Nuna 4
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Nuna 4
The Nuna 4 is a solar car developed by the Delft University of Technology in 2006-2007 for the 2007 World Solar Challenge. It succeeded the Nuna 3, the solar car that scored a hat trick by winning the World Solar Challenge for the third time in a row. The Nuna4 also won the 2007 World Solar Challenge with an average speed of ahead of the Belgian Umicore and Australian Aurora teams, making its fourth consecutive win.Final Results
The Nuna4 measures 472 x 168 x 110 cm and weighs less than 190 kg (without driver). Its main innovation is its very light construction.


Technical specifications


Changes to previous version

Because of risks involved with the high speeds reached by the solar cars in the previous races (Nuna3 averaged over ) and tighter speed limits on the Australian roads th ...
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Solar Car Racing
Solar car racing refers to competitive races of electric vehicles which are powered by solar energy obtained from solar panels on the surface of the car (solar cars). The first solar car race was the Tour de Sol in 1985 which led to several similar races in Europe, US and Australia. Such challenges are often entered by universities to develop their students' engineering and technological skills, but many business corporations have entered competitions in the past. A small number of high school teams participate in solar car races designed exclusively for high school students. Distance races The two most notable solar car distance (overland) races are the World Solar Challenge and the American Solar Challenge. They are contested by a variety of university and corporate teams. Corporate teams participate in the races to give their design teams experience of working with both alternative energy sources and advanced materials. University teams participate in order to give their students ...
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Cruise Control
Cruise control (also known as speed control, cruise command, autocruise, or tempomat) is a system that automatically controls the speed of a motor vehicle. The system is a servomechanism that takes over the throttle of the car to maintain a steady speed as set by the driver. History Speed control existed in early automobiles such as the Wilson-Pilcher in the early 1900s. They had a lever on the steering column that could be used to set the speed to be maintained by the engine. In 1908, the Peerless included a governor to maintain the speed of the engine through an extra throttle lever on the steering wheel. Peerless successfully used a flyball governor. They advertised their system as being able to "maintain speed whether uphill or down". A governor was used by James Watt and Matthew Boulton in 1788 to control steam engines, but the use of governors dates at least back to the 17th century. On an engine, the governor uses centrifugal force to adjust throttle position to ada ...
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Delft University Of Technology
Delft University of Technology ( nl, Technische Universiteit Delft), also known as TU Delft, is the oldest and largest Dutch public technical university, located in Delft, Netherlands. As of 2022 it is ranked by QS World University Rankings among the top 10 engineering and technology universities in the world. In the fields of architecture and civil engineering, it was ranked 2nd in the world, after MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). With eight faculties and numerous research institutes, it has more than 26,000 students (undergraduate and postgraduate) and 6,000 employees (teaching, research, support and management staff). The university was established on 8 January 1842 by William II of the Netherlands as a Royal Academy, with the primary purpose of training civil servants for work in the Dutch East Indies. The school expanded its research and education curriculum over time, becoming a polytechnic school in 1864 and an institute of technology (making it a full-fledged ...
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List Of Solar Car Teams
This is a list of solar car racing teams. Australia Belgium Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Denmark France Germany Greece India Iran Italy Jordan Japan Indonesia Malaysia Morocco The Netherlands Pakistan Poland Puerto Rico Saudi Arabia South Africa Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Venezuela New Zealand See also World Solar Challenge North American Solar Challenge References {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Solar Car Teams * Solar car A solar car is a solar vehicle for use on public roads or race tracks. Solar vehicles are electric vehicles that use self-contained solar cells to power themselves fully or partially from sunlight. Solar vehicles typically contain a rechargeable ... Engineering education Solar car teams Solar * ...
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SolUTra
The Solutra is the first solar car designed by a group of students, the Raedthuys Solar Team, of the University of Twente. It participated in the 8th World Solar Challenge in 2005 and finished 9th place. Another Dutch team won the race with their car Nuna 3. This solar car is the current FIA world record holder on the 1 km with a flying start. This record has been set on August 28, 2005, at the Gronausestraat in Enschede, The Netherlands. Specifications See also * The Twente One TU car which succeeded the Solutra * The Nuna 4 another Dutch solar car that won the 2007 World Solar Challenge. * The main article about the Nuna series of Dutch solar cars. * List of solar car teams This is a list of solar car racing teams. Australia Belgium Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Denmark France Germany Greece India Iran Italy Jordan Japan Indonesia Malaysia Morocco The Netherlands Pakista ... External links SolUtra official page {{DEFAU ...
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Twente One
This list of prototype solar-powered cars comprises multiperson, relatively practical vehicles powered completely or significantly by solar cells (Solar panel, panels or Solar array, arrays, mounted on the vehicle) which convert Solar energy, sunlight into electricity to drive Traction motor, electric motors while the vehicle is in motion and have a homologation for public streets. Australia Sunswift V (eVe) The Sunswift V (aka "UNSW Sunswift#Sunswift V .28eVe.29 .282012 - current.29, eVe") from the University of New South Wales was built for the 2013 & 2015 World Solar Challenge. Solar Spirit 3 The "Solar Spirit 3" with 3 seats was built by Technical and further education, TAFE South Australia for the 2011 World Solar Challenge. Brazil e.coTech Solar version The "e.coTech" is a normal electric car developed by "HiTech Electric" and is sold only to small and medium-sized businesses. In 2017, the solar version of "e.coTech" was announced and presented to the public in ...
