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Oldfield River
The Oldfield River is an ephemeral river in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia that rises inland from the South Coast at the edge of the Yilgarn plateau. The river starts at above sea level then flows in a south easterly direction crossing the South Coast Highway near Munglinup. The river gently undulates through sandstone forming gentle valleys with many granite outcrops, the river then carves deeper valleys through the siltstone before entering the coastal plain. The river is then joined by its tributary, the Munglinup River, before flowing into the Oldfield estuary which discharges into the Southern Ocean. The only other tributary of the Oldfield River is Coujinup Creek. The river is regarded as saline with high nutrient levels, moderate sedimentation, moderate fringing vegetation and has a low flood risk. Named as Oldfield river by the settler Michael Simon Dempster in a letter written in 1866, the river is thought to have been named after Augustus F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oldfield Estuary
Oldfield Estuary is an estuary in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia. The estuary has a length of and is no wider than with a total area of approximately . The estuary has a main basin area of about and the rest is flood and tidal delta. The Oldfield River and the Munglinup River both discharge into the estuary. Uncleared bushland surrounds the estuary which has high dunes to the east and low sediments to the west. The lagoon is filled with river sediment to the north and beach sand to the south with a long high sandbar that breaks every three to four years. The estuary functions primarily as a result of wave energy. The seagrass ''Ruppia megacarpa ''Ruppia megacarpa'' is a submerged herb species in the genus ''Ruppia'' found in shallow brackish waters. It is a common on Australasian coasts, including Australia (NSW; SA; Vic Vic (; es, Vic or Pancracio Celdrán (2004). Diccionario de ...'' is found in the estuary. The catchment area of the estu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Granite
Granite () is a coarse-grained (phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase. It forms from magma with a high content of silica and alkali metal oxides that slowly cools and solidifies underground. It is common in the continental crust of Earth, where it is found in igneous intrusions. These range in size from dikes only a few centimeters across to batholiths exposed over hundreds of square kilometers. Granite is typical of a larger family of ''granitic rocks'', or ''granitoids'', that are composed mostly of coarse-grained quartz and feldspars in varying proportions. These rocks are classified by the relative percentages of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase (the QAPF classification), with true granite representing granitic rocks rich in quartz and alkali feldspar. Most granitic rocks also contain mica or amphibole minerals, though a few (known as leucogranites) contain almost no dark minerals. Granite is nearly alway ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Young Hassell
Albert Young Hassell (15 November 184120 September 1918) was a prominent Australian pastoralist and politician. Born in Albany, on 15 November 1841, Albert was the second son of pastoralist John Hassell who had pioneered the area around Kendenup in the Great Southern region of Western Australia in 1840. The young Albert was educated at a private school in Albany leaving at age 11 to work on the family farm. Working on the property Albert Hassell eventually became manager of another of his father's properties near Jerramungup from 1861 to 1863. He became the first European to overland to Esperance during the time. From 1864 to 1878 Albert and his brother, John Frederick Hassell, ran the family businesses. Hassell ran for parliament and won a by-election representing the seat of Albany in the colony's first part-elective Legislative Council from 1871 to 1874; after the term expired he resigned from the post. Under responsible government he later represented Plantagenet i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augustus Frederick Oldfield
Augustus Frederick Oldfield (1821–1887) was an English botanist and zoologist who made large collections of plant specimens in Australia. Oldfield was born on 12 January 1821 in London, England. He made botanical collections in Tasmania, the coastal regions of Western Australia, and on the Nullarbor Plain. Records of his journey note him walking from Sydney to Melbourne, and collections at Twofold Bay, the Huon Valley and mountains in Tasmania, and other regions in the 1850s and 60s. The large body of material in the west of the country was collected from King George Sound to the Murchison River, and he travelled across the Nullarbor to Adelaide. Oldfield published a paper 'On the Aborigines of Australia' in 1865, a detailed survey of the cultural practices of the peoples living near Port Gregory. He died on 22 May 1887, after returning to London in 1862. His main collection was deposited at Melbourne by Ferdinand von Mueller, other parts of his herbaria are held at Kew and Wes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saline Water
Saline water (more commonly known as salt water) is water that contains a high concentration of dissolved salts (mainly sodium chloride). On the United States Geological Survey (USGS) salinity scale, saline water is saltier than brackish water, but less salty than brine. The salt concentration is usually expressed in parts per thousand (permille, ‰) and parts per million (ppm). The USGS salinity scale defines three levels of saline water. The salt concentration in slightly saline water is 1,000 to 3,000 ppm (0.1–0.3%); in moderately saline water is 3,000 to 10,000 ppm (0.3–1%); and in highly saline water is 10,000 to 35,000 ppm (1–3.5%). Seawater has a salinity of roughly 35,000 ppm, equivalent to 35 grams of salt per one liter (or kilogram) of water. The saturation level is only nominally dependent on the temperature of the water. At one liter of water can dissolve about 357 grams of salt, a concentration of 26.3% w/w. At boiling () the amount that can be dissolved in o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southern Ocean
