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Old Chapter
The Old Chapter was the body in effective control of the Roman Catholic Church in England from 1623 until an episcopal hierarchy was restored in 1850. Origin The origin of the body known as the Old Chapter, dates from 1623, when after a period of more than half a century during which there was no episcopal government in England, Dr. William Bishop was at length created vicar apostolic. He survived less than a year, but during this period he organized a form of Catholic ecclesiastical government, by means of archdeacons and rural deans, throughout the country. It continued in force with little change down to the re-establishment of the hierarchy.Ward, Bernard. "The Old Chapter." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 18 January 2019 An integral part of his s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Catholic Church In England
The Catholic Church in England and Wales ( la, Ecclesia Catholica in Anglia et Cambria; cy, Yr Eglwys Gatholig yng Nghymru a Lloegr) is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in full communion with the Holy See. Its origins date from the 6th century, when Pope Gregory I through the Benedictine missionary, Augustine of Canterbury, intensified the evangelization of the Kingdom of Kent linking it to the Holy See in 597 AD. This unbroken communion with the Holy See lasted until King Henry VIII ended it in 1534. Communion with Rome was restored by Queen Mary I in 1555 following the Second Statute of Repeal and eventually finally broken by Elizabeth I's 1559 Religious Settlement, which made "no significant concessions to Catholic opinion represented by the church hierarchy and much of the nobility." For two hundred and fifty years the government forced members of the pre-Reformation Catholic Church known as recusants to go underground and seek academic training in Catholic Europe, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Alexander VII
Pope Alexander VII ( it, Alessandro VII; 13 February 159922 May 1667), born Fabio Chigi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 April 1655 to his death in May 1667. He began his career as a vice- papal legate, and he held various diplomatic positions in the Holy See. He was ordained as a priest in 1634, and he became bishop of Nardo in 1635. He was later transferred in 1652, and he became bishop of Imola. Pope Innocent X made him secretary of state in 1651, and in 1652, he was appointed a cardinal. Early in his papacy, Alexander, who was seen as an anti-nepotist at the time of his election, lived simply; later, however, he gave jobs to his relatives, who eventually took over his administration. His administration worked to support the Jesuits. However, his administration's relations with France were strained due to his frictions with French diplomats. Alexander was interested in architecture and supported various urban projects in Rome. He als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edwin Burton
The name Edwin means "rich friend". It comes from the Old English elements "ead" (rich, blessed) and "ƿine" (friend). The original Anglo-Saxon form is Eadƿine, which is also found for Anglo-Saxon figures. People * Edwin of Northumbria (died 632 or 633), King of Northumbria and Christian saint * Edwin (son of Edward the Elder) (died 933) * Eadwine of Sussex (died 982), King of Sussex * Eadwine of Abingdon (died 990), Abbot of Abingdon * Edwin, Earl of Mercia (died 1071), brother-in-law of Harold Godwinson (Harold II) *Edwin (director) (born 1978), Indonesian filmmaker * Edwin (musician) (born 1968), Canadian musician * E. W. Abeygunasekera, Edwin Abeygunasekera, Sri Lankan Sinhala politician, member of the 1st State Council of Ceylon, 1st and 2nd State Council of Ceylon * Edwin Ariyadasa (1922-2021), Sri Lankan Sinhala journalist * Edwin Austin Abbey (1852–1911) British artist * Edwin Eugene Aldrin (born 1930), although he changed it to Buzz Aldrin, American astronaut * Edw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Hungerford Pollen (Jesuit)
John Hungerford Pollen (22 September 1858–1925) was an English Jesuit, known as a historian of the Protestant Reformation. Life John Hungerford Pollen was the son of John Hungerford Pollen and Maria Margaret Pollen. The third of ten children, he was born in London in 1858. His father was professor of fine arts at the Catholic University in Dublin. Pollen junior was educated at The Oratory School in Birmingham, and then London University. Pollen entered the Society of Jesus in 1877 and was ordained in 1891. In 1895 he was assigned the task of creating a history of the Society in England. Pollen became involved in historical research and archives. His research took him through England, France, and Italy. By 1920 he held the title of Keeper of the Archives. He was one of the group of Jesuit historians restoring the reputation of Robert Persons. He was influential in the history of the term ''Counter-Reformation'', accepting for the Catholic side the appellation for the period ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Dodd
Hugh Tootell (1671/72 – 27 February 1743) was an English Catholic historian. He is commonly known under his pseudonym Charles Dodd. Life Tootell was born in Lancashire. He was tutored by his uncle, Christopher Tootle, before studying with Edward Hawarden at the English College, Douay (1688-1693). He earned a bachelor of divinity at St Gregory's Seminary, Paris (1693-1697). He adopted the pen name "Charles Dodd" to spare his family a fine under the Penal Laws, for sending him abroad to be educated. He travelled widely in Europe, and after ordination he returned to England in 1698 to serve for a time on the English mission, before becoming chaplain to the Molyneux family at Mosborough Hall, Lancashire.Burton, Edwin. "Hugh Tootell." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Compa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Kirk (antiquarian)
John Kirk D.D. (1760–1851) was an English Roman Catholic priest and antiquary. Life He was son of William Kirk and his wife, Mary Fielding. He was born at Ruckley, near Acton Burnell, Shropshire, on 13 April 1760. At ten years of age he was sent to Sedgley Park School, Staffordshire. He was admitted into the English College, Rome on 5 June 1773, a few months before the suppression of the Society of Jesus by Pope Clement XIV. He was the last student received at the college by the Jesuits. Kirk was ordained priest on 18 December 1784. Returning to England in August 1785, his first mission was at Aldenham Hall, Shropshire, in the family of Sir Richard Acton. In 1786, he became chaplain at Sedgley Park School, and as vice-president assisted the Rev Thomas Southworth, whom he succeeded as president in 1793. He had previously removed to the small mission at Pipe-hall, near Lichfield, and he had charge of the congregation at Tamworth. In July 1797, he left Sedgley to become cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernard Ward (bishop)
