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Oxogestone Phenpropionate
Oxogestone phenpropionate (OPP; ) (former developmental code name or tentative brand name Oxageston), also known as xinogestone, as well as 20β-hydroxy-19-norprogesterone 20β-(3-phenylpropionate), is a progestin related to the 19-norprogesterone derivatives which was developed as an injection (medicine), injectable hormonal contraceptive, specifically a progestogen-only injectable contraceptive, in the 1960s and early 1970s but was never marketed.Heeres, S. G. (1967). Preliminary results with a long-acting progestational preparation. In: Wood, C. and Walters, W.A., eds. Fifth World Congress of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Sydney, September 1967. New York Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1967. p. 348 http://www.popline.org/node/475027 It was studied at a dose of 50 to 75 mg once a month by intramuscular injection but was associated with a high failure rate with this regimen and was not further developed. OPP is the 20β-(3-phenylpropanoic acid, phenylpropionate) ester of oxogestone, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intramuscular Injection
Intramuscular injection, often abbreviated IM, is the injection of a substance into a muscle. In medicine, it is one of several methods for parenteral administration of medications. Intramuscular injection may be preferred because muscles have larger and more numerous blood vessels than subcutaneous tissue, leading to faster absorption than subcutaneous or intradermal injections. Medication administered via intramuscular injection is not subject to the first-pass metabolism effect which affects oral medications. Common sites for intramuscular injections include the deltoid muscle of the upper arm and the gluteal muscle of the buttock. In infants, the vastus lateralis muscle of the thigh is commonly used. The injection site must be cleaned before administering the injection, and the injection is then administered in a fast, darting motion to decrease the discomfort to the individual. The volume to be injected in the muscle is usually limited to 2–5 milliliters, depending on in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ester
In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an oxoacid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one hydroxyl group () is replaced by an alkoxy group (), as in the substitution reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Glycerides are fatty acid esters of glycerol; they are important in biology, being one of the main classes of lipids and comprising the bulk of animal fats and vegetable oils. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. They perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Phosphoesters form the backbone of DNA molecules. Nitrate esters, such as nitroglycerin, are known for their explosive properties. '' Nomenclature Etymology Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenylpropionate Esters
Phenylpropanoic acid or hydrocinnamic acid is a carboxylic acid with the formula C9H10O2 belonging to the class of phenylpropanoids. It is a white, crystalline solid with a sweet, floral scent at room temperature. Phenylpropanoic acid has a wide variety of uses including cosmetics, food additives, and pharmaceuticals. Preparation and reactions Phenylpropanoic acid can be prepared from cinnamic acid by hydrogenation. Originally it was prepared by reduction with sodium amalgam in water and by electrolysis. A characteristic reaction of phenylpropanoic acid is its cyclization to 1-indanone. When the side chain is homologated by the Arndt–Eistert reaction, subsequent cyclization affords 2-tetralone, derivatives. Uses Phenylpropanoic acid is widely used for flavoring, food additives, spices, fragrance, and medicines as it acts as a fixative agent, or a preservative. Food industry Phenylpropanoic acid is used in the food industry to preserve and maintain the original aroma qualit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norpregnanes
19-Norpregnane, also known as 13β-methyl-17β-ethylgonane, is a norsteroid and the 19- demethyl analogue of pregnane. It is the parent compound of 19-norprogesterone (19-norpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) and derivatives of it such as the progestins demegestone, gestonorone caproate (gestronol hexanoate), nomegestrol acetate, norgestomet, promegestone, segesterone acetate (nestorone), and trimegestone. See also * Gonane * Androstane * Estrane Estrane is a C18 steroid derivative, with a gonane core. ''Estrenes'' are estrane derivatives that contain a double bond, with an example being nandrolone. '' Estratrienes'' (estrins) are estrane derivatives that contain three double bonds, fo ... References Norpregnanes {{steroid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hormonal Contraception
Hormonal contraception refers to birth control methods that act on the endocrine system. Almost all methods are composed of steroid hormones, although in India one selective estrogen receptor modulator is marketed as a contraceptive. The original hormonal method—the combined oral contraceptive pill—was first marketed as a contraceptive in 1960. In the ensuing decades many other delivery methods have been developed, although the oral and injectable methods are by far the most popular. Hormonal contraception is highly effective: when taken on the prescribed schedule, users of steroid hormone methods experience pregnancy rates of less than 1% per year. Perfect-use pregnancy rates for most hormonal contraceptives are usually around the 0.3% rate or less. Currently available methods can only be used by women; the development of a male hormonal contraceptive is an active research area. There are two main types of hormonal contraceptive formulations: ''combined methods'' which con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abandoned Drugs
Abandon, abandoned, or abandonment may refer to: Common uses * Abandonment (emotional), a subjective emotional state in which people feel undesired, left behind, insecure, or discarded * Abandonment (legal), a legal term regarding property ** Child abandonment, the extralegal abandonment of children ** Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property, legal status of property after abandonment and rediscovery * Abandonment (mysticism) Art, entertainment, and media Film * ''Abandon'' (film), a 2002 film starring Katie Holmes * ''Abandoned'' (1949 film), starring Dennis O'Keefe * ''Abandoned'' (1955 film), the English language title of the Italian war film ''Gli Sbandati'' * ''Abandoned'' (2001 film), a Hungarian film * ''Abandoned'' (2010 film), starring Brittany Murphy * ''Abandoned'' (2015 film), a television movie about the shipwreck of the ''Rose-Noëlle'' in 1989 * ''Abandoned'' (2022 film), starring Emma Roberts * ''The Abandoned'' (1945 film), a 1945 Mexican film * ''The Aban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Progestogen Esters
