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Odebrecht Case
The Odebrecht case is one of the largest corruption cases documented in recent Latin American history, spanning more than 30 years. It is based on an investigation by the United States Department of Justice, along with 10 other Latin American countries, into the Brazilian construction company Odebrecht. This investigation details how Odebrecht would have made bribes to presidents, former presidents and government officials of 12 countries: Angola, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, United States, Guatemala, Mexico, Mozambique, Panama, Peru, Dominican Republic and Venezuela, during the last 20 years, in order to obtain benefits in public contracting. Argentina According to US prosecutors, between 2007 and 2014 Odebrecht made multiple bribery payments worth $35 million to government officials in Argentina. On the 4th of January 2017, the head of the Argentine AFI (Federal Intelligence Agency), Gustavo Arribas, was indicted for receiving bribes and other gifts from Odebrecht. Be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corruption
Corruption is a form of dishonesty or a criminal offense which is undertaken by a person or an organization which is entrusted in a position of authority, in order to acquire illicit benefits or abuse power for one's personal gain. Corruption may involve many activities which include bribery, influence peddling and the embezzlement and it may also involve practices which are legal in many countries. Political corruption occurs when an office-holder or other governmental employee acts with an official capacity for personal gain. Corruption is most common in Kleptocracy, kleptocracies, oligarchy, oligarchies, narco-states, and mafia states. Corruption and crime are endemic sociological occurrences which appear with regular frequency in virtually all countries on a global scale in varying degrees and proportions. Each individual nation allocates domestic resources for the control and regulation of corruption and the deterrence of crime. Strategies which are undertaken in order to c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pemex
Pemex (a portmanteau of Petróleos Mexicanos, which translates to ''Mexican Petroleum'' in English; ) is the Mexican state-owned petroleum company managed and operated by the Mexican government. It was formed in 1938 by nationalization and expropriation of all private oil companies in Mexico at the time of its formation. Pemex had total assets worth $101.8 billion in December 2019 and as of 2009 was Latin America's second largest enterprise by annual revenue, surpassed only by Petrobras (the Brazilian national oil company). The company is the seventh most polluting in the world according to ''The Guardian''. History Asphalt and pitch had been worked in Mexico since the time of the Aztecs. Small quantities of oil were first refined into kerosene around 1876 near Tampico. By the early 20th century, commercial quantities of oil were being extracted and refined by subsidiaries of the British Pearson and American Doheny companies and had attracted the attention of the Mexican ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phases Of Operation Car Wash
A long series of criminal investigations have occurred in Brazil associated with Operation Car Wash. The first investigation was launched in March 2014, and is now known as of the investigation, with subsequent inquiries numbered sequentially and having code names such as (Operation Bidone), (Operation Casablanca), and so on. By September 2020, there were 74 announced phases of Operation Car Wash.. Besides these, there were other investigations that are considered offshoots of Operation Car Wash. Background Operation Car Wash ( pt, Operação Lava Jato) was an investigation into money laundering and political corruption in Brazil, which has been led by investigative judges, and carried out by the Federal Police. Since its initiation, many investigations have been conducted by the Public Prosecutor's Office, the Attorney General's Office and the Federal Police from documents collected from search warrants, '' condução coercitiva'' warrants, and documents and testimoni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Offshoots Of Operation Car Wash
A long series of criminal investigations have occurred in Brazil associated with Operation Car Wash, since the first one began in March 2014. These investigations are considered offshoots of the original Phases of Operation Car Wash, phased investigations. Background Operation Car Wash ( pt, Operação Lava Jato) is an ongoing investigation into money laundering and political corruption in Brazil, which has been led by investigative judges, and carried out by the Federal Police (Brazil), Federal Police. Since its initiation in March 2014, many supplemental investigations that were offshoots of the original one have been conducted by the Public Prosecutor's Office (Brazil), Public Prosecutor's Office, the Public Ministry (Brazil), Attorney General's Office and the Federal Police of Brazil, Federal Police from documents collected from search warrants, depositions from ''condução coercitiva'' warrants, and documents and testimony obtained through plea bargaining ( pt, delação ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Odebrecht–Car Wash Leniency Agreement
The Odebrecht–Car Wash leniency agreement, also known in Brazil as the "end of the world plea deal" (), was the leniency agreement signed between Odebrecht S.A. and the Public Prosecutor's Office (PGR) in December 2016, as part of Operation Car Wash. The agreement provided for the deposition of 78 of the contractor's executives, including the former president Marcelo Odebrecht, and his father, , which generated 83 investigations at the Supreme Federal Court (STF). In March 2017, Attorney General Rodrigo Janot asked the Supreme Tribunal to withdraw the secrecy of the depositions. The following month, on 11 April, STF Minister Edson Fachin accepted the request of the A-G and withdrew the secrecy of investigations. On 12 April, federal judge Sérgio Moro followed the same line as the Supreme Tribunal and withdrew the secrecy of denunciations involving people without ' status from the jurisdiction of judges of first instance. Moro said in his order, "The judiciary should not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolás Maduro
