Orga Systems
Orga Systems was a software vendor for convergent charging and billing solutions with an international customer base in telecommunications, utilities, and automotive markets. The medium-sized company was headquartered in Paderborn, Germany, and operated in 11 additional locations: Berlin (Germany), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Dubai (UAE), Istanbul (Turkey), Kolkata (India), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), Kyiv (Ukraine), Madrid (Spain), Moscow (Russia), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), and Rome (Italy). Orga Systems provided real time charging and billing, integrated policy control and charging, as well as order management. In March 2015 Orga Systems filed for bankruptcy. In June 2015 Orga Systems was acquired by Redknee. History Orga Systems began as a global supplier of smart-card solutions for mobile telecommunications, banks, retail, health care and the Internet. In the mid-1990s, two separate business units “chip card production“ and “system development“ were created. On ...
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Software
Software is a set of computer programs and associated documentation and data. This is in contrast to hardware, from which the system is built and which actually performs the work. At the lowest programming level, executable code consists of machine language instructions supported by an individual processor—typically a central processing unit (CPU) or a graphics processing unit (GPU). Machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions that change the state of the computer from its preceding state. For example, an instruction may change the value stored in a particular storage location in the computer—an effect that is not directly observable to the user. An instruction may also invoke one of many input or output operations, for example displaying some text on a computer screen; causing state changes which should be visible to the user. The processor executes the instructions in the order they are provided, unless it is instructed ...
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Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million residents within the city limits, over 17 million residents in the urban area, and over 21.5 million residents in the metropolitan area. The city covers an area of , while the urban area covers , and the metropolitan area covers over . Moscow is among the world's largest cities; being the most populous city entirely in Europe, the largest urban and metropolitan area in Europe, and the largest city by land area on the European continent. First documented in 1147, Moscow grew to become a prosperous and powerful city that served as the capital of the Grand Duchy that bears its name. When the Grand Duchy of Moscow evolved into the Tsardom of Russia, Moscow remained the political and economic center for most of the Tsardom's history. When th ...
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Internet
The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing. The origins of the Internet date back to the development of packet switching and research commissioned by the United States Department of Defense in the 1960s to enable time-sharing of computers. The primary precursor network, the ARPANET, initially served as a backbone for interconnection of regional academic and military networks in the 1970s to enable resource shari ...
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Health Care
Health care or healthcare is the improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, amelioration or cure of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in people. Health care is delivered by health professionals and allied health fields. Medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, midwifery, nursing, optometry, audiology, psychology, occupational therapy, physical therapy, athletic training, and other health professions all constitute health care. It includes work done in providing primary care, secondary care, and tertiary care, as well as in public health. Access to health care may vary across countries, communities, and individuals, influenced by social and economic conditions as well as health policies. Providing health care services means "the timely use of personal health services to achieve the best possible health outcomes". Factors to consider in terms of health care access include financial limitations (such as insurance coverage), geo ...
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Retail
Retail is the sale of goods and services to consumers, in contrast to wholesaling, which is sale to business or institutional customers. A retailer purchases goods in large quantities from manufacturers, directly or through a wholesaler, and then sells in smaller quantities to consumers for a profit. Retailers are the final link in the supply chain from producers to consumers. Retail markets and shops have a very ancient history, dating back to antiquity. Some of the earliest retailers were itinerant peddlers. Over the centuries, retail shops were transformed from little more than "rude booths" to the sophisticated shopping malls of the modern era. In the digital age, an increasing number of retailers are seeking to reach broader markets by selling through multiple channels, including both bricks and mortar and online retailing. Digital technologies are also affecting the way that consumers pay for goods and services. Retailing support services may also include the provision ...
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Bank
A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital markets. Because banks play an important role in financial stability and the economy of a country, most jurisdictions exercise a high degree of regulation over banks. Most countries have institutionalized a system known as fractional reserve banking, under which banks hold liquid assets equal to only a portion of their current liabilities. In addition to other regulations intended to ensure liquidity, banks are generally subject to minimum capital requirements based on an international set of capital standards, the Basel Accords. Banking in its modern sense evolved in the fourteenth century in the prosperous cities of Renaissance Italy but in many ways functioned as a continuation of ideas and concepts of credit and lending that had their roots in the a ...
