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Occupational Sexism
Occupational sexism (also called sexism in the workplace and employment sexism) is discrimination based on a person's sex that occurs in a place of employment. Social role theory Social role theory may explain one reason for why occupational sexism exists. Historically women's place was in the home, while the males were in the workforce. This division consequently formed expectations for both men and women in society and occupations. These expectations, in turn, gave rise to gender stereotypes that play a role in the formation of sexism in the work place, i.e., occupational sexism. According to a reference, there are three common patterns associated with social role theory that might help explain the relationship between the theory and occupational sexism. The three patterns are as follows: #Women tend to take on more domestic tasks; #Women and men often have different occupational roles; and #In occupations, women often have lower status These patterns can work as the fore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Does The Law Mandate Nondiscrimination Based On Gender In Hiring
Does may refer to: * A form of the English verb ''do (verb), do'' * Deer, a ruminant mammal belonging to the family Cervidae * plural of John Doe, a number of unnamed individuals * Does (album), an album by rock/jazz band The Slip * Does (band), a Japanese rock band {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equal Pay Act Of 1963
The Equal Pay Act of 1963 is a United States labor law amending the Fair Labor Standards Act, aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex (see gender pay gap). It was signed into law on June 10, 1963, by John F. Kennedy as part of his New Frontier Program. In passing the bill, Congress stated that sex discrimination: * depresses wages and living standards for employees necessary for their health and efficiency; * prevents the maximum utilization of the available labor resources; * tends to cause labor disputes, thereby burdening, affecting, and obstructing commerce; * burdens commerce and the free flow of goods in commerce; and * constitutes an unfair method of competition. The law provides in part that " employer having employees subject to any provisions of this section ection 206 of title 29 of the United States Codeshall discriminate, within any establishment in which such employees are employed, between employees on the basis of sex by paying wages to employees in such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sexism
Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender. Sexism can affect anyone, but it primarily affects women and girls.There is a clear and broad consensus among academic scholars in multiple fields that sexism refers primarily to discrimination against women, and primarily affects women. See, for example: * Defines sexism as "prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex". * Defines sexism as "prejudice or discrimination based on sex or gender, especially against women and girls". Notes that "sexism in a society is most commonly applied against women and girls. It functions to maintain patriarchy, or male domination, through ideological and material practices of individuals, collectives, and institutions that oppress women and girls on the basis of sex or gender." * Notes that Sexism' refers to a historically and globally pervasive form of oppression against women." * Notes that "sexism usually refers to preju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queen Bee Syndrome
Queen bee syndrome is a phenomenon first defined by C. Tavris, G.L. Staines, and T.E. Jayaratne in 1973. “Queen bee” is a derogatory term applied to women who have achieved success in traditionally male-dominated fields. These women often take on “masculine” traits and distance themselves from other women in the workplace in order to succeed. They may also view or treat subordinates more critically if they are female, and refuse to help other women rise up the ranks as a form of self-preservation. There are competing arguments as to whether or not queen bee syndrome is simply a myth. Some believe the term “queen bee” perpetuates outdated gender stereotypes, especially since there is currently no male-equivalent term. Tavris herself has expressed regret over coining such “a catchy name” for “such a complex pattern of behavior”. She explains that the term has been misinterpreted, providing a false understanding of female dynamics in the workplace. The queen bee ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occupational Segregation
Occupational segregation is the distribution of workers across and within occupations, based upon demographic characteristics, most often gender. Other types of occupational segregation include racial and ethnicity segregation, and sexual orientation segregation. These demographic characteristics often intersect. While a job refers to an actual position in a firm or industry, an occupation represents a group of similar jobs that require similar skill requirements and duties. Many occupations are segregated within themselves because of the differing jobs, but this is difficult to detect in terms of occupational data. Occupational segregation compares different groups and their occupations within the context of the entire labor force. The value or prestige of the jobs are typically not factored into the measurements. Occupational segregation levels differ on a basis of perfect segregation and integration. Perfect segregation occurs where any given occupation employs only one group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Motherhood Penalty
