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Operation Death To The Invader
Operation Death to the Invader ( he, מִבְצָע מָוֶת לַפּוֹלֵשׁ), also Death to the Invaders, was an Israeli military operation during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was carried out on July 16–18, 1948 in the northwestern Negev desert. The operation's objective was to link Jewish villages in the Negev desert with the rest of Israel, after this aim was not achieved in Operation An-Far that ended on July 15. The Egyptians blocked Israeli access to its Negev villages during the first truce of the war (June 11 – July 8), by taking up positions on the Majdal – Bayt Jibrin road, where most of the battles of Death to the Invaders were fought. The operation started with a series of raids on Egyptian bases and Palestinian Arab villages on July 16–17, including Jilya, Qazaza, Idnibba, Mughallis, Zayta, Isdud and Bayt Jibrin. It was followed on July 17–18 by assaults on Bayt 'Affa, Hill 113, Kawkaba and Huleiqat, which all failed. Finally, on July 18, the I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1948 Arab–Israeli War
The 1948 (or First) Arab–Israeli War was the second and final stage of the 1948 Palestine war. It formally began following the end of the British Mandate for Palestine at midnight on 14 May 1948; the Israeli Declaration of Independence had been issued earlier that day, and a military coalition of Arab states entered the territory of British Palestine in the morning of 15 May. The day after the 29 November 1947 adoption of the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine – which planned to divide Palestine into an Arab state, a Jewish state, and the Special International Regime encompassing the cities of Jerusalem and Bethlehem – an ambush of two buses carrying Jews took place in an incident regarded as the first in the civil war which broke out after the UN decision. The violence had certain continuities with the past, the Fajja bus attack being a direct response to a Lehi massacre on 19 November of five members of an Arab family, suspected of being British informan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jilya
Jilya was a Palestinian Arab village in the Ramle Subdistrict of Mandatory Palestine. The Romans referred to it as Jilya by Galla. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War by the Givati Brigade of the first stage of Operation Dani on July 9, 1948. It was located 17 km south of Ramla. History The PEF's ''Survey of Western Palestine'' (SWP) thought that Jilya was the ''Gallaa'' of the Onomasticon, mentioned as a town near '' Accaron''. Ottoman era Jilya, like all of Palestine was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517. In the 1596 tax registers, it was listed as an entirely Muslim village, located in the ''nahiya'' of Gazza in the '' liwa'' of Gazza, with a population of 17 families; an estimated population of 94.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p.150Khalidi, 1992, p. 385 The inhabitants paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, vineyards, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morrison–Grady Plan
The Morrison–Grady Plan, also known as the Morrison Plan or the Provincial Autonomy Plan was a joint Anglo-American plan announced on 31 July 1946 for the creation of a unitary federal trusteeship in Mandatory Palestine. Following the issuance of the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry report on 20 April 1946, a new committee was created to establish how the Anglo-American proposals would be implemented, led by British Deputy Prime Minister Herbert Morrison and US diplomat Henry F. Grady. Morrison presented the plan to the British Parliament on 31 July 1946. HC Deb 31 July 1946 vol 426 cc957-1075 In the United States, President Truman's initial support for the plan changed after American Zionist lobbying against it before the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
11 Points In The Negev
11 points in the Negev ( he, 11 הנקודות or he2, אחת-עשרה הנקודות, ''Akhat-Esre HaNekudot'') refers to a Jewish Agency plan to establish 11 settlements in the Negev in 1946 prior to the partition of Palestine and the establishment of the State of Israel. History A plan to establish eleven "points" of Jewish settlement in the Negev was devised to assure a Jewish presence in the area prior to the partition of Palestine. That followed the publication of the Morrison-Grady Plan, a partition proposal in which the Negev was to be part of an Arab state.50th anniversary of the 11 Negev settlements Boeliem Together, the Jewish National Fund, the Jewish Agency, the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Three Lookouts
The three lookouts ( he, שלושת המצפים, ''Shloshet HaMitzpim'', also ''Mitzpot'') were three Jewish settlements built in the Negev desert in 1943 on land owned by the Jewish National Fund. The goal was securing the land and assessing its feasibility for agriculture. The founding was preceded by a complex land purchase procedure, as the British authorities had practically prohibited Jewish land acquisition in the area following the costly 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine, Arab Revolt and the subsequent White Paper of 1939. These lookouts, Revivim, Gvulot, and Beit Eshel, later served as a springboard for further Jewish population of the Negev. The residents of the lookouts made extensive geophysical surveys and conducted agricultural experiments for this purpose. History Historical background and early proposals The British White Paper of 1939 and the 1940 Land Transfer Regulations placed a number of restrictions on Jewish settlement and land purchase in the Mandato ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karatiyya
Karatiyya ( ar, كرتيا) was a Palestinian Arab village of 1,370, located northeast of Gaza, situated in a flat area with an elevation of along the coastal plain of Palestine and crossed by Wadi al-Mufrid. History Byzantine ceramics have been found here. In the 12th century, a castle called ''Galatie'' was built on the village site by the Crusaders, it was subsequently captured by the Ayyubids under Saladin in 1187,Khalidi, 1992, p.118 and destroyed in September 1191. The place called ''Kulat el Fenish'' by the village was apparently once a church. The remains were seen in 1875: "The tower on the mound is called Kulat el Fenish. It is a solid block of masonry, standing some 20 or 30 feet in height. Near it lie shafts and bases of white marble, and an elaborate cornice, well and deeply cut. There is also a font, like that at Beit 'Auwa (Sheet XXI.), formed by four intersecting circles, and measuring 37 feet along the diameter, and 2 feet high." In 1226, Arab geogra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hatta, Gaza
