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Oberkulm
Oberkulm is a municipality in the district of Kulm, in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. History Oberkulm is first mentioned in 1045 as ''Chulenbare'', though this is for both Oberkulm and Unterkulm. In 1295 Oberkulm, individually, was mentioned as ''Obern Chulnbe''. The earliest evidence of a settlement is a Celtic gold coin from the 1st century BC. During the Roman era Oberkulm was the site of a Roman estate (villa columbaria, 1756–58 and 1902 excavations) and Alamanni graves, both from the 1st century AD. In the 13th century the village was possessed the Habsburgs, Beromünster Abbey and the Lords of Reinach. From 1415 until 1798 it belonged to Bern as part of the bailiwick of Lenzburg. In 1433 the rights to high justice were purchased from the Austrian county of Lenzburg by the city of Bern. Low justice was, starting in 1306, in the possession of the Herrschaft of Rued, but was sold in 1517 to Bern. The Protestant Reformation was introduced in 1528. Ecclesiastic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unterkulm
Unterkulm is a municipality in the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. History Both Roman ruins near the church and late-Roman coins at Sonnenhof indicate that the area near Unterkulm was settled during the Roman era. However, Unterkulm is first mentioned in 1045 as ''Chulenbare'' though this is for both Unterkulm and Oberkulm. In 1303 it was mentioned as ''ze Nideren-Kulme'' which is the first mention of Unterkulm individually. Until 1566 Unter- and Oberkulm formed a tithe district (german: Zehntbezirk), though their political separation was probably earlier. In the 12th and 13th Centuries the area was ruled by the Lenzburg family, then the Kyburgs and finally the Habsburgs. By 1300 parts of the village were also owned by the monasteries of Schänis, Beromünster and Engelberg as well as local aristocratic families and the Dukes of Austria. In the 14th and 15th Centuries the Knights Hospitaller houses at Klingnau and Biberstein, and the collegiate ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kulm (district)
Kulm District is a district in the canton of Aargau, Switzerland. It is located west of Lake Hallwil and covers parts of the Wyna and Suhre valleys. The principal town is Unterkulm; the largest municipality is Reinach. The district contains 17 municipalities, is 101.35 km² in area and has a population of (as of ). Geography Kulm district has an area, , of . Of this area, or 49.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 31.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 14.2% is settled (buildings or roads). Demographics The Kulm district has a population () of . , 22.6% of the population are foreign nationals.Statistical Department of Canton Aargau -Bereich 01 -Bevölkerung accessed 20 January 2010 Economy there were 18,062 workers who lived in the municipality. Of th ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wynental
The Wyna (or Wyne) is a river located mostly in canton of Aargau, but also in canton of Lucerne, Switzerland and runs through the ''Wynetal'' (the Wyne Valley). It is a tributary of the Suhre. The Wyna is 32 km long (main outflow in Reinach (AG): 0.9 m3/s). Larger towns in Wynetal are Beromünster, Menziken, Reinach (AG) and Gränichen. River The ''Wyna'' is started by several headwaters south-west of Neudorf (LU) in the Lindewald (forest), 17 km north-east from Lucerne. Near Underdorf, the ''Lochbach'', or Hole Creek, which starts in the Chegelwald, west of Neudorf, joins the Wyna. Then, it runs north through Beromünster (still canton of Lucerne), through Menziken and Reinach (now in canton of Aargau), west of Zetzwil, through Oberkulm and Unterkulm, through Teufenthal (AG), and through Gränichen before joining the Suhre at 385m in Suhr, which joins the Aare further north, just three kilometres later. Tributaries that feed the Wyna include the Lochbach (l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schlossrued
Schlossrued is a municipality in the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. Geography Schlossrued has an area, , of . Of this area, or 61.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 31.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 7.9% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.3% is either rivers or lakes.Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data accessed 25 March 2010 Of the built-up area, housing and buildings made up 3.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.0%. 28.0% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.3% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 16.6% is used for growing crops and 41.7% is pastures, while 2.8% is used for orchards or vine crops. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schmiedrued
Schmiedrued is a municipality in the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. Geography Schmiedrued has an area, , of . Of this area, or 64.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 27.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 7.8% is settled (buildings or roads).Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data accessed 25 March 2010 Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 4.6% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.8%. 25.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.3% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 25.1% is used for growing crops and 33.0% is pastures, while 6.1% is used for orchards or vine crops. Coat o ...
