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Orr's Circle Of The Sciences
''Orr's Circle of the Sciences'' was a scientific encyclopedia of the 1850s, published in London by William Somerville Orr. William S Orr & Co. William S. Orr & Co. was a publisher in Paternoster Row, London. It put out the '' British Cyclopædia'' in ten volumes of the 1830s. It also was in business selling engravings (for example the Kenny Meadows illustrations to Shakespeare), and maps, such as a mid-century ''Cab Fare and Guide Map of London'' (c. 1853). The firm was a general commercial publisher, with a specialist area of natural history, and also published periodicals. It was innovative in its use of wood engraving, in its 1838 edition of ''Paul et Virginie''. In children's literature, it published Christoph von Schmid's ''Basket of Flowers'' in an English translation of 1848, in partnership with J. B. Müller of Stuttgart. William Somerville Orr Orr himself was a publishers' agent from the 1830s, and was a close associate of Robert and William Chambers. He printed a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circle Of The Sciences
A circle is a shape consisting of all point (geometry), points in a plane (mathematics), plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the Centre (geometry), centre. Equivalently, it is the curve traced out by a point that moves in a plane so that its distance from a given point is Constant (mathematics), constant. The distance between any point of the circle and the centre is called the radius. Usually, the radius is required to be a positive number. A circle with r=0 (a single point) is a Degeneracy (mathematics), degenerate case. This article is about circles in Euclidean geometry, and, in particular, the Euclidean space, Euclidean plane, except where otherwise noted. Specifically, a circle is a Simple polygon, simple closed curve that divides the plane into two Region (mathematics), regions: an interior and an exterior. In everyday use, the term "circle" may be used interchangeably to refer to either the boundary of the figure, or to the whole figure including it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Stevenson Bushnan
John Stevenson Bushnan (1807–1884) was an English physician and medical writer. Life He was born in London, the eldest child of Joseph Bushnan, an official of the City of London, and his wife, Mary Newton, née Osborn. He passed at Edinburgh in 1830 the examinations of the Royal College of Surgeons and of the Royal College of Physicians. Marrying, Bushnan lived in Dumfries in the Scottish Borders; and did some work for the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. He then had a period studying at Heidelberg, where he graduated M.D, in 1836. Returning to England, he went into practice at Castle Cary in Somerset. Bushnan was then abroad, from 1841, to 1848. Eventually he settled in London, where he filled the post of editor of the ''Medical Times and Gazette'' from 1849 to 1852. Then for one year he was chief physician of the Metropolitan Free Hospital. In 1852 also he became medical superintendent at Wyke House Asylum, a post he held for five years. He then bought his way ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1850s Books
Year 185 (Roman numerals, CLXXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Lascivius and Atilius (or, less frequently, year 938 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 185 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Nobles of Britain demand that Emperor Commodus rescind all power given to Tigidius Perennis, who is eventually executed. * Pertinax, Publius Helvius Pertinax is made governor of Britain and quells a mutiny of the Roman Britain, British Roman legions who wanted him to become emperor. The disgruntled usurpers go on to attempt to assassinate the governor. * Tigidius Perennis, his family and many others are executed for conspiring against Commodus. * Commodus drains Ancient Rome, Rome's treasury to put on gladi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacob Moleschott
Jacob Moleschott (9 August 1822 – 20 May 1893) was a Dutch physiologist and writer on dietetics. He is known for his philosophical views in regard to scientific materialism. He was a member of German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (since 1884). Life Born in 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, Moleschott studied at Heidelberg University, where he obtained his PhD in 1845, and began the practice of medicine in Utrecht in 1845, but soon moved back to Heidelberg University, where he lectured on physiology starting in 1847. The university reprimanded Moleschott for various controversial statements made in his lectures, leading to his resignation in 1854. Next to Carl Vogt and Ludwig Büchner, Moleschott stood in the center of the public debates about materialism in Germany in the 1850s. He taught as a professor of physiology at Zürich (1856), at Turin (1861), and at Rome (1879), where he died. Writings Moleschott explained the origin and condition of animals by the working of physic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Gore (electrochemist)
George Gore (22 January 1826 – 20 December 1908) was an English electrochemist. The invention of the safety match has been attributed to his research with phosphorus. Life Born at Blackfriars, Bristol on 22 January 1826, he was son of George Gore, a cooper in the city. He was educated at a small private school, and at twelve became an errand boy. At 17 he was apprenticed to a cooper, following the trade for four years. In 1851 Gore moved to Birmingham, working first as timekeeper at the Soho Foundry, and then as a practitioner in medical galvanism, He subsequently became a chemist to a phosphorus factory; from 1870 to 1880, was lecturer in physics and chemistry at King Edward's School, Birmingham; and finally, from 1880 onwards, was head of the Institute of Scientific Research, Easy Row, Birmingham, which he ran, and where he resided for the remainder of his life. In 1865 Gore was elected Fellow of the Royal Society as the discoverer of the amorphous allotrope of antimony and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Joseph Lowe
Edward Joseph Lowe FRS FGS FRAS FLS (11 November 1825 – 10 March 1900) was a renowned English botanist, meteorologist and astronomer, who published papers on a wide variety of subjects, including luminous meteors, sunspots, the zodiacal light, meteorological observations during the eclipse of 1860 (at Fuente del Mar, near Santander), conchology, ferns, grasses and other plants. (Obituary.) Lowe was affectionately known as "The Big Snowflake" because of his beard. Biography Lowe was born in Highfield House, University Park, Nottinghamshire, into a wealthy family. The son of Alfred Joseph Lowe, he began his scientific observations at the age of 15. Alfred was a member of many national and local astronomical societies and was particularly interested in meteorology and astronomy. His interest in ferns led to his studying them. His most noted work was ''Ferns: British and Exotic'' and consisted of eight illustrated volumes published in London by Groombridge and Sons i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Tennant (mineralogist)