The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean, generally taken to be south of 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica. With a size of , it is regarded as the second-smallest of the five principal oceanic divisions: smaller than the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans but larger than the Arctic Ocean. Over the past 30 years, the Southern Ocean has been subject to rapid climate change, which has led to changes in the marine ecosystem. By way of his voyages in the 1770s, James Cook proved that waters encompassed the southern latitudes of the globe. Since then, geographers have disagreed on the Southern Ocean's northern boundary or even existence, considering the waters as various parts of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans, instead. However, according to Commodore John Leech of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), recent oceanographic research has discovered the importance of Southern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Munglinup River
The Munglinup River is an ephemeral river in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia. The headwaters of the river rise near Cheadanup Nature Reserve. It flows in a southerly direction through cleared farmland, then crossing the South Coast Highway near the town of Munglinup before discharging into the Oldfield River, of which it is a tributary, approximately from the coast. For most of the length of the river it is within a vegetated corridor, the surrounding land is mostly cleared for stock with only about 15% remnant vegetation remaining. The river only flows in the winter months and the water is naturally saline or brackish. The only tributary to the river is Clayhole Creek. The word Munglinup is Indigenous Australian in origin and of unknown meaning. The name was first recorded by C.D. Price, a surveyor Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the terrestrial two-dimensional or three-dimensional pos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tributary
A tributary, or affluent, is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem (or parent) river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river drain the surrounding drainage basin of its surface water and groundwater, leading the water out into an ocean. The Irtysh is a chief tributary of the Ob river and is also the longest tributary river in the world with a length of . The Madeira River is the largest tributary river by volume in the world with an average discharge of . A confluence, where two or more bodies of water meet, usually refers to the joining of tributaries. The opposite to a tributary is a distributary, a river or stream that branches off from and flows away from the main stream. PhysicalGeography.net, Michael Pidwirny & S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siltstone
Siltstone, also known as aleurolite, is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of silt. It is a form of mudrock with a low clay mineral content, which can be distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility.Blatt ''et al.'' 1980, pp.381-382 Although its permeability and porosity is relatively low, siltstone is sometimes a tight gas reservoir rock, an unconventional reservoir for natural gas that requires hydraulic fracturing for economic gas production. Siltstone was prized in ancient Egypt for manufacturing statuary and cosmetic palettes. The siltstone quarried at Wadi Hammamat was a hard, fine-grained siltstone that resisted flaking and was almost ideal for such uses. Description There is not complete agreement on the definition of siltstone. One definition is that siltstone is mudrock ( clastic sedimentary rock containing at least 50% clay and silt) in which at least 2/3 of the clay and silt fraction is composed of silt-sized particles. Silt is defined a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandstone
Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains. Sandstones comprise about 20–25% of all sedimentary rocks. Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar (both silicates) because they are the most resistant minerals to weathering processes at the Earth's surface. Like uncemented sand, sandstone may be any color due to impurities within the minerals, but the most common colors are tan, brown, yellow, red, grey, pink, white, and black. Since sandstone beds often form highly visible cliffs and other topographic features, certain colors of sandstone have been strongly identified with certain regions. Rock formations that are primarily composed of sandstone usually allow the percolation of water and other fluids and are porous enough to store large quantities, making them valuable aquifers and petroleum reservoirs. Quartz-bearing sandstone can be changed into quartzite through metamorphism, usually related to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, smaller islands. With an area of , Australia is the largest country by area in Oceania and the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, sixth-largest country. Australia is the oldest, flattest, and driest inhabited continent, with the least fertile soils. It is a Megadiverse countries, megadiverse country, and its size gives it a wide variety of landscapes and climates, with Deserts of Australia, deserts in the centre, tropical Forests of Australia, rainforests in the north-east, and List of mountains in Australia, mountain ranges in the south-east. The ancestors of Aboriginal Australians began arriving from south east Asia approximately Early human migrations#Nearby Oceania, 65,000 years ago, during the Last Glacial Period, last i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Munglinup, Western Australia
Munglinup is a small town located in the Shire of Ravensthorpe in the Goldfields–Esperance region of Western Australia. The town lies on the South Coast Highway between Ravensthorpe and Esperance and close to the Munglinup River. The river for most of its course defines the boundary of the Esperance and Ravensthorpe shires. At the Oldfield Estuary, the boundary goes to the eastern shore. The word Munglinup is Noongar in origin and means ''where young people met their in-laws.'' The name first appears on maps made by the Dempster brothers, early settlers of the area in 1868. The region was first opened up for farming in the late 1950s. By the early 1960s, the community asked for a townsite between Esperance and Ravensthorpe to be considered. The townsite was surveyed in 1961 and gazetted in 1962. The surrounding areas produce wheat and other cereal crops. The town is a receival site for Cooperative Bulk Handling The CBH Group (commonly known as CBH, an acronym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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