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Olopatadine
Olopatadine, sold under the brand name Opatanol among others, is a medication used to decrease the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis (hay fever). It is used as eye drops or as a nasal spray. The eye drops generally result in an improvement within half an hour. Common side effects include headache, sore throat, eye discomfort, change in taste. More significant side effects may include sleepiness. It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. It is an antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer. Olopatadine was patented in 1986 and came into medical use in 1997. It is available as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the 268th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1million prescriptions. Side effects Some known side effects include headache (7% of occurrence), eye burning and/or stinging (5%), blurred vision, dry eyes, foreign body sensation, hyperemia, keratitis, eyelid edema, pruritus, asthenia, sore th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olopatadine Synthesis
Olopatadine, sold under the brand name Opatanol among others, is a medication used to decrease the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis (hay fever). It is used as eye drops or as a nasal spray. The eye drops generally result in an improvement within half an hour. Common side effects include headache, sore throat, eye discomfort, change in taste. More significant side effects may include sleepiness. It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. It is an antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer. Olopatadine was patented in 1986 and came into medical use in 1997. It is available as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the 268th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1million prescriptions. Side effects Some known side effects include headache (7% of occurrence), eye burning and/or stinging (5%), blurred vision, dry eyes, foreign body sensation, hyperemia, keratitis, eyelid edema, pruritus, asthenia, sore th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
H1 Receptor Antagonists
H1 antagonists, also called H1 blockers, are a class of medications that block the action of histamine at the H1 receptor, helping to relieve allergic reactions. Agents where the main therapeutic effect is mediated by negative modulation of histamine receptors are termed antihistamines; other agents may have antihistaminergic action but are not true antihistamines. In common use, the term "antihistamine" refers only to H1-antihistamines. Virtually all H1-antihistamines function as inverse agonists at the histamine H1-receptor, as opposed to neutral antagonists, as was previously believed. Medical uses H1-antihistamines are clinically used in the treatment of histamine-mediated allergic conditions. These indications may include:Rossi S (Ed.) (2004). ''Australian Medicines Handbook 2004''. Adelaide: Australian Medicines Handbook. * Allergic rhinitis * Allergic conjunctivitis * Allergic dermatological conditions (contact dermatitis) * Rhinorrhea (runny nose) * Urticaria * Angi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mast Cell Stabilizers
Mast cell stabilizers are medications used to prevent or control certain allergic disorders. They block mast cell degranulation, stabilizing the cell and thereby preventing the release of histamine and related mediators. One suspected pharmacodynamic mechanism is the blocking of IgE-regulated calcium channels. Without intracellular calcium, the histamine vesicles cannot fuse to the cell membrane and degranulate. As inhalers they are used to treat asthma, as nasal sprays to treat hay fever (allergic rhinitis) and as eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis. Finally, in oral form, they are used to treat the rare condition of mastocytosis. Examples Mast cell stabilizer medications include: * β2-adrenergic agonists * Cromoglicic acid * Ketotifen * Loratadine * Desloratadine * Methylxanthines * Olopatadine * Rupatadine *Mepolizumab * Omalizumab * Pemirolast * Quercetin * Nedocromil * Azelastine * Tranilast * Palmitoylethanolamide * Vitamin D * Bilastine Bilastine is an anti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antihistamine
Antihistamines are drugs which treat allergic rhinitis, common cold, influenza, and other allergies. Typically, people take antihistamines as an inexpensive, generic (not patented) drug that can be bought without a prescription and provides relief from nasal congestion, sneezing A sneeze (also known as sternutation) is a semi-autonomous, convulsive expulsion of air from the lungs through the nose and mouth, usually caused by foreign particles irritating the nasal mucosa. A sneeze expels air forcibly from the mouth and ..., or hives caused by pollen, dust mites, or animal allergy with few side effects. Antihistamines are usually for short-term treatment. Chronic allergies increase the risk of health problems which antihistamines might not treat, including asthma, sinusitis, and lower respiratory tract infection. Consultation of a medical professional is recommended for those who intend to take antihistamines for longer-term use. Although people typically use the word "anti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mast Cell Stabilizer
Mast cell stabilizers are medications used to prevent or control certain allergic disorders. They block mast cell degranulation, stabilizing the cell and thereby preventing the release of histamine and related mediators. One suspected pharmacodynamic mechanism is the blocking of IgE-regulated calcium channels. Without intracellular calcium, the histamine vesicles cannot fuse to the cell membrane and degranulate. As inhalers they are used to treat asthma, as nasal sprays to treat hay fever (allergic rhinitis) and as eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis. Finally, in oral form, they are used to treat the rare condition of mastocytosis. Examples Mast cell stabilizer medications include: * β2-adrenergic agonists * Cromoglicic acid * Ketotifen * Loratadine * Desloratadine * Methylxanthines * Olopatadine * Rupatadine *Mepolizumab * Omalizumab * Pemirolast * Quercetin * Nedocromil * Azelastine * Tranilast * Palmitoylethanolamide * Vitamin D * Bilastine Bilastine is an antih ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allergic Conjunctivitis
Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is inflammation of the conjunctiva (the membrane covering the white part of the eye) due to allergy. Although allergens differ among patients, the most common cause is hay fever. Symptoms consist of redness (mainly due to vasodilation of the peripheral small blood vessels), edema (swelling) of the conjunctiva, itching, and increased lacrimation (production of tears). If this is combined with rhinitis, the condition is termed allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC). The symptoms are due to release of histamine and other active substances by mast cells, which stimulate dilation of blood vessels, irritate nerve endings, and increase secretion of tears. Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis is by avoiding the allergen (''e.g.'', avoiding grass in bloom during "hay fever season") and treatment with antihistamines, either topical (in the form of eye drops), or systemic (in the form of tablets). Antihistamines, medications that stabilize mast cells, and nonsteroida ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dibenzoxepins
Dibenzoxepin, or dibenz 'b'',''e''xepin, is a tricyclic compound. It is the parent structure of certain drugs such as the tricyclic antidepressant doxepin and the analgesic fluradoline. The former is the only tricyclic antidepressant that is a dibenzoxepin. See also * Dibenzazepine * Dibenzocycloheptene * Dibenzothiepin * Dibenzothiazepine Dibenzothiazepines are chemical compounds which are derivatives of thiazepine with two benzene rings. Examples include quetiapine, tianeptine Tianeptine, sold under the brand names Stablon and Coaxil among others, is an atypical antidepressa ... References Dibenzoxepins {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alcon Brands
Alcon is an American Swiss medical company specializing in eye care products with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, and incorporated in Fribourg, Switzerland. Alcon began as a US company and its US subsidiary’s headquarters remain in Fort Worth, Texas, where the Alcon division of the company was founded. Alcon was a subsidiary of Novartis until April 9, 2019, when the company completed a shareholder approved 100% spinoff of Alcon eye care devices business from Novartis. History The US division of Alcon was founded as an independent company in 1945 in Fort Worth, Texas, USA. Since the current Swiss company that grew from multiple mergers retained the Alcon name, it is important to differentiate the former US company (now a subsidiary) from the much larger company that bears the same Alcon name. Alcon has not existed as a US-based company since 1977. The original US company Alcon started as a small pharmacy in Fort Worth and was named for its founders, pharmacists Rober ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dimethylamino Compounds
Dimethylamine is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NH. This secondary amine is a colorless, flammable gas with an ammonia-like odor. Dimethylamine is commonly encountered commercially as a solution in water at concentrations up to around 40%. An estimated 270,000 tons were produced in 2005. Structure and synthesis The molecule consists of a nitrogen atom with two methyl substituents and one proton. Dimethylamine is a weak base and the pKa of the ammonium CH3--CH3 is 10.73, a value above methylamine (10.64) and trimethylamine (9.79). Dimethylamine reacts with acids to form salts, such as dimethylamine hydrochloride, an odorless white solid with a melting point of 171.5 °C. Dimethylamine is produced by catalytic reaction of methanol and ammonia at elevated temperatures and high pressure: :2 CH3OH + NH3 → (CH3)2NH + 2 H2O Natural occurrence Dimethylamine is found quite widely distributed in animals and plants, and is present in many foods at the level of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acetic Acids
Acetic acid , systematically named ethanoic acid , is an acidic, colourless liquid and organic compound with the chemical formula (also written as , , or ). Vinegar is at least 4% acetic acid by volume, making acetic acid the main component of vinegar apart from water and other trace elements. Acetic acid is the second simplest carboxylic acid (after formic acid). It is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical, used primarily in the production of cellulose acetate for photographic film, polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, and synthetic fibres and fabrics. In households, diluted acetic acid is often used in descaling agents. In the food industry, acetic acid is controlled by the food additive code E260 as an acidity regulator and as a condiment. In biochemistry, the acetyl group, derived from acetic acid, is fundamental to all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. The global demand for acetic acid is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alcon
Alcon is an American Swiss medical company specializing in eye care products with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, and incorporated in Fribourg, Switzerland. Alcon began as a US company and its US subsidiary’s headquarters remain in Fort Worth, Texas, where the Alcon division of the company was founded. Alcon was a subsidiary of Novartis until April 9, 2019, when the company completed a shareholder approved 100% spinoff of Alcon eye care devices business from Novartis. History The US division of Alcon was founded as an independent company in 1945 in Fort Worth, Texas, USA. Since the current Swiss company that grew from multiple mergers retained the Alcon name, it is important to differentiate the former US company (now a subsidiary) from the much larger company that bears the same Alcon name. Alcon has not existed as a US-based company since 1977. The original US company Alcon started as a small pharmacy in Fort Worth and was named for its founders, pharmacists Rober ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Over-the-counter Drug
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines sold directly to a consumer without a requirement for a prescription from a healthcare professional, as opposed to prescription drugs A prescription drug (also prescription medication or prescription medicine) is a pharmaceutical drug that legally requires a medical prescription to be dispensed. In contrast, over-the-counter drugs can be obtained without a prescription. The rea ..., which may be supplied only to consumers possessing a valid prescription. In many countries, OTC drugs are selected by a regulatory agency to ensure that they contain ingredients that are safe and effective when used without a physician's care. OTC drugs are usually regulated according to their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) rather than final products. By regulating APIs instead of specific drug formulations, governments allow manufacturers the freedom to formulate ingredients, or combinations of ingredients, into proprietary mixtures. The term ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
