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Odalar Mosque
The Odalar Mosque ( tr, Odalar Câmîi, meaning "the mosque of the barracks" after the nearby accommodations of the married Janissaries established in this quarter in the 18th century. Also: ''Kemankeş Mustafa Paşa Câmîi'') was an Ottoman mosque in Istanbul.Müller-Wiener (1977), p. 188. The building was originally a Byzantine-era Eastern Orthodox church of unknown dedication. In 1475, after the Fall of Constantinople (1453), it became a Roman Catholic church, dedicated to Saint Mary of Constantinople, until finally it was converted into a mosque by the Ottomans in 1640. The mosque was destroyed by fire in 1919, and since then has fallen into ruin. As of 2011, only some walls remain, hidden among modern buildings. Location The ruins of the building lie in Istanbul, in the district of Fatih, in the neighborhood of Salmatomruk, not far from Edirne Kapı (the ancient Gate of Charisius), more or less halfway between the Chora Church and the Fethiye Mosque.Westphalen (1998), p. 1. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chora Church
'' '' tr, Kariye Mosque'' , image = Chora Church Constantinople 2007 panorama 002.jpg , caption = Exterior rear view , map_type = Istanbul Fatih , map_size = 220px , map_caption = Location within the Fatih district of Istanbul , location = Istanbul, Turkey , coordinates = , latitude = , longitude = , religious_affiliation = Greek Orthodox Church (before 1500), Sunni Islam (1500–1945, 2020–present), Directorate of Religious Affairs of Turkey (1924–1945, 2020–present) , status = , functional_status = Mosque , heritage_designation = , leadership = , website = , architecture = yes , architect = , architecture_type = Church , architecture_style = Byzantine architecture, Greek architecture, Ottoman architecture, Islamic , capacity = , length ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cistern Of Aetius
The Cistern of Aetius ( gr, ἡ Κινστέρνη τοῦ Ἄετίου) was an important Byzantine water reservoir in the city of Constantinople. Once one of the largest Byzantine cisterns, it is now a football stadium in Istanbul. Since 1928 it has been known as Eyice (1955), p. 71. or , while in the Ottoman period it was known as the . Location The cistern is located in Istanbul, in the district of Fatih (the walled city), in the neighborhood of Karagümrük, about southeast of the Gate of Edirne (the Byzantine Gate of Charisius, later known as Gate of Adrianople) of the city walls, along ''Fevzi Paşa Caddesi''.Müller-Wiener (1977), p. 278Janin (1964), p. 203 It lies at the upper end of the valley which divides the fifth and the sixth hills of Constantinople. History Although according to a late tradition, the erection of the cistern, which lay in the fourteenth region of Constantinople, dates back to the reign of Emperor Valens (r. 364–78), it is ascertained ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monogram
A monogram is a motif made by overlapping or combining two or more letters or other graphemes to form one symbol. Monograms are often made by combining the initials of an individual or a company, used as recognizable symbols or logos. A series of uncombined initials is properly referred to as a cypher (e.g. a royal cypher) and is not a monogram. History Monograms first appeared on coins, as early as 350 BC. The earliest known examples are of the names of Greek cities which issued the coins, often the first two letters of the city's name. For example, the monogram of Achaea consisted of the letters alpha (Α) and chi (Χ) joined together. Monograms have been used as signatures by artists and craft workers on paintings, sculptures and pieces of furniture, especially when guilds enforced measures against unauthorized participation in the trade. A famous example of a monogram serving as an artist's signature is the "AD" used by Albrecht Dürer. Christograms Over the centurie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hagia Sophia
