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Old Russian Literature
Old East Slavic literature, also known as Old Russian literature, is a collection of literary works of Kievan Rus', Rus' authors, which includes all the works of ancient Rus' theologians, historians, philosophers, translators, etc., and written in Old East Slavic. It is a general term that unites the common literary heritage of Russian literature#Early history, Russia, Belarusian literature#History, Belarus and Ukrainian literature, Ukraine of the ancient period. In terms of genre construction, it has a number of differences from medieval European literature. The greatest influence on the literature of ancient Rus' was exerted by polish literature#middle ages, old Polish and Medieval Serbian literature, old Serbian literature. Most of the monuments of Old East Slavic literature have been preserved in the form of manuscripts. The most common type of manuscript was literary collections. Notebooks written by a single scribe could then be bound by the scribe or binder himself. Such col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostromir John
Ostromir (''Остромир'' in Russian language, Russian; Christian name - Joseph) (died c. 1057) was a politician, statesman, Voivode, voivod and posadnik of Novgorod in 1054-1057 and probably for some decades previous. Ostromir is known from the first Russian dated book, the Ostromir Gospels (or Ostromir Codex), which he commissioned from his scribe Gregory. The chronicles record that Ostromir was the father of Vyshata and the grandfather of Yan Vyshatich. The Ostromir Gospels names his wife as Theophana, viewed by Andrzej Poppe as a daughter of Anna Porphyrogeneta and Vladimir the Great. Another popular speculation posits Konstantin Dobrynich as the father of Ostromir.Прозоровский Д.И. ''О родстве св. Владимира по матери''. // Записки Академии Наук, т. 5, 1864. According to the Sofia First Chronicle, First Sophia Chronicle, Ostromir died in 1056 during his military campaign against the Chudes. It is highly unlikely, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Praying Of Daniel The Immured
The Prayer of Daniil Zatochnik, also translated as The Supplication of Daniel the Exile or Praying of Daniel the Immured (russian: Моление Даниила Заточника, translit=Moleniye Daniila Zatochnika), is an Old East Slavic text created by the Pereyaslavl-born writer Daniil Zatochnik during the 13th century (estimated time 1213—1236).''Andr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Accentual Verse
Accentual verse has a fixed number of stresses per line regardless of the number of syllables that are present. It is common in languages that are stress-timed, such as English, as opposed to syllabic verse which is common in syllable-timed languages, such as French. Children's poetry Accentual verse is particularly common in children's poetry; nursery rhymes and the less well-known skipping-rope rhymes are the most common form of accentual verse in the English Language. The following poem, "Baa Baa Black Sheep," has two stresses in each line but a varying number of syllables. Bold represents stressed syllables, and the number of syllables in each line is noted. Baa, baa, black sheep, (4) Have you any wool? (5) Yes sir, yes sir, (4) Three bags full; (3) One for the mas-ter, (5) And one for the dame, (5) And one for the lit-tle boy (7) Who lives down the lane. (5) Accentual verse derives its musical qualities from its flexibility with unstressed syllables and tends to follow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skald
A skald, or skáld (Old Norse: , later ; , meaning "poet"), is one of the often named poets who composed skaldic poetry, one of the two kinds of Old Norse poetry, the other being Eddic poetry, which is anonymous. Skaldic poems were traditionally composed on one occasion, sometimes extempore, and include both extended works and single verses ('' lausavísur''). They are characteristically more ornate in form and diction than eddic poems, employing many kennings and heiti, more interlacing of sentence elements, and the complex ''dróttkvætt'' metre. More than 5,500 skaldic verses have survived, preserved in more than 700 manuscripts, including in several sagas and in Snorri Sturluson's ''Prose Edda'', a handbook of skaldic composition that led to a revival of the art. Many of these verses are fragments of originally longer works, and the authorship of many is unknown. The earliest known skald from whom verses survive is Bragi Boddason, known as Bragi the Old, a Norwegian skald of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bylina
A ( rus, были́на, p=bɨˈlʲinə; pl. ) is an Old Russian oral epic poem. Byliny narratives are loosely based on historical fact, but greatly embellished with fantasy or hyperbole. The word derives from the past tense of the verb ''to be'' ( rus, был, r=byl) and implies 'something that was'. The term most likely originated from scholars of Russian folklore (folklorists); in 1839, Ivan Sakharov, a Russian folklorist, published an anthology of Russian folklore, a section of which he titled "Byliny of the Russian People", causing the popularization of the term. Later scholars believe that Sakharov misunderstood the word in the opening of the ''Igor Tale'' as "an ancient poem." The folk singers of called their songs ( rus, ста́рины, p=ˈstarʲɪnɨ, ; ) or ( rus, старинки, p=), meaning 'stories of old' ( rus, старый, r=staryj). History Most scholars adhere to the version expressed by Vsevolod Miller that as an old genre originated in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Druzhina
In the medieval history of Kievan Rus' and Early Poland, a druzhina, drużyna, or družyna ( Slovak and cz, družina; pl, drużyna; ; , ''druzhýna'' literally a "fellowship") was a retinue in service of a Slavic chieftain, also called ''knyaz.'' The name is derived from the Slavic word ''drug'' ( друг) with the meaning of "companion, friend". Early Rus' In Early Rus', a druzhina helped the prince administer his principality and constituted the area's military force. The first members of a druzhina were the Varangians, whose princes established control there in the 9th century. Soon, members of the local Slavic aristocracy and adventurers of a variety of other nationalities became druzhinniki. The druzhina's organization varied with time and survived in one form or another until the 16th century. The druzhina was composed of two groups: the senior members, later known as boyars, and the junior members, later known as boyar scions. The boyars were the prince's closest a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byvalschina