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Telecommunications
Telecommunication is the transmission of information by various types of technologies over wire, radio, optical, or other electromagnetic systems. It has its origin in the desire of humans for communication over a distance greater than that feasible with the human voice, but with a similar scale of expediency; thus, slow systems (such as postal mail) are excluded from the field. The transmission media in telecommunication have evolved through numerous stages of technology, from beacons and other visual signals (such as smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs), to electrical cable and electromagnetic radiation, including light. Such transmission paths are often divided into communication channels, which afford the advantages of multiplexing multiple concurrent communication sessions. ''Telecommunication'' is often used in its plural form. Other examples of pre-modern long-distance communication included audio messages, such as coded drumb ...
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Smart-card
A smart card, chip card, or integrated circuit card (ICC or IC card) is a physical electronic authentication device, used to control access to a resource. It is typically a plastic credit card-sized card with an embedded integrated circuit (IC) chip. Many smart cards include a pattern of metal contacts to electrically connect to the internal chip. Others are contactless, and some are both. Smart cards can provide personal identification, authentication, data storage, and application processing. Applications include identification, financial, mobile phones (SIM), public transit, computer security, schools, and healthcare. Smart cards may provide strong security authentication for single sign-on (SSO) within organizations. Numerous nations have deployed smart cards throughout their populations. The universal integrated circuit card, or SIM card, is also a type of smart card. , 10.5billion smart card IC chips are manufactured annually, including 5.44billion SIM card IC chips. Hist ...
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Orga Systems, Kuala Lumpur
Orga may refer to: * Orga, Cyprus * Irfan Orga (1908–1970), Turkish author * Orga Sabnak, a character from ''Gundam SEED'' * Orga Systems, a software company * Kamen Rider Orga, a character from the ''Kamen Rider 555'' film * Orga, a monster from the 1999 movie ''Godzilla 2000'' * ORGA Orga may refer to: * Orga, Cyprus * Irfan Orga (1908–1970), Turkish author * Orga Sabnak, a character from ''Gundam SEED'' * Orga Systems Orga Systems was a software vendor for convergent charging and billing solutions with an international cus ...

Orga Systems, Kiew
Orga may refer to: * Orga, Cyprus * Irfan Orga (1908–1970), Turkish author * Orga Sabnak, a character from ''Gundam SEED'' * Orga Systems, a software company * Kamen Rider Orga, a character from the ''Kamen Rider 555'' film * Orga, a monster from the 1999 movie ''Godzilla 2000'' * ORGA Orga may refer to: * Orga, Cyprus * Irfan Orga (1908–1970), Turkish author * Orga Sabnak, a character from ''Gundam SEED'' * Orga Systems Orga Systems was a software vendor for convergent charging and billing solutions with an international cus ...

Orga Systems, Istanbul
Orga may refer to: * Orga, Cyprus * Irfan Orga (1908–1970), Turkish author * Orga Sabnak, a character from ''Gundam SEED'' * Orga Systems, a software company * Kamen Rider Orga is a Japanese dystopian film served as the film adaptation of the 2003 tokusatsu series ''Kamen Rider 555''. It was released during the run of the series as a double feature alongside '' Bakuryu Sentai Abaranger: Abare Summer is Freezing!'' on Au ..., a character from the ''Kamen Rider 555'' film * Orga, a monster from the 1999 movie '' Godzilla 2000'' * ORGA (''Organización Republicana Gallega Autónoma''), a Spanish political party {{disambiguation ...
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Orga Systems, Rome
Orga may refer to: * Orga, Cyprus * Irfan Orga (1908–1970), Turkish author * Orga Sabnak, a character from ''Gundam SEED'' * Orga Systems, a software company * Kamen Rider Orga is a Japanese dystopian film served as the film adaptation of the 2003 tokusatsu series ''Kamen Rider 555''. It was released during the run of the series as a double feature alongside '' Bakuryu Sentai Abaranger: Abare Summer is Freezing!'' on Au ..., a character from the ''Kamen Rider 555'' film * Orga, a monster from the 1999 movie '' Godzilla 2000'' * ORGA (''Organización Republicana Gallega Autónoma''), a Spanish political party {{disambiguation ...
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