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Olga Danilova
Olga Valeryevna Danilova ( Russian: Ольга Валерьевна Данилова; born 10 June 1970 in Bugulma, Tatar ASSR) is a Russian cross-country skier who competed from 1991 until she was banned for using performance-enhancing drugs in 2002. Career Her statistics are listed as height: , weight: Danilova won a total of eleven medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, including four golds (4 × 5 km relay: 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001), four silvers (5 km: 1999, 10 km: 2001, 15 km: 2001, 30 km: 1999), and three bronzes (5 km + 10 km combined pursuit: 1995, 5 km: 1997, 5 km + 5 km combined pursuit: 2001). She also won the 30 km event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 2000. Danilova won three medals at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, with a gold in the 15 km classical and the 4 × 5 km relay, and a silver in the 5 km + 10 km combined pursuit. In 2002, she again participated in the cros ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bugulma
Bugulma (russian: Бугульма́; tt-Cyrl, Бөгелмә, ''Bögelmä'') is a town in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Population: Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Bugulma serves as the administrative center of Bugulminsky District, even though it is not a part of it.Order #01-02/9 As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the town of republic significance of Bugulma—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of republic significance of Bugulma is incorporated within Bugulminsky Municipal District as Bugulma Urban Settlement.Law #18-ZRT Economy Ak Bars Aero has its head office at Bugulma Airport. " |
1995 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1995 took place 9–19 March 1995 in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. This marked the second time the separate championships (not part of Winter Olympics) were held outside Europe (the first was in the US towns of Lake Placid, New York, and Rumford, Maine, in 1950 Events January * January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed. * January 5 – Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 crashes in a snowstorm. All 19 ...). The Nordic combined team event was changed from a 3 × 10 km relay to a 4 × 5 km relay for these championships. Men's cross-country 10 km classical 11 March 1995 10 km + 15 km combined pursuit 13 March 1995 30 km classical 9 March 1995 50 km freestyle 19 March 1995 This marks the first recorded time the 50 km was completed in under two hours. 4 × 10 km relay 17 March 1995 Women's cross-coun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Olympic Committee
The International Olympic Committee (IOC; french: link=no, Comité international olympique, ''CIO'') is a non-governmental sports organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland. It is constituted in the form of an association under the Swiss Civil Code (articles 60–79). Founded by Pierre de Coubertin and Demetrios Vikelas in 1894, it is the authority responsible for organising the modern ( Summer, Winter, and Youth) Olympic Games. The IOC is the governing body of the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) and of the worldwide "Olympic Movement", the IOC's term for all entities and individuals involved in the Olympic Games. As of 2020, there are 206 NOCs officially recognised by the IOC. The current president of the IOC is Thomas Bach. The stated mission of the IOC is to promote the Olympics throughout the world and to lead the Olympic Movement: *To encourage and support the organization, development, and coordination of sport and sports competitions; *To ensure the regul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Darbepoetin
Darbepoetin alfa (INN) is a re-engineered form of erythropoietin containing 5 amino acid changes (N30, T32, V87, N88, T90) resulting in the creation of 2 new sites for N-linked carbohydrate addition. It has a 3-fold longer serum half-life compared to epoetin alpha and epoetin beta. It stimulates erythropoiesis (increases red blood cell levels) by the same mechanism as rHuEpo (binding and activating the Epo receptor) and is used to treat anemia, commonly associated with chronic kidney failure and cancer chemotherapy. Darbepoetin is marketed by Amgen under the trade name Aranesp. The medication was approved in September 2001, by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney failure by intravenous or subcutaneous injection. In June 2001, it had been approved by the European Medicines Agency for this indication as well as the treatment of anemia in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Dr. Reddy's Laboratories launched darbepoetin a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larisa Lazutina
Larisa Yevgenyevna Lazutina (russian: Лариса Евгеньевна Лазутина; née Ptitsyna, born 1 June 1965) is a Russian former professional cross-country skier. Career Lazutina was awarded the Holmenkollen medal in 1998 (shared with Fred Børre Lundberg, Alexey Prokurorov, and Harri Kirvesniemi). In the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan, she won five medals: three gold, one silver and one bronze medal. She was the most successful athlete at the 1998 Winter Olympics. After the Olympics, Boris Yeltsin awarded her the title Hero of the Russian Federation. Lazutina earned several medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships. She won a total of sixteen medals, including eleven gold, three silver and two bronze medals. She was also the first three-time winner of the women's 30 km event at the Holmenkollen ski festival (1995, 1998, and 2001). Lazutina was banned from competition for a period of two years due to a positive drug test result during the 200 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Mühlegg
Johann Mühlegg (born 8 November 1970 in Ostallgäu, Germany) is a former top level cross-country skier who competed in international competitions first representing Germany and then Spain, after becoming a Spanish citizen in 1999. He was excluded and disqualified from the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City for doping. Early career Mühlegg participated for Germany in the 1992, 1994 and 1998 Winter Olympics, even though he began having trouble with Germany's ski federation in 1993. From the beginning, Mühlegg singled himself out, at one point accusing German head coach Georg Zipfel for "damaging him spiritually" (the so-called ''Spiritistenaffäre''). He was thrown off the team in 1995, but was reinstated later. But from that moment on, the ever eccentric Mühlegg insisted on taking a flask of holy water with him at all times, and trusting only his Portuguese cleaning woman/chaperone Justina Agostinho. In the end, Mühlegg was branded as a team cancer and was thrown out. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cross-country Skiing At The 2002 Winter Olympics
