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Order Of Prohibited Legitimacy
The Order of Prohibited Legitimacy (Italian language, Italian: Ordine di Vietata Legittimità/Spanish language, Spanish: Orden de la Legitimidad Proscrita) is a Parmese dynastic order of knighthood originally awarded by the House of Bourbon-Parma to Carlism, Carlist supporters. The order was founded in 1923 by Jaime, Duke of Madrid, Jaime de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma, a Carlist claimant to the Spanish throne and a Legitimist claimant to the French throne, for rewarding loyalists of the Carlist movement. In modern times, there are two branches of the Order. One branch's Grand master (order), Grand Master is Prince Carlos, Duke of Parma while the other's is his uncle, Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon-Parma, Prince Sixtus Henry. History The Order of Prohibited Legitimacy was created on 16 April 1923 by Jaime, Duke of Madrid, Jaime de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma; in Paris, he sent a letter to his political secretary José Selva Mergelina, José Selva Mergelina, 5th Marquis de Villore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cruz De La Orden De La Legitimidad Proscrita
Cruz is a surname of Iberian Peninsula, Iberian origin, first found in Castile (historical region), Castile, Spain, but later spread throughout the territories of the former Spanish Empire, Spanish and Portuguese Empires. In Spanish and Portuguese, the word means "cross", either the Christian cross or the figure of transecting lines or ways. For example, in the Philippines, the adopted Tagalog language, Tagalog word is rendered to "krus" in plain usage, but the Spanish spelling survives as a surname. The word "Cruz" (Spanish for "Cross"), as well as "Vera Cruz" ("True Cross") and "Santa Cruz" ("Holy Cross") are used as surnames and toponyms. Its origin as a surname particularly flourished after the Alhambra Decree of 1492 and the increasing activities of the Spanish Inquisition, when New Christian families with Crypto-Judaism, Crypto-Jewish, Morisco, Moorish, and/or mixed religious heritage converted to the state-enforced religion of Catholic Church, Catholicism and subsequently ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Throne
France was ruled by Monarch, monarchs from the establishment of the West Francia, Kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions. Classical French historiography usually regards Clovis I () as the first king of France, however historians today consider that such a kingdom did not begin until the establishment of West Francia. Titles The kings used the title "King of the Franks" ( la, Rex Francorum) until the late twelfth century; the first to adopt the title of "King of France" (Latin: ''Rex Franciae''; French language, French: ''roi de France'') was Philip II of France, Philip II in 1190 (r. 1180–1223), after which the title "King of the Franks" gradually lost ground. However, ''Francorum Rex'' continued to be sometimes used, for example by Louis XII of France, Louis XII in 1499, by Francis I of France, Francis I in 1515, and by Henry II of France, Henry II in about 1550; it was also used on coins up to the e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchess Of Guernica
Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ranked below princess nobility and grand dukes. The title comes from French ''duc'', itself from the Latin ''dux'', 'leader', a term used in republican Rome to refer to a military commander without an official rank (particularly one of Germanic or Celtic origin), and later coming to mean the leading military commander of a province. In most countries, the word ''duchess'' is the female equivalent. Following the reforms of the emperor Diocletian (which separated the civilian and military administrations of the Roman provinces), a ''dux'' became the military commander in each province. The title ''dux'', Hellenised to ''doux'', survived in the Eastern Roman Empire where it continued in several contexts, signifying a rank equivalent to a captain o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duke Of San Jaime
Infante Alfonso Carlos of Spain, Duke of San Jaime (Alfonso Carlos Fernando José Juan Pío; 12 September 1849, in London – 29 September 1936, in Vienna) was the Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain under the name Alfonso Carlos I; some French Legitimists declared him also the king of France, though Alfonso never officially endorsed these claims. In 1870 and in the ranks of the papal troops, he defended Rome against the Italian Army. In 1872–1874, he commanded sections of the front during the Third Carlist War. Between the mid-1870s and the early 1930s, he remained withdrawn into privacy, living in his residences in Austria. His public engagements were related to the buildup of an international league against dueling. Upon the unexpected death of his nephew Infante Jaime, Duke of Madrid in 1931, he inherited the Spanish and French monarchical claims. As an octagenarian he dedicated himself to development of Carlist structures in Spain. He led the movement into the anti- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duke Of Madrid
This is a list of the 149 present and extant royal and non-royal dukes in the peerage of the Spain, Kingdom of Spain. The oldest six titles – created between 1380 and 1476 – were Duke of Medina Sidonia (1380), Duke of Alburquerque (1464), Dukedom of Segorbe, Duke of Segorbe (1469), Duke of Alba (1472), Duke of Escalona (1472), and Duke of the Infantado, Duke of Infantado (1475). Spanish dukes have order of precedence, precedence over other ranks of Spanish nobility, nowadays all holding the court rank of ''Grandeza de España, Grande de España'', ''i.e.'' Grandee Kingdom of Spain, of the Realm. The only exception to this is the Duke of Fernandina, Dukedom of Fernandina, which due to a series of complex rehabilitation processes was never recognised with such title.Salazar y Acha, Jaime de, ''Los grandes de España (siglos XV-XXI)'', Ediciones Hidalguía (Madrid, 2012), p. 474 Dukes in the peerage of Spain See also *Spanish nobility *Grandee, Grandee of Spain *List of vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Count Of Montemolin
Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1992. p. 73. . The etymologically related English term "county" denoted the territories associated with the countship. Definition The word ''count'' came into English from the French ''comte'', itself from Latin ''comes''—in its accusative ''comitem''—meaning “companion”, and later “companion of the emperor, delegate of the emperor”. The adjective form of the word is "comital". The British and Irish equivalent is an earl (whose wife is a "countess", for lack of an English term). In the late Roman Empire, the Latin title ''comes'' denoted the high rank of various courtiers and provincial officials, either military or administrative: before Anthemius became emperor in the West in 467, he was a military ''comes' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlist Party