Nicolás Maduro Moros (; born 23 November 1962) is a Venezuelan politician and president of Venezuela since 2013, with his presidency under dispute since 2019. Beginning his working life as a bus driver, Maduro rose to become a trade union leader before being elected to the National Assembly in 2000. He was appointed to a number of positions under President Hugo Chávez, serving as President of the National Assembly from 2005 to 2006, as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2006 to 2013 and as the vice president from 2012 to 2013 under Chávez. After Chávez's death was announced on 5 March 2013, Maduro assumed the presidency. A special presidential election was held in 2013, which Maduro won with 50.62% of the vote as the United Socialist Party of Venezuela candidate. He has ruled Venezuela by decree since 2015 through powers granted to him by the ruling party legislature. Shortages in Venezuela and decreased living standards led to protests beginning in 2014 that escala ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rodrigo Janot
Rodrigo Janot Monteiro de Barros (born September 15, 1956, Belo Horizonte) is a Brazilian jurist who served as the Prosecutor General of the Republic from 2013 to 2017. Career Rodrigo Janot graduated with an undergraduate degree in law from the Federal University of Minas Gerais in 1979. He completed a specialization in 1985 and master's degree in 1986, from the same university. From 1987 to 1989, he attended a university in Pisa, Italy, called the Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento Sant'Anna , latin_name = , image = , motto = L'eccellenza come disciplina , mottoeng = Committed to excellence , established = 1987 from previously existing institutions , type = State-supported , administrative_staff .... Acted as a private attorney from 1980, until 1984, when he joined the Federal Prosecutor's office as a State Prosecutor. He was promoted to Regional Prosecutor in 1993, and Assistant Attorney General for the Republ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luisa Ortega Díaz
Luisa Marvelia Ortega Díaz (born 11 January 1958) is a Venezuelan lawyer. Between December 2007 and August 2017, she served as the Prosecutor General of Venezuela. A proponent of the Chavismo ideology, Ortega Díaz was fired as Prosecutor General on 5 August 2017 by the Supreme Tribunal of Justice and the Constituent National Assembly (ANC) promoted by Nicolás Maduro, following a breaking with the Maduro government as a result of the 2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis in the context of the crisis in Venezuela. This dismissal was rejected by the opposition-led National Assembly of Venezuela, arguing that only that institution had the power to carry out said removal according to the Constitution, and cataloging the Prosecutor as the only legitimate authority of the Public Ministry. As a result, she is called by the National Assembly, the Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela in exile and some media outlets as the Prosecutor General of Venezuela in exile. Early life and c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugo Chávez
Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (; 28 July 1954 – 5 March 2013) was a Venezuelan politician who was president of Venezuela from 1999 until his death in 2013, except for a brief period in 2002. Chávez was also leader of the Fifth Republic Movement political party from its foundation in 1997 until 2007, when it merged with several other parties to form the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), which he led until 2012. Born into a middle-class family in Sabaneta, Barinas, Chávez became a career military officer and, after becoming dissatisfied with the Venezuelan political system based on the Puntofijo Pact, he founded the clandestine Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 (MBR-200) in the early 1980s. Chávez led the MBR-200 in its unsuccessful coup d'état against the Democratic Action government of President Carlos Andrés Pérez in 1992, for which he was imprisoned. Pardoned from prison two years later, he founded the Fifth Republic Movement political party, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Susana Villarán
Susana María del Carmen Villarán de la Puente is a centre-left politician in Peru, a former presidential candidate, and in municipal elections in 2010 became the first woman to be elected Mayor of Lima. She is vice president of the Decentralist Social Force Party (', FS) and formerly worked as a journalist and a secondary school teacher. Personal life Born in Lima on 16 August 1949. She was the first daughter and the second of the seven children of Fernando Villarán Duany and Josefina de la Puente y Lavalle. Villarán studied at ''L'École Nouvelle'' of Miraflores and Colegio Sagrados Corazones Chalet of Chorrillos. Political life She was a member of Lima's Metropolitan Municipality from 1983 to 1985, and co-founded with former mayor Alfonso Barrantes Lingán the ''Vaso de leche'' (glass of milk) program promoting child nutrition. In 1995 Villarán was elected national co-ordinator of the Party for Social Democracy (''Partido por la Democracia Social - Compromiso Perú' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ricardo Martinelli
Ricardo Alberto Martinelli Berrocal (born March 11, 1951) is a Panamanian politician and businessman who was the 36th President of Panama, president of Panama from 2009 to 2014. Early life Born in Panama City, Ricardo Martinelli is the son of Ricardo Martinelli Pardini and Gloria Berrocal Fábrega.English Translation His father is of Italian descent, and his mother is of Spanish descent. He completed his secondary education at Staunton Military Academy in Staunton, Virginia, Staunton, Virginia, in the United States. In 1973 he graduated with a Bachelor_of_Business_Administration#BSBA, bachelor of science in business administration degree from the University of Arkansas where he was a member of Sigma Nu fraternity. Business career Martinelli began his career as a credit officer at Citibank in Panama. After several years of banking, he purchased the business of a client, in turn becoming an entrepreneur, buying or starting additional businesses. His net worth was estimated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan Carlos Varela
Juan Carlos Varela Rodríguez (; born 13 December 1963) is a Panamanian businessman and former politician who served as the President of Panama from 2014 to 2019. Varela was Vice President of Panama from 2009 to 2014, and Minister of Foreign Relations from July 2009 to August 2011. He was President of the Panameñistas, the third-largest political party in Panama, from 2006 to 2016. Varela won the 2014 presidential election with over 39% of the votes, against the Cambio Democrático Party, led by his former political partner Ricardo Martinelli, whose candidate was José Domingo Arias. He was sworn in as president on 1 July 2014. Early life and education Born in Panama City to Luis José Varela Arjona and Bexie Esther Rodríguez Pedreschi. Varela is a businessman and entrepreneur, whose family hails from Herrera Province. His paternal grandfather José Varela Blanco emigrated from Bergondo, Galicia in Spain and settled in the district of Pesé, Herrera in Panama. After g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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