The cross-country skiing events at the 2002 Winter Olympics were marred by drug problems. The winners of three races were disqualified after blood tests showed that three skiers had overly high red blood cell counts indicating the use of darbepoetin, a drug used to treat anemia. At the time, the drug was not specifically listed in the International Olympic Committee's (IOC) list of banned substances, but the Olympic rules generally prohibit doping of any kind, in accordance with its charter. After two years and several lawsuits in Olympic and Swiss courts, the skiers in question ( Johann Mühlegg of Spain, and Larissa Lazutina and Olga Danilova of Russia) were stripped of all their medals from the 2002 Games. See the external links below for the official IOC press releases containing detailed information of the doping cases and their resolution, including initial, intermediate, and final amended results. This article gives the final medalists as decided on by the IOC in ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nagano, Nagano
is the capital and largest city of Nagano Prefecture, located in the Nagano Basin (Zenkoji Daira) in the central Chūbu region of Japan. Nagano is categorized as a core city of Japan. Nagano City is the highest prefectural capital in Japan, with an altitude of . The city is surrounded by mountains, the highest of which is Mount Takatsuma (2,353m), and is near the confluence of the Chikuma River - the longest and widest river in Japan - and the Sai River. , the city had an estimated population of 370,632 in 160,625 households, and a population density of 444 persons per km2. The total area of the city is . Overview Nagano City, located in the former Shinano Province, developed from the Nara period (AD 710 to 794) as a temple town (''monzen machi''). The city of Nagano is home to Zenkō-ji, a 7th-century Buddhist temple that is listed as a Japanese national treasure. Zenkō-ji was established in its current location in 642 AD. The location of Zenkō-ji is approximately 2 kilomet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holmenkollen Ski Festival
The Holmenkollen Ski Festival ( no, Holmenkollen skifestival or ) is a traditional annual Nordic skiing event in Holmenkollen, Oslo, Norway. The full official name of the event is Holmenkollen FIS World Cup Nordic. History It takes place in March and has been arranged every year since 1892, except for 1898 and during World War II (1941–1945). The event is arranged by Skiforeningen and takes place at Holmenkollen National Arena and ski jumping hills Holmenkollbakken and Midtstubakken. In 2009 Holmenkollen was under renovation and replacement races were held in Trondheim for cross-country skiing and biathlon, and in Vikersund for ski jumping and nordic combined. In 2011, Holmenkollen hosted the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships and there was no separate Holmenkollen Ski Festival. Previously Holmekollen had hosted World Championships in 1930, 1966, 1982, and it also hosted the Nordic skiing events of 1952 Winter Olympics that were also that year's World Championships. Holmenkolle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tatar ASSR
The Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (russian: Татарская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика; tt-Cyrl, Татарстан Автономияле Совет Социалистик Республикасы), abbreviated as Tatar ASSR (russian: Татарская АССР; tt-Cyrl, Татарстан АССР) or TASSR (russian: ТАССР; tt-Cyrl, ТАССР) (1920–1990), was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR. The resolution for its creation was signed on 27 May 1920 and the republic was proclaimed on 25 June 1920. Kazan served as its capital. The territory of the TASSR was a part of Kazan, Simbirsk, and Ufa Governorates ('' guberniyas'') of the Imperial Russia before the October Revolution of 1917. *1920: Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic *1990: Tatar Soviet Socialist Republic *1992: Republic of Tatarstan Notable people *Gabdulkhay Akhatov - professor and Turkologist *Sofia Guba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Language
Russian (russian: русский язык, russkij jazyk, link=no, ) is an East Slavic languages, East Slavic language mainly spoken in Russia. It is the First language, native language of the Russians, and belongs to the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family. It is one of four living East Slavic languages, and is also a part of the larger Balto-Slavic languages. Besides Russia itself, Russian is an official language in Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, and is used widely as a lingua franca throughout Ukraine, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and to some extent in the Baltic states. It was the De facto#National languages, ''de facto'' language of the former Soviet Union,1977 Soviet Constitution, Constitution and Fundamental Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 1977: Section II, Chapter 6, Article 36 and continues to be used in public life with varying proficiency in all of the post-Soviet states. Russian has over 258 million total speakers worldwide. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FIS Nordic Junior World Ski Championships
The FIS Nordic Junior World Ski Championships is an annual nordic skiing event organized by the International Ski Federation (FIS). The Junior World Championships was started in 1977 and was first hosted in Sainte-Croix, Switzerland. The Junior World Championship events include nordic skiing's three disciplines: cross-country skiing, ski jumping, and nordic combined (the latter being a combination sport consisting of both cross-country and ski jumping). Editions Notes: * 1984: First with nordic combined team event * 1986: First with 30 km (men) and 15 km (women) in cross-country skiing / First with ski jumping team event * 2000: First with sprint in cross-country skiing / First with sprint (5 km) in nordic combined * 2006: First with ski jumping for women / First with under-23 events * 2008: Originally scheduled in Szczyrk and Wisła * 2016: First with mixed team in ski jumping * 2019: Originally scheduled in Vuokatti / First with nordic combined for women * 2021: Originally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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