Hatta ( ar, حتا) was a Palestinian Arab village of 1,125 inhabitants that was depopulated after a July 17, 1948 assault by Israeli forces of the Givati Brigade during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. Following the war the area was incorporated into the State of Israel and Zavdiel and Aluma were established on the land that had belonged to Hatta. Location The village was situated in a flat area on the southern coastal plain. It was probably named after the al-Hut tribe, originally from Najd in central Arabia, who camped near the site at the end of the fifth century A.D.Khalidi, 1992, p. 100 History The Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi (d. 1228) referred to the village as Hattawa and said it was the home of the Islamic scholar ´Amru al-Hattawi. Ottoman era Hatta, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the tax registers of 1596 it appeared under the name of ''Hatta as-Sajara'' as being in the ''nahiya'' of Gazza, part of the Sanja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hulayqat
Hulayqat was a Palestinian Arab village in the Gaza Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine. It was located 20.5 km northeast of Gaza. History Hulayqat had numerous khirbas. Artifacts include pieces of marble and pottery as well as cisterns and a pool.Khalidi, 1992, p. 104 Ottoman era In 1838, in the Ottoman era, ''Huleikat'' was noted as village in the Gaza district.Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p.119/ref> An Ottoman village list from about 1870 showed that Hulayqat had a population of 55, with a total of 14 houses, though the population count included men, only. In 1883, the PEF's ''Survey of Western Palestine'' described it as a "small village on a flat slope, with a high sandy hill to the west. It has cisterns and a pond, with a small garden to the west.” British Mandate era In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, ''Hukiqat'' had a population of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kawkaba
Kawkaba (), known to the Crusaders as Coquebel, was a Palestinian Arab village that was occupied by Israel during Operation Yoav during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, and depopulated. Location The village was situated on an uneven stretch of red-brown soil on the southern coastal plain. It lay on the highway constructed by the British during World War II, which paralleled the coastal highway. History The site was known during the Crusades as Coquebel. Kawkaba contained an archaeological site with a pool, cisterns, the foundations of buildings, columns, severed capitals. North of it was Khirbat Kamas, which was identified as the Crusader Camsa and which yielded some archaeological artifacts. Ottoman era Kawkaba was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with the rest of Palestine, and by 1596 tax record it was known as ''Kawkab'', with a population of 16 Muslim households; an estimated 88 persons. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on a number of crops, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bayt 'Affa
Bayt 'Affa was a Palestinian village in the Gaza Subdistrict. It was depopulated and destroyed during the 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine. It was located northeast of Gaza and Wadi al-Rana ran east of the village. History The village had a ''khirba'' which contained the remains of walls made of ancient columns, uncut stones and a well.Khalidi, 1992, p. 86 Ottoman era Incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, Bayt 'Affa appeared in the 1596 tax registers as being in the ''Nahiya'' of Gaza, part of Gaza Sanjak. It had a population of 26 Muslim households,Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 144 an estimated 143 inhabitants, who paid taxes on wheat, barley, vine yards and fruit trees. 1/24 th of the revenue went to a waqf. In 1838 Edward Robinson noted it as ''Beit 'Affa'', a Muslim village in the Gaza district. In 1863, Victor Guérin found it to be a village of 400 inhabitants, surrounded by tobacco and cucumber fields, while a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isdud
Isdud ( ar, اسدود) is a former Palestinian people, Palestinian village and the site of the ancient and classical-era Levantine metropolis of Ashdod. The Arab village, which had a population of 4,910 in 1945, was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Today the ruins are located in the Be'er Tuvia Regional Council, Be'er Tuvia region, 6 km southwest of the modern Israeli city of Ashdod. The archaeological site is known as Tel Ashdod, and remnants of the settlement's ancient and modern remains are visible. The first documented urban settlement at Isdud dates to the 17th century BCE, when it was a fortified Canaan, Canaanite city. It was destroyed at the Bronze Age Collapse, end of the Late Bronze Age. During the Iron Age, it was a prominent Philistines, Philistine city, one of the Philistia, five Philistine city-states. It is mentioned 13 times in the Hebrew Bible. After being captured by Uzziah, it was briefly ruled by the Kingdom of Judah before it was taken by the Ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zayta, Hebron
Zayta ( ar, زيْتا ''Zaytā'') was a Palestinian Arab village in the Hebron Subdistrict in Mandate Palestine. During Crusader rule in Palestine, the village is mentioned as forming part of the landholdings of the Order of St. John. At the time of the rule of the Ottoman Empire, according to the 1596 census, Zayta had a population of 165. Mentioned by Western travellers to the region in the 19th century, it is described by one as, "a picturesque Arab village"; by 1945, its population was 330 inhabitants.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945''. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p51/ref> Zayta was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War between July 17–18, 1948. Its inhabitants became refugees, ending up the West Bank and Gaza Strip. All that remains of the village structures is the well that served as its main water source. Location Zayta was situated on a hill between Bayt Jibrin and Jusayr.Gilbar et al., 1990p. 323 Wadi Zayta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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