Hagia Sophia ( 'Holy Wisdom'; ; ; ), officially the Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque ( tr, Ayasofya-i Kebir Cami-i Şerifi), is a mosque and major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey. The cathedral was originally built as a Greek Orthodox church which lasted from 360 AD until the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire in 1453. It served as a mosque until 1935, when it became a museum. In 2020, the site once again became a mosque. The current structure was built by the eastern Roman emperor Justinian I as the Christian cathedral of Constantinople for the state church of the Roman Empire between 532 and 537, and was designed by the Greek geometers Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles. It was formally called the Church of the Holy Wisdom () and upon completion became the world's largest interior space and among the first to employ a fully pendentive dome. It is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture and is said to have "changed the history o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Little Hagia Sophia
Little Hagia Sophia Mosque (church) ( tr, Küçük Ayasofya Camii), formerly the Church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus ( el, , ''Ekklēsía tôn Hagíōn Sergíou kaì Bákchou en toîs Hormísdou''), is a former Greek Eastern Orthodox church dedicated to Saints Sergius and Bacchus in Constantinople, built between 532 and 536, and converted into a mosque during the Ottoman Empire. This Byzantine building with a central dome plan was erected in the sixth century by Justinian; despite its Turkish name, it likely was not a model for Hagia Sophia ("Holy Wisdom"), with which its construction was contemporary, but it is nonetheless one of the most important early Byzantine buildings in Istanbul. It was recognized at the time by Procopius as an adornment to the entire city, and a modern historian of the East Roman Empire has written that the church "by the originality of its architecture and the sumptuousness of its carved decoration, ranks in Constantinople second only to St Sophia i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saints Sergius And Bacchus
Sergius (or Serge) and Bacchus were fourth-century Roman Christian soldiers revered as martyrs and military saints by the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches. Their feast day is 7 October. According to their hagiography, Sergius and Bacchus were officers in Galerius' army, and were held high in his favor until they were exposed as secret Christians. They were then severely punished, with Bacchus dying during torture, and Sergius eventually beheaded. Sergius and Bacchus were very popular throughout Late Antiquity, and churches in their honor were built in several cities, including Constantinople and Rome. The close friendship between the two is strongly emphasized in their hagiographies and traditions, making them one of the most famous examples of paired saints. This closeness led the historian John Boswell to suggest that their relationship was a romantic one; though other historians have widely rejected this theory, it has led to popular veneration of Serg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typikon
A typikon (or ''typicon'', ''typica''; gr, , "that of the prescribed form"; Slavonic: Тvпико́нъ ''Typikonə'' or Оуставъ, ''ustavə'') is a liturgical book which contains instructions about the order of the Byzantine Rite office and variable hymns of the Divine Liturgy. Historical development Cathedral Typikon The ancient and medieval cathedral rite of Constantinople, called the "asmatikē akolouthia" ("sung services"), is not well preserved and the earliest surviving manuscript dates from the middle of the eighth century.As quoted in Taft, "Mount Athos...", Description in A. Strittmatter, "The 'Barberinum S. Marci'of Jacques Goar," EphL 47 (1933), 329-67 This rite reached its climax in the Typikon of the Great Church (Hagia Sophia) which was used in only two places, its eponymous cathedral and in the Basilica of Saint Demetrios in Thessalonica; in the latter it survived until the Ottoman conquest and most of what is known of it comes from descriptions in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eirene Doukaina
Irene Doukaina or Ducaena ( el, , ''Eirēnē Doukaina''; – 19 February 1138) was a Byzantine Greek empress by marriage to the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. She was the mother of Emperor John II Komnenos and the historian Anna Komnene. Life Irene was born in 1066 to Andronikos Doukas and Maria of Bulgaria, granddaughter of Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria. Andronikos was a nephew of Emperor Constantine X Doukas and a cousin of Michael VII. Succession of Alexios Irene married Alexios in 1078, when she was still eleven years old. For this reason, the Doukas family supported Alexios in 1081, when a struggle for the throne erupted after the abdication of Nikephoros III Botaneiates. Alexios' mother, Anna Dalassene, a lifelong enemy of the Doukas family, pressured her son to divorce the young Irene and marry Maria of Alania, the former wife of both Michael VII and Nikephoros III. Irene was in fact barred from the coronation ceremony, but the Doukas family convinced the Patria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kecharitomene Nunnery