The Carlist Party ( es, Partido Carlista, ca, Partit Carlí, eu, Karlista Alderdia, gl, Partido Carlista, ast, Partíu Carlista; PC) is a Spanish political party that considers itself as a successor to the historical tradition of Carlism. The party was founded in 1970, although it remained illegal until 1977 following the death of the caudillo Francisco Franco and the democratisation of Spain. Since 2000, the general secretary of the party has been Evaristo Olcina and its official publication since is ''El Federal''. It has a political line of the alternative left, workers' self-management and confederalism. It annually organises the acts of Montejurra. The Carlist Party holds a federal structure with the possibility of it forming sovereign Carlist parties in the associate nationalities in the Carlist Party. The youths of the different Carlist parties and Carlist groups group together in the Carlist Youths. The party is known as the left-wing of the Carlist movement sin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titoism
Titoism is a political philosophy most closely associated with Josip Broz Tito during the Cold War. It is characterized by a broad Yugoslav identity, workers' self-management, a political separation from the Soviet Union, and leadership in the Non-Aligned Movement. Tito led the Communist Yugoslav Partisans during World War II in Yugoslavia. After the war, tensions arose between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union. Although these issues diminished over time, Yugoslavia still remained relatively independent in thought and policy. Tito led Yugoslavia until his death in 1980. Today, the term "Titoism" is sometimes used to refer to Yugo-nostalgia, a longing for reestablishment or revival of Yugoslavism or Yugoslavia by the citizens of Yugoslavia's successor states. Tito-Stalin split When the rest of Eastern Europe became satellite states of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia refused to accept the 1948 ''Resolution of the Cominform'' and the period from 1948 to 1955, known as the Inform ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Princess María Teresa Of Bourbon-Parma
Princess Marie Thérèse of Bourbon-Parma (Spanish: ''María Teresa de Borbón-Parma'', French: ''Marie-Thérèse de Bourbon-Parme''; 28 July 1933 – 26 March 2020) was a French-Spanish political activist and academic. She was a member of the House of Bourbon-Parma, a cadet branch of the Spanish royal family. She was a socialist activist, earning the nickname Red Princess, and a monarchist who supported the Carlist movement. She is the first royal known to have died of COVID-19. Early life and education Princess Marie Thérèse was born on 28 July 1933 in Paris. She was the daughter of Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma, Duke of Parma and Piacenza, a Carlist claimant to the Spanish throne, and Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset, a member of a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon. She was the younger sister of Princess Marie Françoise and Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma, and an older sister of Princess Cécile Marie, Princess Marie des Neiges and Prince Sixtus Henry, Duke of Aran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlos Hugo, Duke Of Parma
Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (8 April 1930 – 18 August 2010) was the head of the House of Bourbon-Parma from 1977 until his death. Carlos Hugo was the Carlist pretender to the throne of Spain and sought to change the political direction of the Carlist movement through the Carlist Party, of which he was the official head during the fatal Montejurra Incident. His marriage to Princess Irene of the Netherlands in 1964 caused a constitutional crisis in the Netherlands. Background Carlos Hugo was the son of Xavier, Duke of Parma, and Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset and was baptized ''Hugues Marie Sixte Robert Louis Jean Georges Benoît Michel''. He was a direct male descendant of Louis XIV. On 28 June 1963 he was officially renamed ''Charles Hugues'', by judgment of the court of appeal of la Seine, France. In 1977, his father died, and Carlos Hugo succeeded him claiming the thrones of Parma, Etruria and Spain. He was a French citizen, and from 1980, a naturalized Spanish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Xavier Of Bourbon-Parma
Xavier, Duke of Parma and Piacenza, known in France before 1974 as Prince Xavier de Bourbon-Parme, known in Spain as Francisco Javier de Borbón-Parma y de Braganza or simply as Don Javier (25 May 1889 – 7 May 1977), was the head of the ducal House of Bourbon-Parma and Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain. He was the second son of the last reigning Duke of Parma Robert I and his second wife Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal, although born after his father lost the throne. Educated with austerity at Stella Matutina, he grew up in France, Italy and Austria, where his father had properties. During World War I, he joined the Belgian army, fighting with distinction. With his brother Sixtus he was a go-between in the so-called Sixtus Affair, a failed attempt by his brother-in-law, Emperor Charles I of Austria to negotiate a separate peace with the Allies (1916–1917) through the Bourbon-Parma brothers. In 1936 Don Alfonso Carlos de Borbón, Duke of Madrid died, ending the male ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infanta Maria Das Neves Of Portugal
, image =Princess Maria das Neves of Bourbon (1877) - Adele, Graben19, Wien.png , image_size =225px , caption = , birth_date = , birth_place = Kleinheubach , death_date = , death_place = Vienna, Nazi Austria , burial_place = Puchheim Castle , house = Braganza , spouse = Alfonso Carlos of Bourbon, Duke of San Jaime , issue = , father = Miguel I of Portugal , mother = Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg , religion = Roman Catholicism Infanta Maria das Neves of Portugal (Portuguese: ''Maria das Neves Isabel Eulália Carlota Adelaide Micaela Gabriela Rafaela Gonzaga de Paula de Assis Inès Sofia Romana, Infanta de Portugal'') (5 August 1852 – 15 February 1941) was the eldest child and daughter of exiled Miguel of Portugal and his wife Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg. Maria was born in Kleinheubach, an Infanta of Portugal and member of the House of Braganza by birth. Until the birth of her brother Miguel, Duke of Braganza, Maria was titl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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