Sun joined a bandit gang in his youth, and eventually became a message-carrier for the Yangshan bandit chief Zhang Ping. He eventually joined the Songxian Pacification Force (SPF), an anti-bandit militia that mostly consisted of ex-bandits. Sun managed to rise to a minor command in the SPF, but he resumed banditry following the suicide of his superior Han Yukun in 1925, or after the SPF's crushing defeat at Xi'an against warlord Feng Yuxiang in 1926. In any case, Sun wanted to rejoin the armed forces. To achieve this, he led his private army from the western Henan mountains to Anhui. On the way, Sun refrai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jilin
Jilin (; alternately romanized as Kirin or Chilin) is one of the three provinces of Northeast China. Its capital and largest city is Changchun. Jilin borders North Korea (Rasŏn, North Hamgyong, Ryanggang and Chagang) and Russia (Primorsky Krai) to the east, Heilongjiang to the north, Liaoning to the south, and Inner Mongolia to the west. Along with the rest of Northeast China, Jilin underwent an early period of industrialization. However, Jilin's economy, characterized by heavy industry, has been facing economic difficulties with privatization. This prompted the central government to undertake a campaign called "Revitalize the Northeast". The region contains large deposits of oil shale. Name The name "Jilin" originates from ''girin ula'' () , a Manchu phrase meaning "along the river", shortened to Kirin in English. This Manchu term was transcribed into ''jilin wula'' ( t , s ) in Chinese characters and shortened the first two characters, which are tran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhang Zuoxiang
Zhang Zuoxiang,(张作相) (1881 – 7 May 1949) was an important member of the Fengtian clique and general in the Fengtian Army. Zhang Zuoxiang was born in 1881 in Jinzhou, western Fengtian (now Liaoning), China. A loyal follower of Zhang Zuolin, he was the commander of the 27th Regiment, 27th Division, of the Fengtian Defence Force from 1911-16 as Zhang Zuolin took control of Fengtian. He rose up through the ranks of the new Fengtian Army as commander of a brigade (1916–19), acting commander of 27th Division (1919, 1920) and Fengtian garrison commander (1919). From 1920-22 he was staff officer for the Military Governor of Fengtian, Zhang Zuolin himself. He soon was given significant commands of the Eastern Route Army in 1922 and the 3rd Detachment, Zhenwei Army from 1922-24. In April 1924 he was rewarded with the military governorship of Jilin province, which he retained until December 1928. He also held the civil governorship of the province in the same time, except for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tianshan Subdistrict
The Tian Shan,, , otk, 𐰴𐰣 𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃, , tr, Tanrı Dağı, mn, Тэнгэр уул, , ug, تەڭرىتاغ, , , kk, Тәңіртауы / Алатау, , , ky, Теңир-Тоо / Ала-Тоо, , , uz, Tyan-Shan / Tangritog‘, , also known as the Tengri Tagh or Tengir-Too, meaning the ''Mountains of Heaven'' or the ''Heavenly Mountain'', is a large system of mountain ranges located in Central Asia. The highest peak in the Tian Shan is Jengish Chokusu, at high. Its lowest point is the Turpan Depression, which is below sea level. One of the earliest historical references to these mountains may be related to the Xiongnu word ''Qilian'' ( zh, s=祁连, t=祁連, first=t, p=Qílián) – according to Tang commentator Yan Shigu, ''Qilian'' is the Xiongnu word for sky or heaven. Sima Qian in the ''Records of the Grand Historian'' mentioned ''Qilian'' in relation to the homeland of the Yuezhi and the term is believed to refer to the Tian Shan rather than the Q ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kailu
Kailu County (Mongolian language, Mongolian: ''Ḵayilü siyan''; ) is a county in the east of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Tongliao City, to the east, and China National Highway 303 passes through it. History As the traditional seat of Ar Khorchin, East Jaruud and West Jaruud, the 3 areas are abbreviated in Chinese as the 3 R's since each contains the word R transcribed as "LU" in Chinese. The 3 R's was then known as the 3 Lu's as well. In 1905, with the slogan of developing the 3 R's (開發三魯), the city took the name of such abbreviation and was named 開魯 (KAI LU). Climate Kailu County features a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification, Köppen ''BSk''), marked by long, very cold and dry winters, hot, somewhat humid summers, and strong winds, especially in spring. The monthly daily mean temperature in January, the coldest month, is , and in July, the warmest month, , with the annual mean at . The annua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chengde
Chengde, formerly known as Jehol and Rehe, is a prefecture-level city in Hebei province, situated about 225 km northeast of Beijing. It is best known as the site of the Mountain Resort, a vast imperial garden and palace formerly used by the Qing emperors as summer residence. The permanent resident population is approximately 3,473,200 in 2017. History In 1703, Chengde was chosen by the Kangxi Emperor as the location for his summer residence. Constructed throughout the eighteenth century, the Mountain Resort was used by both the Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors. The site is currently an UNESCO World Heritage Site. Since the seat of government followed the emperor, Chengde was a political center of the Chinese empire during these times. The city of Jeholan early romanization of Rehe via the French transcription of the northern suffix ''ér'' as ''eul''reached its height under the Qianlong Emperor 1735-1796 (died 1799). The great Putuo Zongcheng Temple, loosely based on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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