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Orsellinic Acid
Orsellinic acid, more specifically ''o''-orsellinic acid, is a phenolic acid. It is of importance in the biochemistry of lichens, from which it can be extracted. It is a common subunit of depsides. Chemistry It can be prepared by the oxidation of orsellaldehyde. This is also produced when everninic acid and ramalic acid is boiled with barium hydroxide Barium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula Ba(OH)2. The monohydrate (''x'' = 1), known as baryta or baryta-water, is one of the principal compounds of barium. This white granular monohydrate is the usual commercial form. .... It forms colorless crystals in the form of needles which on rapid heating melt with decomposition in the neighborhood of 175 °C. [Sep 22, 2021: this citation to J Chromatog 511 needs to be revised because that paper makes no reference to crystals of orsellinic acid nor its melting point. In fact, the text never specifically mentions orsellinic acid: it simply appear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenolic Acid
Phenolic acids or phenolcarboxylic acids are types of aromatic acid compounds. Included in that class are substances containing a phenolic ring and an organic carboxylic acid function (C6-C1 skeleton). Two important naturally occurring types of phenolic acids are hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic acids, which are derived from non-phenolic molecules of benzoic and cinnamic acid, respectively. Occurrences Phenolic acids can be found in many plant species. Their content in dried fruits can be high. Natural phenols in horse grams (''Macrotyloma uniflorum'') are mostly phenolic acids, namely 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic, ''p''-hydroxy benzoic, vanillic, caffeic, ''p''-coumaric, ferulic, syringic, and sinapinic acids. Phenolic acids can be found in several mushroom-forming species of basidiomycetes. It is also a part of the humic substances, which are the major organic constituents of soil humus. Many phenolic acids can be found in human urine. Chemistry Immobilized ''C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures ( |
Depside
A depside is a type of polyphenolic compound composed of two or more monocyclic aromatic units linked by an ester bond. Depsides are most often found in lichens, but have also been isolated from higher plants, including species of the Ericaceae, Lamiaceae, Papaveraceae and Myrtaceae. Certain depsides have antibiotic, anti- HIV, antioxidant, and anti-proliferative activity ''in vitro''. As inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis and leukotriene B4 biosynthesis, some depsides have ''in vitro'' anti-inflammatory activity. A depsidase is a type of enzyme that cuts depside bonds. One such enzyme is tannase. Examples Gyrophoric acid, found in the lichen '' Cryptothecia rubrocincta'', is a depside. Merochlorophaeic acid, isolated from lichens of the genus '' Cladonia'', is an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. Some depsides are described as anti-HIV. See also *Salsalate homodimer formed from self-condensation of salicylic acid Salicylic acid is an organic compound with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramalic Acid
Ramalic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula C18H18O7. Ramalic acid occurs as a secondary metabolite in some lichens like '' Ramalina pollinaria'' wherfrom ramalic acid has its name. Ramalic acid can be used as a dye A dye is a colored substance that chemically bonds to the substrate to which it is being applied. This distinguishes dyes from pigments which do not chemically bind to the material they color. Dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution an .... References Further reading * Polyphenols {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barium Hydroxide
Barium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula Ba(OH)2. The monohydrate (''x'' = 1), known as baryta or baryta-water, is one of the principal compounds of barium. This white granular monohydrate is the usual commercial form. Preparation and structure Barium hydroxide can be prepared by dissolving barium oxide (BaO) in water: :BaO + H2O → Ba(OH)2 It crystallises as the octahydrate, which converts to the monohydrate upon heating in air. At 100 °C in a vacuum, the monohydrate will yield BaO and water. The monohydrate adopts a layered structure (see picture above). The Ba2+ centers adopt a square anti-prismatic geometry. Each Ba2+ center is bound by two water ligands and six hydroxide ligands, which are respectively doubly and triply bridging to neighboring Ba2+ centre sites. In the octahydrate, the individual Ba2+ centers are again eight coordinate but do not share ligands. Uses Industrially, barium hydroxide is used as the precursor to other bar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dihydroxybenzoic Acids
Dihydroxybenzoic acids (DHBA) are a type of phenolic acids. There are six main compounds, having all the same molecular formula C7H6O4. Those are: * 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (2-Pyrocatechuic acid or hypogallic acid) * 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (β-Resorcylic acid) * 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (Gentisic acid) * 2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (γ-Resorcylic acid) * 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (Protocatechuic acid) * 3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (α-Resorcylic acid) Orsellinic acid Orsellinic acid, more specifically ''o''-orsellinic acid, is a phenolic acid. It is of importance in the biochemistry of lichens, from which it can be extracted. It is a common subunit of depsides. Chemistry It can be prepared by the oxi ... is also a dihydoxybenzoic acid having an extra methyl group. {{Chemistry index Dihydroxybenzoic acids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salicylic Acids
Salicylic acid is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4CO2H. A colorless, bitter-tasting solid, it is a precursor to and a metabolite of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). It is a plant hormone, and has been listed by the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Substance Inventory as an experimental teratogen. The name is from Latin ''salix'' for willow tree. It is an ingredient in some anti-acne products. Salts and esters of salicylic acid are known as salicylates. Uses Medicine Salicylic acid as a medication is commonly used to remove the outer layer of the skin. As such, it is used to treat warts, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, ringworm, dandruff, and ichthyosis. Similar to other hydroxy acids, salicylic acid is an ingredient in many skincare products for the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, calluses, corns, keratosis pilaris, acanthosis nigricans, ichthyosis, and warts. Uses in manufacturing Salicylic acid is used as a food preservative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