This is a list of progestogen esters, or esters of progestogens.http://www.micromedexsolutions.com Unlike the case of testosterone and estradiol, progesterone cannot be esterified as it lacks hydroxyl groups, so all progestogen esters, with the exception of esters of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone like hydroxyprogesterone caproate, are esters of progestins ( synthetic progestogens) and are non-bioidentical. In addition, whereas all androgen and estrogen esters are prodrugs of the parent compound, only some and not all progestogen esters act as prodrugs. Esters of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and 19-norprogesterone derivatives like hydroxyprogesterone caproate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and nomegestrol acetate are active themselves and ''are not'' prodrugs, whereas esters of 19-nortestosterone derivatives like norethisterone acetate and norethisterone enanthate are not active themselves and ''are'' prodrugs. Esters of progesterone derivatives Esters of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone deri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxogestone
Oxogestone (), also known as 20β-hydroxy-19-norprogesterone, is a progestin of the 19-norprogesterone group which was synthesized in 1953 and was developed as an injectable hormonal contraceptive in the early 1970s but was never marketed. A C20β phenylpropionate derivative, oxogestone phenpropionate Oxogestone phenpropionate (OPP; ) (former developmental code name or tentative brand name Oxageston), also known as xinogestone, as well as 20β-hydroxy-19-norprogesterone 20β-(3-phenylpropionate), is a progestin related to the 19-norprogesteron ..., also exists. References Abandoned drugs Diketones Hormonal contraception Norpregnanes Progestogens {{Steroid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenylpropanoic Acid
Phenylpropanoic acid or hydrocinnamic acid is a carboxylic acid with the formula C9H10O2 belonging to the class of phenylpropanoids. It is a white, crystalline solid with a sweet, floral scent at room temperature. Phenylpropanoic acid has a wide variety of uses including cosmetics, food additives, and pharmaceuticals. Preparation and reactions Phenylpropanoic acid can be prepared from cinnamic acid by hydrogenation. Originally it was prepared by reduction with sodium amalgam in water and by electrolysis. A characteristic reaction of phenylpropanoic acid is its cyclization to 1-indanone. When the side chain is homologated by the Arndt–Eistert reaction, subsequent cyclization affords 2-tetralone, derivatives. Uses Phenylpropanoic acid is widely used for flavoring, food additives, spices, fragrance, and medicines as it acts as a fixative agent, or a preservative. Food industry Phenylpropanoic acid is used in the food industry to preserve and maintain the original aroma quali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progestogen
Progestogens, also sometimes written progestagens or gestagens, are a class of natural or synthetic steroid hormones that bind to and activate the progesterone receptors (PR). Progesterone is the major and most important progestogen in the body. The progestogens are named for their function in maintaining pregnancy (i.e., ''progestational''), although they are also present at other phases of the estrous and menstrual cycles. The progestogens are one of three types of sex hormones, the others being estrogens like estradiol and androgens/anabolic steroids like testosterone. In addition, they are one of the five major classes of steroid hormones, the others being the androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids, as well as the neurosteroids. All endogenous progestogens are characterized by their basic 21-carbon skeleton, called a pregnane skeleton (C21). In similar manner, the estrogens possess an estrane skeleton (C18), and androgens, an androstane skeleton (C19). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progestogen-only Injectable Contraceptive
Progestogen-only injectable contraceptives (POICs) are a form of hormonal contraception and progestogen-only contraception that are administered by injection and providing long-lasting birth control. As opposed to combined injectable contraceptives, they contain only a progestogen without an estrogen, and include two progestin preparations: * Medroxyprogesterone acetate (brand names Depo-Provera, Provera, Depo-subQ Provera 104) – 150 mg (intramuscularly) or 104 mg ( subcutaneously) every 3 months * Norethisterone enanthate (brand names NET EN, Noristerat, Norigest, Doryxas) – 200 mg (intramuscularly) every 2 months Research Progestogens that have been studied for potential use as POICs but were never marketed as such include the progesterone derivatives algestone acetophenide (dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide) (100 mg/month), chlormadinone acetate (250 mg/3 months), hydroxyprogesterone caproate (250–500 mg/month), gestonorone caproate (2. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hormonal Contraceptive
Hormonal contraception refers to birth control methods that act on the endocrine system. Almost all methods are composed of steroid hormones, although in India one selective estrogen receptor modulator is marketed as a contraceptive. The original hormonal method—the combined oral contraceptive pill—was first marketed as a contraceptive in 1960. In the ensuing decades many other delivery methods have been developed, although the oral and injectable methods are by far the most popular. Hormonal contraception is highly effective: when taken on the prescribed schedule, users of steroid hormone methods experience pregnancy rates of less than 1% per year. Perfect-use pregnancy rates for most hormonal contraceptives are usually around the 0.3% rate or less. Currently available methods can only be used by women; the development of a male hormonal contraceptive is an active research area. There are two main types of hormonal contraceptive formulations: ''combined methods'' which con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
