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Notohippidae
Notohippidae is a paraphyly, paraphyletic extinct Family (biology), family of Notoungulata, notoungulate mammals from South America. Notohippids are known from the Eocene and Oligocene Epoch (reference date), epochs.McKenna, Malcolm C., and Bell, Susan K. 1997. ''Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level.'' Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp. Description Although the name notohippids means "southern horses," these animals did not look like horses. The name refers to the teeth very similar to those of horses, with sharp incisors and high-crowned molars suitable for shredding grass. The shape of the skull and particularly the dentition is the result of convergent evolution with the equids, perissodactyl mammals that developed on the northern continents. The body of notohippids was rather stocky, supported by relatively elongated legs equipped with claws (and not hooves). The earliest forms of notohippids possessed low-crowned molars, but in the course of evoluti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moqueguahippus
''Moqueguahippus'' is an extinct genus of Notohippidae, notohippid Notoungulata, notoungulates that lived during the Oligocene, Late Oligocene of what is now Peru. Fossils of this genus have been found in the Moquegua Formation of Peru, which it was named after. Etymology The genus name, ''Moqueguahippus'', refers to the Moquegua Formation where it was discovered, and -hippus meaning "horse", an epithet used to describe most notohippids. The specific name, ''glycisma'', is derived from the Greek language, Greek word ''Glykisma'', meaning "cake", in reference to the type locality, Pan de Azucar, meaning "Sugarloaf Mountain". Description ''Moqueguahippus'' is a relatively large notohippid. Its skull was rather massive and had a short muzzle. The dentition was complete and continuous, lacking a diastema, and the premolars and molars were high-crowned (hypsodont), like in its relative ''Rhynchippus''. The premolars had a well developed cingulum, while the molars were elongated. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurygenium
''Eurygenium'' is an extinct genus of notoungulate belonging to the family Notohippidae. It lived during the Late Oligocene in what is today South America. Description It was a medium-sized mammal ; the best known species, ''Eurygenium pacegnum'', was approximately 80 centimeters long and weighed 10 kilograms. Its body was relatively compact, with more robust legs than its relatives, such as '' Rhynchippus''; unlike the latter, however, ''Eurygenium'' had tetradactyls forelegs and a third trochanter near the femoral midline. The skull of ''Eurygenium'' was characterized by a short and broad muzzle, with strong and laterally expanded zygomatic arches. The dentition was devoid of diastema. As in all Notohippidae, premolars and molars had a very high crown (hypsodont). The upper premolars lacked an anterolingual cingulum, while the posterolingual cingulum was reduced. The lower incisors cingulum was reduced or absent, while the lower premolars and molars had a dimple at the trigon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rosendo Pascuali
''Rosendo'' is an extinct genus of notohippid notoungulates that lived during the Early Oligocene in what is now Argentina and Chile. Fossils of this genus have been found in the Sarmiento Formation and the Abanico Formations of Argentina and Chile. Description ''Rosendo'' was approximately the size of a goat, albeit with a more robust build. It had a heavy and sturdy skull, with a relatively short muzzle. The dentition was characterized by high-crowned (hypsodont) incisors, posterior premolars and molars. The teeth didn't have cementum. The upper incisors were slightly protruding forward. The third upper incisor was wider than the other two, while the fourth premolar was more molariform than the other premolars, but devoid of a distinct hypocone. The upper molars had hypocones, with a variable but generally deep fissure separating them from the protocones. The fissure was blocked by the medial projection of a hooked structure. Apart from the permanent major fossa, the other fos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argyrohippus
''Argyrohippus'' is an extinct genus of notoungulate, belonging to the family Notohippidae. It lived from the Late Oligocene to the Early Miocene, and its fossilized remains were found in South America. Description This animal was probably vaguely similar in build and size to a goat. It is mostly known from remains of its dentition, which was very specialized : the dentition was complete and continuous (without diastema), but the premolars and molars were hypsodonts. The canines were small. The premolars had a very developed cingulum, while the molars were quite elongated. The shape of the premolars and molar was very reminiscent of those of Equidae. Its most peculiar distinctive characteristics were the cup-shaped internal cingula and the lack of singula on the premolars, and a thick layer of cementum. Classification The genus ''Argyrohippus'' (whose name means "Argentine horse") was first described in 1902 by Florentino Ameghino, based on fossil remains found in Early Mio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morphippus
''Morphippus'' is an extinct genus of notohippid notoungulate that lived during the Middle to Late Oligocene in what is now South America. Description This animal, only known from fragmentary remains, was approximately the size of a goat. Its skull was rather massive and had a short muzzle. The dentition was complete and continuous (without diastema), and the premolars and molars were high-crowned (hypsodont), like in its relative ''Rhynchippus''. The premolars had a well developed cingulum, while the molars were elongated. The shape of the premolars and molars was reminiscent to those of Equidae. ''Morphippus'', like its relatives, may have had a robust body with slender limbs. Classification The genus ''Morphippus'' was first described in 1897 by Florentino Ameghino, based on fossils found in Late Oligocene terrains from Argentine Patagonia ; the type species is ''Morphippus imbricatus''. Numerous other species have been attributed to the genus, such as ''M. complicatus' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teushentherium
