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Nuclear Power In Spain
Spain has five active nuclear power plants with seven reactors producing 21% of the country's electricity as of 2013. A nuclear power moratorium was enacted by the Socialist government in 1983. For a time the country had a policy of phasing out nuclear power in favor of renewables. It ended in 1997 but no public or private company has been interested in building new nuclear plants. The oldest unit (at José Cabrera nuclear power plant) was shut down at the end of 2006, 40 years after its construction. In December 2012, the Garoña plant was also shut down. In 2011, the government lifted the 40-year limit on all reactors, allowing owners to apply for license extensions in 10-year increments. History In early 1947, the Commission was created within the National Research Council in order to rule on issues of "Technical Physics of greatest interest to the country". In the middle of that year, the Naval Attache of the United States Embassy in Spain, won the Laboratory and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electricity Production In Spain
Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations. Various common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others. The presence of an electric charge, which can be either positive or negative, produces an electric field. The movement of electric charges is an electric current and produces a magnetic field. When a charge is placed in a location with a non-zero electric field, a force will act on it. The magnitude of this force is given by Coulomb's law. If the charge moves, the electric field would be doing work on the electric charge. Thus we can speak of electric potential at a certain point in space, which is equal to the work done by an external agent in carrying a unit of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centrales Nucleares España
The Coscinodiscophyceae are a class of diatoms. They are similar to the Centrales, a traditional, paraphyletic subdivision of the heterokont algae known as diatoms. The order is named for the shape of the cell walls (or valves or frustules) of centric diatoms, which are circular or ellipsoid in valve view. The valves often bear radially symmetrical ornamental patterns that can appear as dots when viewed with an optical microscope. Some also bear spines on their valves, which may either increase cell surface area and reduce sinking, or act as a deterrent to zooplankton grazers. Unlike pennate diatoms, centric diatoms never have a raphe. In terms of cell cycle, vegetative cells are diploid and undergo mitosis during normal cell division. In sexual species, oogamous meiosis produces haploid gametes, either ova or sperm cells. These fuse to produce a zygote which expands in size to develop into an auxospore from which full-sized vegetative cells are produced. In some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saelices El Chico
Saelices el Chico is a municipality located in the province of Salamanca, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2016 the municipality has a population of 152 inhabitants. See also List of municipalities in Salamanca This is a list of the municipalities in the province of Salamanca in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. There are 362 municipalities in the province. See also *Geography of Spain * List of cities in Spain * Kingdom of León ... References Municipalities in the Province of Salamanca {{Salamanca-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Renewable Energy In Portugal
Renewable energy in Portugal was the source for 25.7% of total energy consumption in 2013. In 2014, 27% of Portugal's energy needs were supplied by renewable sources. In 2016, 28% of final energy consumption in Portugal came from renewable sources. Portugal aims to be climate neutral by 2050 and to cover 80% of its electricity consumption with renewables by 2030. In 2018, Portugal committed to close all of the country's coal producing facilities by 2030, making it almost completely reliant on renewable energy in the coming years. As of 2019, coal still provided 40% of Portugal's electricity needs. The last Portuguese coal power plant closed on 19 November 2021. Development In 2001, the Portuguese government launched a new energy policy instrument – the E4 Programme (Energy efficiency and Endogenous Energies), consisting of a set of multiple, diversified measures aimed at promoting a consistent, integrated approach to energy supply and demand. By promoting energy efficiency a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascó Nuclear Power Plant
Ascó Nuclear Power Plant ( ca, Central Nuclear d'Ascó, es, Central Nuclear de Ascó) is a nuclear power station located in Ascó, Catalonia, in Spain. It consists of two PWRs of 933 and 943 MWe. 2007 leak An INES level 2 incident occurred in November 2007 at the Unit 1 reactor. The Spanish Nuclear Safety Council (CSN) was not advised of the leak until April 4. Although the leak happened in November, particles were not detected outdoors until March 2008. CSN initially estimated that total radioactivity detected was about 235,000 becquerels. The council operating the plant later estimated that a maximum of 2.3 microcuries of radioactivity were spilled. CSN announced it was changing the classification of the leak from Level 1 to Level 2 because of "inadequate control of radioactive material and of providing incomplete and deficient information to the controlling body." An investigation was opened and the director of the plant was fired. See also *Nuclear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Nuclear Association