The Theotokos Kecharitomene Monastery ( gr, Θεοτόκος Κεχαριτωμένη, , Theotokos Kecharitomene , Mother of God, full of grace) was a female convent built in the early 12th century in the Byzantine capital, Constantinople, by Empress Irene Doukaina. It survived until the 15th century. The monastery is chiefly known through its extensive charter (''typikon''), issued by its founder and based on the model of the Theotokos Euergetis Monastery. It was built in the northern part of Constantinople, adjacent to the male monastery of Christ Philanthropos, founded slightly earlier (1107) by Irene. The two were separated by a wall, but served by a common water system. According to the ''typikon'', the monastery was initially envisaged to house 24 nuns, but the rules allowed the number to be raised to 40. It was cenobitic, with the nuns sleeping in a common dormitory rather than individual cells. The nuns lived in strict seclusion, and no men were allowed to enter the complex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monastery Of Manuel
The Kefeli Mosque ( tr, Kefeli Câmîi, meaning "the mosque of the Caffariotes", after the inhabitants of the city of Caffa in Crimea, or also ''Kefeli Mescidi'', where ''Mescit'' is the Turkish word for a small mosque) is a former Eastern Orthodox church, later jointly officiated by Roman Catholics and Armenian Apostolic Church, Armenians, and finally converted into a mosque by the Ottoman Empire, Ottomans. The Catholic Church was dedicated to Saint Nicholas. Its date of dedication as an Eastern Orthodox church is unknown, but it is commonly identified with the 9th-century Monastery of Manuel ( gr, Μονὴ τοῦ Μανουήλ). The interest of Kefeli Mosque arises because it repurposes the early Christian basilica form during the later Byzantine Empire, Byzantine period.Mathews (1976), p. 190. Location The building lies in Istanbul, in the district of Fatih, in the neighborhood of Salmatomruk, on ''Kasap Sokak'', more or less halfway between the mosque of Chora Church, Chor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theotokos
''Theotokos'' (Greek: ) is a title of Mary, mother of Jesus, used especially in Eastern Christianity. The usual Latin translations are ''Dei Genitrix'' or ''Deipara'' (approximately "parent (fem.) of God"). Familiar English translations are "Mother of God" or "God-bearer" – but these both have different literal equivalents in Greek, Μήτηρ Θεοῦ and Θεοφόρος ("Who gave birth to one who was God", "Whose child was God", respectively). The title has been in use since the 3rd century, in the Syriac tradition (as ) in the Liturgy of Mari and Addai (3rd century)''Addai and Mari, Liturgy of''. Cross, F. L., ed. ''The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church''. Oxford University Press. 2005. and the Liturgy of St James (4th century). The Council of Ephesus in AD 431 decreed that Mary is the ''Theotokos'' because Her Son Jesus is both God and man: one divine person from two natures (divine and human) intimately and hypostatically united. The title of Mother o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katholikon
A ''katholikon'' or catholicon ( gr, καθολικόν) or ''sobor'' ( Slavonic: съборъ) refers to one of three things in the Eastern Orthodox Church: * The cathedral of a diocese. * The major church building (temple) of a monastery corresponding to a conventual church in Western Christianity. * A large church in a city at which all the faithful of the city gather to celebrate certain important feasts rather than go to their local parish church. The name derives from the fact that it is (usually) the largest church where all gather together to celebrate the major feast days of the liturgical year. In Russia, it is common for a katholikon to have a smaller church in the basement which can be more easily heated in the winter. A ''katholikon'' may have special architectural features in it, such as a ''kathedra'' (episcopal throne), or both an ''esonarthex'' (inner-narthex) and ''exonarthex'' (outer narthex), used for special services such as the Paschal vigil or a lity. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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