James Tennant (8 February 1808 – 23 February 1881) was an English mineralogist, the master of the Worshipful Company of Turners and mineralogist to Queen Victoria. Biography Tennant was born on 8 February 1808 at Upton, near Southwell, Nottinghamshire. He was the third child in a family of twelve. His father, John Tennant, was an officer in the Her Majesty's Customs and Excise; his mother, Eleanor Kitchen, came from a family of yeomen resident at Upton for more than two centuries. His parents later moved to Derby, and Tennant attended a school in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire. In October 1824, Tennant was apprenticed to John Mawe, a dealer in minerals at 149 Strand in London. After Mawe's death in 1829, Tennant managed the business with Mawe's widow, Sarah Mawe, who became known as "Mineralogist to Her Majesty". He purchased Sarah's share of the business on her retirement in 1840. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Thomas Ansted
David Thomas Ansted FRS (5 February 181413 May 1880) was an English professor of geology and author of numerous books on geology. His role as a teacher at Addiscombe Military Seminary, where future East India Company army officers were trained, had an influence on the study of geology in the colonies. Youth, education Ansted was born in London on 5 February 1814 to William Ansted. He was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge, and inspired by Adam Sedgwick took an interest in geology. After taking an M.A degree in 1839, he was elected to fellow of the college. He was appointed professor of geology at King's College London in 1840, holding the post until 1853. From 1845, he was also a lecturer at the East India Company's Military Seminary at Addiscombe (until its closure in 1861), and professor of geology at the College for Civil Engineers at Putney. His ''Elementary Course of Geology'' textbook was awarded as a prize to cadets at Addiscombe. The cadets themselves were post ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Henry (chemist)
William Henry (12 December 17742 September 1836) was an English chemist. He was the son of Thomas Henry and was born in Manchester England. He developed what is known today as Henry's Law. Life William Henry was apprenticed to Thomas Percival and later worked with John Ferriar & John Huit at the Manchesters Infirmary. He began to study medicine at University of Edinburgh in 1795, taking his medical in 1807, but ill-health interrupted his practice as a physician, and he devoted his time mainly to chemical research, especially with regard to gases. One of his best-known papers (published in ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society'', 1803) describes experiments on the quantity of gases absorbed by water at different temperatures and under different pressures. His results are known today as Henry's law. His other papers deal with gas-analysis, fire-damp, illuminating gas, the composition of hydrochloric acid and of ammonia, urinary and other morbid concretions, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Scoffern
John Scoffern (1814–1882) was an English surgeon and popular science writer. Life He was born in Dutson, Cornwall, the son of William Scoffern (1783–1854) and his wife Wilmot Crocker, was educated by the Rev. John Couch Grylls at Saltash. He then attended University College, London and Aldersgate Medical School. Scoffern was lecturer at Aldersgate Medical School in 1840, and graduated M.B. at the University of London in 1843. He lectured also at the medical school in Charlotte Street. He went on to a prolific career in scientific and other writing. During the Franco-Prussian War, Scoffern was a newspaper correspondent. He was in the Château de Saint-Cloud, occupied by the Prussian forces, when it was shelled by French guns in October 1870. He tended the sick and wounded in Paris, and was awarded the Iron Cross The Iron Cross (german: link=no, Eisernes Kreuz, , abbreviated EK) was a military decoration in the Kingdom of Prussia, and later in the German Empire (18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Sweetland Dallas
William Sweetland Dallas (1824–1890) was a British zoologist and curator. He curated collections at the British Museum and the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, and was editor of the '' Popular Science Review''. Biography He was appointed Keeper of the Yorkshire Museum in 1858, at the age of 31 and already married with four children at the time. Dallas was an editor and translator for the ''Zoological Record'', the ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History'' and the ''Popular Science Review''. In 1868 he was elected to the post of Assistant Secretary of the Geological Society, resulting in his resignation from the role of Keeper. Notably, he translated ''Facts and Arguments for Darwin'' by German biologist Fritz Müller into English. He also translated Karl Theodor Ernst von Siebold's ''Wahre Parthenogenesis bei Schmetterlingen und Bienen (1856)'' into English as ''On a true parthenogenesis in moths and bees'' and created the index for Charles Darwin's ''The Variation o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Smith (physician)
Dr Edward Smith Royal Society of London, FRS (1819–1874) was a British physician and medical writer, born at Heanor, Derbyshire. According to his obituary, he failed to inspire the friendship of his colleagues, but more recent evaluations have noted that he "deserves to be better remembered by nutritionists, both for his contributions to the physiological basis of nutrition, and for his pioneering field surveys of dietary intake in relation to need among low income social groups". He worked out that prisoners who were fed on a diet of 93% carbohydrates would not be able to perform hard labour (and would therefore be more likely to resort to crime). Life Smith was educated at Queen's College, Birmingham, (a predecessor college of the University of Birmingham), and graduated MB in 1841, MD in 1843, and BA and LLB in 1848. In the following year he visited north-east Texas, to examine its capacity as a place of settlement for emigrants, and published an account of the journey ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