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Nuna
Nuna is the name of a series of manned solar powered race cars that have won the World Solar Challenge in Australia seven times: in 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2013, 2015 and 2017. The vehicles are built by students who are part of the "Brunel Solar Team" (formerly Nuon Solar Team and Vattenfall Solar Team) at the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, sponsored by Brunel (formerly N.V. Nuon Energy). Nuna Design criteria To have a good chance to win, the car has to: *collect as much solar energy as possible *use as little energy as possible to drive at a certain speed. This means special attention to: **the efficiency of transferring electrical energy to the wheels, and **minimizing friction, constituted by: ***air friction (air resistance), and *** rolling friction, which in turn is affected by the weight, among other things Solar cells The solar cells are made of gallium arsenide (GaAs) and consist of three layers. Sunlight that penetrates the upper layer is used i ...
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Adaptive Cruise Control
Adaptive cruise control (ACC) is an available cruise control Advanced driver-assistance systems, advanced driver-assistance system for road vehicles that automatically adjusts the vehicle speed to maintain a safe distance from vehicles ahead. As of 2019, it is also called by 20 unique names that describe that basic functionality. This is also known as Dynamic cruise control. Control is based on sensor information from sensors. Such systems may use a radar or lidar, laser sensor or a camera setup allowing the vehicle to brake when it detects the car is approaching another vehicle ahead, then accelerate when traffic allows it to. ACC technology is regarded as a key component of future generations of intelligent cars. The technology enhances passenger safety and convenience as well as increasing Traffic flow, road capacity by maintaining optimal separation between vehicles and reducing driver errors. Vehicles with autonomous cruise control are considered a Autonomous car#Levels of ...
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WiFi
Wi-Fi () is a family of wireless network protocols, based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, which are commonly used for local area networking of devices and Internet access, allowing nearby digital devices to exchange data by radio waves. These are the most widely used computer networks in the world, used globally in home and small office networks to link desktop and laptop computers, tablet computers, smartphones, smart TVs, printers, and smart speakers together and to a wireless router to connect them to the Internet, and in wireless access points in public places like coffee shops, hotels, libraries and airports to provide visitors with Internet access for their mobile devices. ''Wi-Fi'' is a trademark of the non-profit Wi-Fi Alliance, which restricts the use of the term ''Wi-Fi Certified'' to products that successfully complete interoperability certification testing. the Wi-Fi Alliance consisted of more than 800 companies from around the world. over 3.05 billion W ...
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Delft University
Delft University of Technology ( nl, Technische Universiteit Delft), also known as TU Delft, is the oldest and largest Dutch public technical university, located in Delft, Netherlands. As of 2022 it is ranked by QS World University Rankings among the top 10 engineering and technology universities in the world. In the fields of architecture and civil engineering, it was ranked 2nd in the world, after MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). With eight faculties and numerous research institutes, it has more than 26,000 students (undergraduate and postgraduate) and 6,000 employees (teaching, research, support and management staff). The university was established on 8 January 1842 by William II of the Netherlands as a Royal Academy, with the primary purpose of training civil servants for work in the Dutch East Indies. The school expanded its research and education curriculum over time, becoming a polytechnic school in 1864 and an institute of technology (making it a full-fledged ...
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Global Positioning System
The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Space Force. It is one of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) that provides geolocation and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. It does not require the user to transmit any data, and operates independently of any telephonic or Internet reception, though these technologies can enhance the usefulness of the GPS positioning information. It provides critical positioning capabilities to military, civil, and commercial users around the world. Although the United States government created, controls and maintains the GPS system, it is freely accessible to anyone with a GPS receiver. The GPS project was started by the U.S. Department of Defense in 1973. The first prototype spacecraft was lau ...
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Twaron
Twaron (a brand name of Teijin Aramid) is a para-aramid. It is a heat-resistant and strong synthetic fibre developed in the early 1970s by the Dutch company Akzo Nobel's division Enka BV, later Akzo Industrial Fibers. The research name of the para-aramid fibre was originally Fiber X, but it was soon called Arenka. Although the Dutch para-aramid fiber was developed only a little later than DuPont's Kevlar, the introduction of Twaron as a commercial product came much later than Kevlar due to financial problems at the AKZO company in the 1970s. History This is a chronology of the development of Twaron: * In 1960s a research program starts for "Fiber X." * In 1972 the ENKA Research laboratory develops a para-aramid called Arenka. * In 1973 Akzo decides to use sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as a solvent for spinning. * In 1974 New process route was found at Akzo Research laboratory, using N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) with a co-solvent (auxiliary solvent) with an ionic component (Calcium Chloride ( ...
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