The motherhood penalty is a term coined by sociologists who argue that in the workplace, working mothers encounter disadvantages in pay, perceived competence, and benefits relative to childless women. Specifically, women may suffer a per-child wage penalty, resulting in a pay gap between non-mothers and mothers that is larger than the gap between men and women. Mothers may also suffer worse job-site evaluations indicating that they are less committed to their jobs, less dependable, and less authoritative than non-mothers. Thus, mothers may experience disadvantages in terms of hiring, pay, and daily job experience. The motherhood penalty is not limited to one simple cause but can rather be linked to many theories and societal perceptions. However, one prominent theory that can be consistently linked to this penalty is the work-effort theory. It is also based on the mother's intersectionality. There are many effects developed from the motherhood penalty including wage, hiring, and p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Joan Ruth Bader Ginsburg ( ; ; March 15, 1933September 18, 2020) was an American lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1993 until her death in 2020. She was nominated by President Bill Clinton to replace retiring justice Byron White, and at the time was generally viewed as a moderate consensus-builder. She eventually became part of the liberal wing of the Court as the Court shifted to the right over time. Ginsburg was the first Jewish woman and the second woman to serve on the Court, after Sandra Day O'Connor. During her tenure, Ginsburg wrote notable majority opinions, including '' United States v. Virginia''(1996), '' Olmstead v. L.C.''(1999), '' Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc.''(2000), and '' City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York''(2005). Ginsburg was born and grew up in Brooklyn, New York. Her older sister died when she was a baby, and her mother died shortly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lilly Ledbetter
Lilly McDaniel Ledbetter (born April 14, 1938) is an American activist who was the plaintiff in the United States Supreme Court case '' Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.'' regarding employment discrimination. Two years after the Supreme Court decided that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 does not allow employers to be sued for pay discrimination more than 180 days after an employee's first paycheck, the United States Congress passed a fair pay act in her name to remedy this issue, the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009. She has since become a women's equality activist, public speaker, and author. In 2011, Ledbetter was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. Personal life Ledbetter was born Lilly McDaniel in Jacksonville, Alabama, and graduated from Jacksonville High School in 1956. Her father J.C. McDaniel was a mechanic at the Anniston Army Depot. After graduating from high school, Lilly McDaniel married Charles Ledbetter and had two children, Vick ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ledbetter V
Ledbetter may refer to: Surname * Branden Ledbetter, American football player * Brownie Ledbetter, political activist * Calvin Ledbetter, Jr., educator and politician * Eleanor Edwards Ledbetter, American librarian * Huddie William Ledbetter, the real name of the blues singer Lead Belly * Jeremiah Ledbetter, American football player * Jonathan Ledbetter (born 1997), American football player * Lilly Ledbetter, plaintiff in '' Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.'' * Marshall Ledbetter, protester * Monte Ledbetter, American football player * Nathaniel Ledbetter, American politician * Razor Ledbetter, Major League Baseball pitcher Places In the United States: * Ledbetter, Kentucky * Ledbetter, Texas, an unincorporated community in northern Fayette County * Ledbetter Gardens, Dallas, a neighborhood in the West Dallas area of Dallas, Texas * Ledbetter station, a DART Light Rail station in the southern part of Dallas, Texas * Leadbetter Beach or Ledbetter Beach, a beach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Price Waterhouse
PricewaterhouseCoopers is an international professional services brand of firms, operating as partnerships under the PwC brand. It is the second-largest professional services network in the world and is considered one of the Big Four accounting firms, along with Deloitte, EY and KPMG. PwC firms are in 157 countries, across 742 locations, with 284,000 people. As of 2019, 26% of the workforce was based in the Americas, 26% in Asia, 32% in Western Europe and 5% in Middle East and Africa. The company's global revenues were $42.4 billion in FY 2019, of which $17.4 billion was generated by its Assurance practice, $10.7 billion by its Tax and Legal practice and $14.4 billion by its Advisory practice. The firm in its recent actual form was created in 1998 by a merger between two accounting firms: Coopers & Lybrand, and Price Waterhouse. Both firms had histories dating back to the 19th century. The trading name was shortened to PwC (stylized p''w''c) in September 2010 as part of a reb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ann Hopkins
Ann Hopkins (December 18, 1943 – June 23, 2018) was an American business manager who was the plaintiff in the landmark American employment discrimination case '' Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins''. Early life and education Ann Branigar Hopkins was born in Galveston, Texas, the oldest of three children, but she and her siblings grew up in Germany. Her family moved around every few years, within both Europe and the U.S., as a result of her father's military service. Hopkins attended Hollins College in Virginia, earning a bachelor's degree in 1965. She continued on to Indiana University, where she completed a master's degree in mathematics in 1967. Early career Hopkins began her career in aerospace at IBM, where she created mathematical models that predicted the motions of scientific and weather satellites under various conditions. She eventually moved into project management, working for several smaller aerospace firms, but decided to leave the industry in search of a more fin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Price Waterhouse V
A price is the (usually not negative) quantity of payment or compensation given by one party to another in return for goods or services. In some situations, the price of production has a different name. If the product is a "good" in the commercial exchange, the payment for this product will likely be called its "price". However, if the product is "service", there will be other possible names for this product's name. For example, the graph on the bottom will show some situations A good's price is influenced by production costs, supply of the desired item, and demand for the product. A price may be determined by a monopolist or may be imposed on the firm by market conditions. Price can be quoted to currency, quantities of goods or vouchers. * In modern economies, prices are generally expressed in units of some form of currency. (More specifically, for raw materials they are expressed as currency per unit weight, e.g. euros per kilogram or Rands per KG.) * Although prices ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