World Nuclear Association is the international organization that promotes nuclear power and supports the companies that comprise the global nuclear industry. Its members come from all parts of the nuclear fuel cycle, including uranium mining, uranium conversion, uranium enrichment, nuclear fuel fabrication, plant manufacture, transport, and the disposition of spent nuclear fuel, used nuclear fuel as well as electricity generation itself. Together, World Nuclear Association members are responsible for 70% of the world's nuclear power as well as the vast majority of world uranium, conversion and Enriched uranium, enrichment production. The Association says it aims to fulfill a dual role for its members: Facilitating their interaction on technical, commercial and policy matters and promoting wider public understanding of nuclear technology. It has a secretariat of around 30 staff. The Association was founded in 2001 on the basis of the Uranium Institute, itself founded in 1975. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclear Uprate
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Nuclear may refer to: Physics Relating to the nucleus of the atom: * Nuclear engineering *Nuclear physics *Nuclear power *Nuclear reactor *Nuclear weapon *Nuclear medicine *Radiation therapy *Nuclear warfare Mathematics *Nuclear space *Nuclear operator *Nuclear congruence *Nuclear C*-algebra Biology Relating to the nucleus of the cell: * Nuclear DNA Society * Nuclear family, a family consisting of a pair of adults and their children Music * "Nuclear" (band), group music. * "Nuclear" (Ryan Adams song), 2002 *"Nuclear", a song by Mike Oldfield from his ''Man on the Rocks'' album * ''Nu.Clear'' (EP) by South Korean girl group CLC See also *Nucleus (other) *Nucleolus * Nucleation * Nucleic acid *Nucular ''Nucular'' is a common, proscribed pronunciation of the word "nuclear". It is a rough phonetic spelling of . The ''Oxford English Dictionary''s entry dates the word's first published appearance to 1943. Dictionary notes This is one of two con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trillo Nuclear Power Plant
Trillo Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power station in Spain. It consists of one pressurized water reactor (PWR) of 1066 MWe. Construction of unit one began in 1979, and first criticality was on 14 May 1988. A planned second identical unit was cancelled soon after construction began following a change of government in 1983. See also *Nuclear power in Spain Spain has five active nuclear power plants with seven reactors producing 21% of the country's electricity as of 2013. A nuclear power moratorium was enacted by the Socialist government in 1983. For a time the country had a policy of phasing ... External links WISE News Communique archiveJuly 21, 1995: ''Spanish banks to assume nuclear debt''. Nuclear News Country Review: SPAIN (1994)at the INSC website. Unfinished nuclear reactors Nuclear power stations in Spain Nuclear power stations using pressurized water reactors Energy in Castilla–La Mancha {{nuclear-power-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Generation III Reactor
Generation III reactors, or Gen III reactors, are a class of nuclear reactors designed to succeed Generation II reactors, incorporating evolutionary improvements in design. These include improved fuel technology, higher thermal efficiency, significantly enhanced safety systems (including passive nuclear safety), and standardized designs intended to reduce maintenance and capital costs. They are promoted by the Generation IV International Forum (GIF). The first Generation III reactors to begin operation were Kashiwazaki 6 and 7 advanced boiling water reactors (ABWRs) in 1996 and 1997. Since 2012, both have been shut down due to security concerns. Due to the prolonged period of stagnation in the construction of new reactors and the continued (albeit declining) popularity of Generation II/II+ designs in new construction, relatively few third generation reactors have been built. Overview The older Gen II reactors comprise the vast majority of current nuclear reactors. Gen III re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vandellòs Nuclear Power Plant
The Vandellòs Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power plant in Vandellòs located close to the Coll de Balaguer pass (Baix Camp comarca) in Catalonia, Spain. Unit one was a 508 MWe carbon dioxide gas cooled reactor modeled on the UNGG reactor at the Saint Laurent Nuclear Power Plant in France. It was shut down on July 31, 1990, following an accident that damaged one of its two turbogenerators on 19 October 1989. Important nuclear safety functions in the plant were impaired by the fire, and the event was later classified as a level 3 event in the International Nuclear Event Scale. Unit two is a 1087 MWe PWR. The station's owners are: 72% Endesa and 28% Iberdrola. See also *Nuclear power in Spain References External links Nuclear Power Plants - Spainat the Nuclear Tourist website. NEA Profile - Spain INES International Nuclear Event Scale. Vandellos 1 NPP dismantling at the level 1(PDF Portable Document Format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format devel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