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Gontenschwil
Gontenschwil is a municipality in the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. History Gontenschwil is first mentioned in 1173 as ''Gundoltswilre'' in a grant to the monastery at Beromünster. In 1236, ownership of part of village went to Engelberg Abbey, in 1266 it transferred to the Monastery of St. Leonhard in Basel, and in 1274 to the Knights of Malta. The secular owners of the village included the Counts of Lenzburg, then in 1173 the Counts of Kyburg, in 1273 the Kyburg rights transferred to the Habsburgs. The village was ruled by the Habsburg vassals, the Counts of Reinach. By this time, the local castle is no longer mentioned. The rights to low justice remained in the hands of wealthy citizens of Gontenschwil. After the conquest of the Aargau by Bern in 1415, Gontenschwil formed its own court within the district (german: Oberamt) of Lenzburg. The church, first mentioned in 1340, was a daughter church to the parish church in nearby Pfeffikon. After a lon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zetzwil
Zetzwil is a municipality in the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. Geography Zetzwil has an area, , of . Of this area, or 51.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 37.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 10.0% is settled (buildings or roads) and or 0.2% is unproductive land.Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data accessed 25 March 2010 Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 6.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.4%. 35.3% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 23.4% is used for growing crops and 22.8% is pastures, while 5.5% is used for orchards or vine crops. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dürrenäsch
Dürrenäsch is a municipality in the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. History While Dürrenäsch is first mentioned in 924 as ''Aske inferior'', there are traces of earlier, nearby settlements. Several, individual Hallstatt era items were found on the castle hill. Roman era artifacts have been discovered on the ''Loren'' and Alamanni graves were found on the ''Lindhügel''. During the High Middle Ages Dürrenäsch was ruled by Lenzburg. In 1173 it came under the power of the Counts of Kyburg. A century later, in 1273, it was inherited by the Habsburgs. Under the Habsburgs it was ruled by their vassals, the Lords of Trostberg, Reinach and Hallwyl. From 1415 until 1798 it was under the control of the city of Bern and was part of the district (german: Oberamt) of Lenzburg. In 1433 Bern bought the rights to high and low justice, in the village, from the Austrians. Until 1614 the village was part of the Kulm parish and since then it has belonged to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coat Of Arms
A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full achievement (heraldry), heraldic achievement, which in its whole consists of a shield, supporters, a crest (heraldry), crest, and a motto. A coat of arms is traditionally unique to an individual person, family, state, organization, school or corporation. The term itself of 'coat of arms' describing in modern times just the heraldic design, originates from the description of the entire medieval chainmail 'surcoat' garment used in combat or preparation for the latter. Roll of arms, Rolls of arms are collections of many coats of arms, and since the early Modern Age centuries, they have been a source of information for public showing and tracing the membership of a nobility, noble family, and therefore its genealogy across tim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blazon
In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image. The verb ''to blazon'' means to create such a description. The visual depiction of a coat of arms or flag has traditionally had considerable latitude in design, but a verbal blazon specifies the essentially distinctive elements. A coat of arms or flag is therefore primarily defined not by a picture but rather by the wording of its blazon (though in modern usage flags are often additionally and more precisely defined using geometrical specifications). ''Blazon'' is also the specialized language in which a blazon is written, and, as a verb, the act of writing such a description. ''Blazonry'' is the art, craft or practice of creating a blazon. The language employed in ''blazonry'' has its own vocabulary, grammar and syntax, which becomes essential for comprehension when blazoning a complex coat of arms. Ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High, Middle And Low Justice
High, middle and low justices are notions dating from Western feudalism to indicate descending degrees of judicial power to administer justice by the maximal punishment the holders could inflict upon their subjects and other dependents. Low justice regards the level of day-to-day civil actions, including voluntary justice, minor pleas, and petty offences generally settled by fines or light corporal punishment. It was held by many lesser authorities, including many lords of the manor, who sat in justice over the serfs, unfree tenants, and freeholders on their land. Middle justice would involve full civil and criminal jurisdiction, except for capital crimes, and notably excluding the right to pass the death penalty, torture and severe corporal punishment, which was reserved to authorities holding high justice, or the ''ius gladii'' ("right of the sword"). Pyramid of feudal justice Although the terms ''high'' and ''low'' suggest a strict subordination, this was not quite the ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbert Hoover
Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American politician who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 and a member of the Republican Party, holding office during the onset of the Great Depression in the United States. A self-made man who became rich as a mining engineer, Hoover led the Commission for Relief in Belgium, served as the director of the U.S. Food Administration, and served as the U.S. Secretary of Commerce. Hoover was born to a Quaker family in West Branch, Iowa, but he grew up in Oregon. He was one of the first graduates of the new Stanford University in 1895. He took a position with a London-based mining company working in Australia and China. He rapidly became a wealthy mining engineer. In 1914 at the outbreak of World War I, he organized and headed the Commission for Relief in Belgium, an international relief organization that provided food to occupied Belgium. When the U.S. entered the war in 191 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
