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Opt-outs In The European Union
In general, the law of the European Union is valid in all of the twenty-seven European Union member states. However, occasionally member states negotiate certain opt-outs from legislation or treaties of the European Union, meaning they do not have to participate in certain policy areas. Currently, three states have such opt-outs: Denmark ( two opt-outs), Ireland (two opt-outs) and Poland (one opt-out). The United Kingdom had four opt-outs before leaving the Union. This is distinct from the enhanced cooperation, a measure introduced in the Treaty of Amsterdam, whereby a minimum of nine member states are allowed to co-operate within the structure of the European Union without involving other member states, after the European Commission and a qualified majority have approved the measure. It is further distinct from Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification and permanent acquis suspensions, whose lifting is conditional on meeting certain benchmarks by the affected member states ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EU Opt-outs
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been described as a ''sui generis'' political entity (without precedent or comparison) combining the characteristics of both a federation and a confederation. Containing 5.8per cent of the world population in 2020, the EU generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around trillion in 2021, constituting approximately 18per cent of global nominal GDP. Additionally, all EU states but Bulgaria have a very high Human Development Index according to the United Nations Development Programme. Its cornerstone, the Customs Union, paved the way to establishing an internal single market based on standardised legal framework and legislation that applies in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where the states have agreed to act ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mechanism For Cooperation And Verification
The Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification (CVM) is a safeguard measure invoked by the European Commission when a new member or acceding state of the European Union has failed to implement commitments undertaken in the context of the accession negotiations in the fields of the Area of freedom, security and justice or internal market policy. Background Common practice in the EU is that during accession negotiations there are agreed some temporary transitional periods after accession of new states for derogation of application for specific parts of the ''acquis communautaire'', because of difficulties either for the new member state (lime environmental regulations for large combustion plants) or for the old member states (like free movement of workers). Such temporary transitional periods in regard to particular member states are also implemented when various new pieces of EU legislation are adopted . In some cases the derogation is not temporary but permanent. Such derog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2000 Danish Euro Referendum
A referendum on joining the Eurozone was held in Denmark on 28 September 2000. Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p525 It was rejected by 53.2% of voters with a turnout of 87.6%.Results and background for referendum EU Oplysningen Background On 2 June 1992, Danish voters rejected the in a . On 18 May 1993, Denmark ratified an amended treaty in accordance with the[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lisbon Treaty
The Treaty of Lisbon (initially known as the Reform Treaty) is an international agreement that amends the two treaties which form the constitutional basis of the European Union (EU). The Treaty of Lisbon, which was signed by the EU member states on 13 December 2007, entered into force on 1 December 2009.eur-lex.europa.eu: " Official Journal of the European Union C 115 Volume 51, 9 May 2008, retrieved 1 June 2014 It amends the (1992), known in updated form as the Treaty on European Union ...
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1993 Danish Maastricht Treaty Referendum
A second referendum on the Maastricht Treaty was held in Denmark on 18 May 1993.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p525 After rejecting the treaty in a referendum the previous year, this time it was approved by 56.7% of voters with an 86.5% turnout.Maastricht-traktaten & Edinburgh-afgørelsen 18. maj 1993 EU Oplysningen Background It was the second attempt to ratify the Maastricht Treaty, which could not come into effect unless ratified by all members of the . Thus, the[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1992 Danish Maastricht Treaty Referendum
A referendum on the Maastricht Treaty was held in Denmark on 2 June 1992. It was rejected by 50.7% of voters with a turnout of 83.1%.Eu-oplysningen.dk The rejection was a blow to the process of European integration, although the process continued. The result of the referendum, along with the "" in the French Maastricht referendum signaled the end of the "permissive consensus" on European integration which had existed in most of continental Europe until then. This was expressed by |
Decision (European Union)
In European Union law, a decision is a legal instrument which is binding upon those individuals to which it is addressed.Per Article 288 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (formerly Article 249 TEC). They are one of three kinds of legal instruments which may be effected under EU law which can have legally binding effects on individuals. Decisions may be addressed to member states or individuals. The Council of the European Union can delegate power to make decisions to the European Commission. The legislative procedure for the adoption of a decision varies depending on its subject matter. The ordinary legislative procedure (formerly known as the Codecision procedure) requires the agreement of and allows amendments by both the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. The Assent procedure requires the agreement of both Parliament and Council, but the Parliament can only agree or disagree to the text as a whole - it cannot propose amendments. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edinburgh Agreement (1992)
The Edinburgh Agreement or Edinburgh Decision is a December 1992 agreement reached at a European Council meeting in Edinburgh, Scotland, that granted Denmark four exceptions to the Maastricht Treaty so that it could be ratified by Denmark. This was necessary because, without all member states of the European Union ratifying it, it could not come into effect. Denmark had first rejected the Maastricht treaty, but with the addition of the Edinburgh Agreement, ratified the treaty in a 1993 referendum. The member states that had already ratified the Maastricht Treaty did not have to do so again. Denmark obtained four opt-outs from the Maastricht Treaty following the treaty's initial rejection in a 1992 referendum. The opt-outs are outlined in the Edinburgh Agreement and concern the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) and the citizenship of the European Union. With these opt-outs the Danish people accepted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maastricht Treaty
The Treaty on European Union, commonly known as the Maastricht Treaty, is the foundation treaty of the European Union (EU). Concluded in 1992 between the then-twelve member states of the European Communities, it announced "a new stage in the process of European integration" chiefly in provisions for a shared European citizenship, for the eventual introduction of a single currency, and (with less precision) for common foreign and security policies. Although these were widely seen to presage a "federal Europe", the focus of constitutional debate shifted to the later 2007 Treaty of Lisbon. In the wake of the Eurozone debt crisis unfolding from 2009, the most enduring reference to the Maastricht Treaty has been to the rules of compliance – the "Maastricht criteria" – for the currency union. Against the background of the end of the Cold War and the re-unification of Germany, and in anticipation of accelerated globalisation, the treaty negotiated tensions between member sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