''Teushentherium'' is an extinct genus of notohippid notoungulate from the Oligocene of Argentina. Fossils have been found in the Sarmiento Formation of Argentina. Etymology The genus name, ''Teushentherium'', is derived from ''Teushen'', one of the Chonan languages of the Tehuelche, and ''therion'', which is greek for "beast". The specific name refers to Camarones, a typical coastal town of Chubut Province near the Barrancas Blancas locality. Description This animal, only known from fragmentary remains, was approximately the size of a goat. Its skull was rather massive and had a short muzzle. The dentition was complete and continuous (without diastema), and the premolars and molars were high-crowned (hypsodont), like in its relative ''Rhynchippus''. The premolars had a well developed cingulum, while the molars were elongated. The shape of the premolars and molars was reminiscent to those of equids. ''Teushentherium'', like its relatives, may have had a robust body with slen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mendozahippus
''Mendozahippus'' is an extinct genus of notohippid notoungulate which existed in Mendoza, Argentina, during the late Oligocene. Fossils are known from the site of Quebrada Fiera of the Agua de la Piedra Formation and includes a complete skull and two associated metatarsals, two maxilla The maxilla (plural: ''maxillae'' ) in vertebrates is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. T ...ry fragments and five isolated upper teeth. It was first named by Esperanza Cerdeño and Bárbara Vera in 2010 and the type species is ''Mendozahippus fierensis''. References Toxodonts Oligocene mammals of South America Deseadan Paleogene Argentina Fossils of Argentina Fossil taxa described in 2010 Prehistoric placental genera {{paleo-mammal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Notoungulata
Notoungulata is an extinct order of mammalian ungulates that inhabited South America from the early Paleocene to the Holocene, living from approximately 61 million to 11,000 years ago. Notoungulates were morphologically diverse, with forms resembling animals as disparate as rabbits and rhinoceroses. Notoungulata are the largest group of South American native ungulates, with over 150 genera in 14 families having been described, divided into two major subgroupings, Typotheria and Toxodontia. Notoungulates first diversified during the Eocene. Their diversity declined during the Late Neogene, with only the large toxodontids persisting until the end of the Pleistocene. Collagen analysis suggests that notoungulates are closely related to litopterns, another group of South American ungulates, and their closest living relatives being perissodactyls (odd-toed ungulates), including rhinoceroses, tapirs and equines. but their relationships to other South American ungulates are uncertain. Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eomorphippus
''Eomorphippus'' is an extinct genus of notohippid notoungulate that lived from the Late Eocene to the Early Oligocene in what is today South America. Description This animal was approximately the size of a goat, with a build probably more robust. It had a heavy and sturdy skull, with a relatively short muzzle. The dentition was characterized by high-crowned (hypsodont) incisors, posterior premolars and molars. The teeth didn't have cementum. The upper incisors were slightly protruding forward. The third upper incisor was wider than the other two, while the fourth premolar was more molariform than the other premolars, but devoid of a distinct hypocone. The upper molars had hypocones, with a variable but generally deep fissure separating them from the protocones. The fissure was blocked by the medial projection of a hooked structure. Apart from the permanent major fossa, the other fossae are erased with wear. Classification The genus ''Eomorphippus'' was first described in 190 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florentino Ameghino
Florentino Ameghino (born Giovanni Battista Fiorino Giuseppe Ameghino September 19, 1853 – August 6, 1911) was an Argentine naturalist, paleontologist, anthropologist and zoologist, whose fossil discoveries on the Argentine Pampas, especially on Patagonia, rank with those made in the western United States during the late 19th century. Along with his two brothers –Carlos and Juan– Florentino Ameghino was one of the most important founding figures in South American paleontology. From 1887 until his death, Ameghino was passionately devoted to the study of fossil mammals from Patagonia, with the valuable support of his brother Carlos Ameghino (1865–1936) who, between 1887 and 1902, made 14 trips to that region, where he discovered and collected numerous fossil faunas and made important stratigraphic observations which helped to support his journal Ameghiniana. Biography Ameghino was born on September 19, 1853 in Tessi, an hamlet of Moneglia, a municipality of Liguria in Ita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extinct
Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly "reappears" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence. More than 99% of all species that ever lived on Earth, amounting to over five billion species, are estimated to have died out. It is estimated that there are currently around 8.7 million species of eukaryote globally, and possibly many times more if microorganisms, like bacteria, are included. Notable extinct animal species include non-avian dinosaurs, saber-toothed cats, dodos, m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family ( la, familia, plural ') is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. There are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomists often take different positions about descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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