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Occitan Nationalism
Occitan nationalism is a social and political movement in Occitania. Nationalists seek self-determination, greater autonomy or the creation of a sovereign state of Occitania. The basis of nationalism is linguistic and cultural although currently the Occitan varieties are minority languages within the language area. The territories claimed under the Occitan nation represent a large part of southern France, Monaco, parts of Spain (Val d'Aran), and Italy (Occitan Valleys, Guardia Piemontese). Occitan nationalism in recent years Occitan nationalism re-appears as a reaction of injustice in the regions of southern France in the face of the economic and energy restructuring undertaken by the Gaullists ruling in the 1960s, which gave priority to the most prosperous regions of the northern country. In 1962, the French government decided in a completely arbitrary way to close the mining and industrial complex of La Sala, a fact which then became regarded as the catalyst of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Occitania (with Star)
The Occitan cross (also called ''cross of Occitania'', ''cross of Languedoc'', ''cross of Toulouse''; heraldically ''cross cleché, pommetty and voided'') is a heraldic cross, today chiefly used as a symbol of Occitania. The design was probably first used in the coat of arms of the counts of Forcalquier (in modern Provence), in the 12th century, and by the counts of Toulouse in their capacity as Marquises of Provence, on 13th century coins and seals. It later spread to the other provinces of Occitania, namely Provence, Guyenne, Gascony, Dauphiné, Auvergne (province), Auvergne and Limousin (province), Limousin. A yellow Occitan cross on a blood-red background with the seven-armed golden star of the Félibrige, Felibritge makes up the flag of modern-day Occitania. It can also be found in the emblems of Midi-Pyrénées, Languedoc-Roussillon and Hautes-Alpes, among many others, as well as in cemeteries and at country crossroads. The blazon of the modern emblem is ''gules, a cros ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Partit De La Nacion Occitana
The Partit Nacionalista Occitan, more simply, "PNO" (in English: ''Occitan Nationalist Party'') is a political party of Occitania, founded in 1959 by François Fontan (1929–1979). The current name is "Partit de la Nacion Occitana" (in English: "Occitan Nation Party"). François Fontan and the Ethnism Author of "Ethnism" (in French : "Ethnisme"), François Fontan argues that ''the language is indicating the nation''. Thus, Occitan nationalism draws its sources from the Félibrige of Frederic Mistral, who since the second half of the 19th century worked for the recognition of the Occitan language in the southern part of France: before that, " la langue d'oc" was just considered as a degenerate form of French ("patois"). Then, the Occitan national conscience has woken up from the feeling of speaking a vernacular language different from the French administrative language. Fontan tried to proclaim an Occitan Republic for the first time in Agen in 1948. The Occitan flag The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2010 French Regional Elections
Regional elections were held in France on 14 and 21 March 2010. At stake were the presidencies of each of France's 26 ''régions'', which, though they do not have legislative autonomy, manage sizable budgets. The elections resulted in significant gains for the French Socialist Party (PS) and its allies, who went on to control 21 of the 22 regions of Metropolitan France. Situation Following the 2004 elections, which saw an historic victory of the left, largely led by the PS, only Alsace and Corsica were still run by the UMP. The left made gains in the national level in 2007 (presidential and legislative), and performed strongly in the 2008 municipal and cantonal elections. In metropolitan France, all incumbent left-wing Presidents are running for a second term in an election which generally favours popular incumbents and anti-government voting. Yet, the left is divided between the PS and Europe Ecology, which performed very strongly in the 2009 European elections. The right, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Free Alliance
The European Free Alliance (EFA) is a European political party that consists of various regionalist, separatist and ethnic minority political parties in Europe. Member parties advocate either for full political independence and sovereignty, or some form of devolution or self-governance for their country or region. The alliance has generally limited its membership to progressive parties; therefore, only a fraction of European regionalist parties are members of the EFA. Since 1999, the EFA and the European Green Party (EGP) have joined forces within Greens–European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) group in the European Parliament, although some EFA members have joined other groups from time to time. The EFA's youth wing is the European Free Alliance Youth (EFAY), founded in 2000. As of 2021, four European regions are led by EFA politicians: Scotland with Nicola Sturgeon of the Scottish National Party, Flanders with Jan Jambon of the New Flemish Alliance, Corsica with Gill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Régions Et Peuples Solidaires
Régions et Peuples Solidaires (English: Regions and Peoples with Solidarity) is a political federation of various regionalist parties (particularly of centre-left affiliation) in France. It was founded in 1995, in order to organise a coordinated fight against "Parisian centrism" and " Jacobin conception of peoples" on the French state level. Its president is Gustave Alirol, the chairman of Partit Occitan. The federation has ties with the European Free Alliance. François Alfonsi of the Partitu di a Nazione Corsa was elected as an MEP in the 2009 European election ( South-East) on the Europe Écologie list, and is a member of The Greens–European Free Alliance Group in the European Parliament. Members of ''Fédération'' ("federated parties") are: *Brittany ** Breton Democratic Union * Northern Catalonia ** Catalan Bloc **Republican Left of Catalonia * Corsica **Party of the Corsican Nation ** Let's Do Corsica *Alsace ** Our Land * Northern Basque Country ** Basque Solidari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occitan Party