(in ) is a short oral story in Russian folklore about a supernatural incident: a case that took place in reality, without focusing on the personal testimony of the narrator (in contrast to the ''bailichka'', where the story is conducted on behalf of the "eyewitness"). It echoes the term ''urban legend''. (in comparison with ''bailichka'') is already closer to legends and fairy tales ("people say that..."). History The terms and became known among the people no later than the 19th century. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, Dmitry Sadovnikov, Pyotr Efimenko, Nikolai Onchukov, Dmitry Zelenin, Boris and Yuri Sokolov, and Irina Karnaukhova collected and . A more complete study of the took place in the second half of the 20th century. proposed a clear distinction between the terms and : "the term corresponds to the concept of superstitious memorat... From the , tradition, that is, the plot... the is distinguished by ... formlessness, singulari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bailichka
(in ) is a story from Russian folklore Folklore of Russia is folklore of Russians and other ethnic groups of Russia. Russian folklore takes its roots in the pagan beliefs of ancient Slavs and now is represented in the Russian fairy tales. Epic Russian bylinas are also an important ... about an allegedly true event involving a meeting with spirits. In contrast to the ''byvalschina'', here the story is conducted with an emphasis on the personal testimony of the narrator. See also * Byvalschina References *Померанцева Э. В. Мифологические персонажи в русском фольклоре. М., 1975. — С. 16-18. *Зиновьев В. П. Быличка как жанр фольклора и её современные судьбы // Мифологические рассказы русского населения Восточной Сибири. — Новосибирск, 1987. — С. 381—383. Russian folklore {{fantasy-stor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Folklore Of Russia
Folklore of Russia is folklore of Russians and other ethnic groups of Russia. Russian folklore takes its roots in the pagan beliefs of ancient Slavs and now is represented in the Russian fairy tales._Epic_Russian_ олше́бн_...s._Epic_Russian_bylinas_are_also_an_important_part_of_Slavic_paganism.html" ;"title="bylina.html" ;"title="олше́бн ...s. Epic Russian bylina">олше́бн ...s. Epic Russian bylinas are also an important part of Slavic paganism">bylina.html" ;"title="олше́бн ...s. Epic Russian bylina">олше́бн ...s. Epic Russian bylinas are also an important part of Slavic paganism. The oldest bylinas of Kievan cycle were recorded in the Northwestern Federal District, Russian North, especially in Karelia, where most of the Finnish people, Finnish national epic Kalevala was recorded as well. In the late 19th-century Russian fairy tales began being translated into English, with ''Russian Folk Tales'' (1873) by William Ralston, and ''Tales and Le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fairy Tales
A fairy tale (alternative names include fairytale, fairy story, magic tale, or wonder tale) is a short story that belongs to the folklore genre. Such stories typically feature magic, enchantments, and mythical or fanciful beings. In most cultures, there is no clear line separating myth from folk or fairy tale; all these together form the literature of preliterate societies. Fairy tales may be distinguished from other folk narratives such as legends (which generally involve belief in the veracity of the events described) and explicit moral tales, including beast fables. In less technical contexts, the term is also used to describe something blessed with unusual happiness, as in "fairy-tale ending" (a happy ending) or "fairy-tale romance". Colloquially, the term "fairy tale" or "fairy story" can also mean any far-fetched story or tall tale; it is used especially of any story that not only is not true, but could not possibly be true. Legends are perceived as real within their cul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myths
Myth is a folklore genre consisting of Narrative, narratives that play a fundamental role in a society, such as foundational tales or Origin myth, origin myths. Since "myth" is widely used to imply that a story is not Objectivity (philosophy), objectively true, the identification of a narrative as a myth can be highly controversial. Many adherents of religions view their own religions' stories as truth and so object to their characterization as myth, the way they see the stories of other religions. As such, some scholars label all religious narratives "myths" for practical reasons, such as to avoid depreciating any one tradition because cultures interpret each other differently relative to one another. Other scholars avoid using the term "myth" altogether and instead use different terms like "sacred history", "holy story", or simply "history" to avoid placing pejorative overtones on any sacred narrative. Myths are often endorsed by secular and religious authorities and are close ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legend
A legend is a Folklore genre, genre of folklore that consists of a narrative featuring human actions, believed or perceived, both by teller and listeners, to have taken place in human history. Narratives in this genre may demonstrate human values, and possess certain qualities that give the tale verisimilitude (literature), verisimilitude. Legend, for its active and passive participants may include miracles. Legends may be transformed over time to keep them fresh and vital. Many legends operate within the realm of uncertainty, never being entirely believed by the participants, but also never being resolutely doubted. Legends are sometimes distinguished from myths in that they concern human beings as the main characters rather than gods, and sometimes in that they have some sort of historical basis whereas myths generally do not. The Brothers Grimm defined ''legend'' as "Folklore, folktale historically grounded". A by-product of the "concern with human beings" is the long list o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