Bernard Nicholas Ward (4 February 1857 – 21 January 1920) was an English prelate who served in the Roman Catholic Church as the Bishop of Brentwood from 1917 until his death in 1920. He was "a distinguished educationalist and the foremost historian of English Catholicism of his generation." Life Born at Old Hall Green, Hertfordshire on 4 February 1857, he was ordained to the priesthood on 8 October 1882. In 1917, the Diocese of Brentwood was created from the Archdiocese of Westminster. Ward was appointed the Apostolic Administrator and Titular Bishop of Lydda on 22 March 1917. His consecration to the Episcopate took place on 10 April 1917, the principal consecrator was Cardinal Francis Bourne, Archbishop of Westminster, and the principal co-consecrators were John Francis Vaughan, Auxiliary Bishop of Salford and Joseph Butt, Auxiliary Bishop of Westminster. Three months later, Ward was appointed the first Bishop of the Diocese of Brentwood on 20 July 1917. Ward was known as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James II Of England
James VII and II (14 October 1633 16 September 1701) was King of England and King of Ireland as James II, and King of Scotland as James VII from the death of his elder brother, Charles II, on 6 February 1685. He was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. He was the last Catholic monarch of England, Scotland, and Ireland. His reign is now remembered primarily for conflicts over religious tolerance, but it also involved struggles over the principles of absolutism and the divine right of kings. His deposition ended a century of political and civil strife in England by confirming the primacy of the English Parliament over the Crown. James succeeded to the thrones of England, Ireland, and Scotland following the death of his brother with widespread support in all three countries, largely because the principles of eligibility based on divine right and birth were widely accepted. Tolerance of his personal Catholicism did not extend to tolerance of Catholicism in general, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Leyburn
John Leyburn (1615 – 20 June, 1702) was an English Roman Catholic bishop who served as the Vicar Apostolic of England from 1685 to 1688 and then when it was divided served as the Vicar Apostolic of the London District from 1688 to 1702. He was not only a theologian, but also a mathematician, and an intimate friend of Descartes and Hobbes. Life He was the fourth son of John Leyburn and Catharine Carr, nephew of George Leyburn, and descended from Westmorland MP Sir James Leyburn. He was educated at the English College, Douai, where he was admitted a student on 20 June 1633. He received holy orders in 1646, and was engaged for some time in teaching the classics in the college. Richard Smith had served as chaplain to Viscountess Montague, wife of Anthony-Maria Browne, 2nd Viscount Montagu, at Battle Abbey in Sussex, from 1603 to 1609, when he left to go to Paris to study and write at Arras College. Smith was appointed Apostolic Vicar for the whole of England, Wales and Scotland in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Smith (bishop)
Richard Smith (Hanworth, England, November 1568 – Paris, 18 March 1655), (officially the Bishop of Chalcedon, Bishop ''in partibus'' of Chalcedon). Having studied at the English College in Rome, he taught at Valladolid and Seville. He succeeded William Bishop (bishop), William Bishop, as the second Catholic Vicar apostolic for England, Wales and Scotland. Life Richard Smith was born in Lincolnshire, England in 1568. He studied at Trinity College, Oxford, Trinity College, Oxford University where he became a Catholic and in 1586 was admitted to the English College, Rome where he studied under Robert Bellarmine.Burton, Edwin. "Richard Smith." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 19 January 2019 Smith was ordained in Rome as a Catholic priest, priest in 15 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Episcopal Polity
An episcopal polity is a Hierarchy, hierarchical form of Ecclesiastical polity, church governance ("ecclesiastical polity") in which the chief local authorities are called bishops. (The word "bishop" derives, via the British Latin and Vulgar Latin term ''*ebiscopus''/''*biscopus'', from the Ancient Greek ''epískopos'' meaning "overseer".) It is the structure used by many of the major Christian Churches and Christian denomination, denominations, such as the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodox, Church of the East, Anglicanism, Anglican, Lutheranism, Lutheran and Methodist churches or denominations, and other churches founded independently from these lineages. Churches with an episcopal polity are governed by bishops, practising their authorities in the dioceses and Episcopal Conference, conferences or synods. Their leadership is both sacramental and constitutional; as well as performing ordinations, confirmations, and cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy See
The Holy See ( lat, Sancta Sedes, ; it, Santa Sede ), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the Pope in his role as the bishop of Rome. It includes the apostolic episcopal see of the Diocese of Rome, which has ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the Catholic Church and the sovereign city-state known as the Vatican City. According to Catholic tradition it was founded in the first century by Saints Peter and Paul and, by virtue of Petrine and papal primacy, is the focal point of full communion for Catholic Christians around the world. As a sovereign entity, the Holy See is headquartered in, operates from, and exercises "exclusive dominion" over the independent Vatican City State enclave in Rome, of which the pope is sovereign. The Holy See is administered by the Roman Curia (Latin for "Roman Court"), which is the central government of the Catholic Church. The Roman Curia includes various dicasteries, comparable to ministries and ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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