The Occitan Party ( oc, Partit Occitan) is a regionalist political party in France. Its aims include greater autonomy for the Occitania region of southern France. The Occitan Party was formed in Toulouse in 1987 through the union of different Occitanist movements (' etc.), of candidates to the 1986 regional elections and of various individuals. The party's aims are: * To set up a credible Occitanist political movement, independent of all other parties and struggling for Occitan self-government. * To dis-alienate and raise the consciousness of the Occitan people. * To make the Occitan question come out in the political field. Electoral and political action Since 1987, the Occitan Party has contested elections at all levels in different constituencies. In the 1997 parliamentary elections, the POC's best candidates polled 1.8% of the vote. Party members hold office in a few townships, including Saint-Hostien. The Occitan Party takes part in economical or regional development str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occitan Provisional Government
Occitan may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the Occitania territory in parts of France, Italy, Monaco and Spain. * Something of, from, or related to the Occitania administrative region of France. * Occitan language, spoken in parts of France, Italy, Monaco and Spain. * Occitans The Occitans ( oc, occitans) are a Romance-speaking ethnic group originating in the historical region of Occitania (southern France, northeastern Spain, and northwestern Italy). They have been also called Gascons, Provençals, and Auvergnats.The ..., people of France, Italy, Monaco and Spain. {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom !
Freedom is understood as either having the ability to act or change without constraint or to possess the power and resources to fulfill one's purposes unhindered. Freedom is often associated with liberty and autonomy in the sense of "giving oneself their own laws", and with having rights and the civil liberties with which to exercise them without undue interference by the state. Frequently discussed kinds of political freedom include freedom of assembly, freedom of association, freedom of choice, and freedom of speech. In one definition, something is "free" if it can change easily and is not constrained in its present state. In philosophy and religion, freedom is sometimes associated with free will, without undue or unjust constraints on that will, such as enslavement. It is an idea closely tied with the concept of negative liberty. Charles Taylor resolves one of the issues that separate "positive" and "negative" theories of freedom, as these were initially distinguished in Isa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occitan Regionalism
Occitan may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the Occitania territory in parts of France, Italy, Monaco and Spain. * Something of, from, or related to the Occitania administrative region of France. * Occitan language, spoken in parts of France, Italy, Monaco and Spain. * Occitans The Occitans ( oc, occitans) are a Romance-speaking ethnic group originating in the historical region of Occitania (southern France, northeastern Spain, and northwestern Italy). They have been also called Gascons, Provençals, and Auvergnats.The ..., people of France, Italy, Monaco and Spain. {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romantic Nationalism
Romantic nationalism (also national romanticism, organic nationalism, identity nationalism) is the form of nationalism in which the state claims its political legitimacy as an organic consequence of the unity of those it governs. This includes such factors as language, race, ethnicity, culture, religion, and customs of the nation in its primal sense of those who were born within its culture. It can be applied to ethnic nationalism as well as civic nationalism. Romantic nationalism arose in reaction to dynastic or imperial hegemony, which assessed the legitimacy of the state from the top down, emanating from a monarch or other authority, which justified its existence. Such downward-radiating power might ultimately derive from a god or gods (see the divine right of kings and the Mandate of Heaven). Among the key themes of Romanticism, and its most enduring legacy, the cultural assertions of romantic nationalism have also been central in post-Enlightenment art and political phi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ideology
An ideology is a set of beliefs or philosophies attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely epistemic, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones." Formerly applied primarily to economic, political, or religious theories and policies, in a tradition going back to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, more recent use the term as mainly condemnatory. The term was coined by Antoine Destutt de Tracy, a French Enlightenment aristocrat and philosopher, who conceived it in 1796 as the "science of ideas" to develop a rational system of ideas to oppose the irrational impulses of the mob. In political science, the term is used in a descriptive sense to refer to political belief systems. Etymology and history The term ''ideology'' originates from French ''idéologie'', itself deriving from combining (; close to the Lockean sense of ''idea'') and '' -logíā'' (). The term ideology, and the system of ideas asso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regionalism (politics)
Regionalism is a political ideology that seeks to increase the political power, influence, and/or self-determination of the people of one or more subnational regions. It focuses on the "development of a political or social system based on one or more" regions and/or the national, normative or economic interests of a specific region, group of regions or another subnational entity, gaining strength from or aiming to strengthen the "consciousness of and loyalty to a distinct region with a homogeneous population", similarly to nationalism. More specifically, "regionalism refers to three distinct elements: movements demanding territorial autonomy within unitary states; the organization of the central state on a regional basis for the delivery of its policies including regional development policies; political decentralization and regional autonomy". Regions may be delineated by administrative divisions, culture, language and religion, among others. Regionalists' demands occur in "stron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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