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Norway–Russia Border
The border between Norway and Russia ( no, Russergrensen / Russergrensa, russian: Российско-норвежская граница, ''Rossiysko-Norvezhskaya Granitsa'') consists of a land border between Sør-Varanger, Norway, and Pechengsky District, Russia, and a marine border in the Varangerfjord. It further consists of a border between the two countries' exclusive economic zones (EEZ) in the Barents Sea and the Arctic Ocean. Between 1944 and 1991 the border was between Norway and the Soviet Union. There is a single border crossing, on E105, located at Storskog in Norway and Borisoglebsky (Boris Gleb) in Russia. The Norwegian side is patrolled by the Garrison of Sør-Varanger and is under the jurisdiction of the Norwegian Border Commissioner, while the Russian side is patrolled by the Border Guard Service of Russia. Two-thirds of the border follows two rivers, the Pasvikelva and Jakobselva. The border was defined as a march in a treaty in 1326 and separated w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Novgorod (1326)
Treaty of Novgorod, signed on 3 June 1326 in Novgorod, marked the end of decades of the Norwegian- Novgorodian border skirmishes in the far-northern region called Finnmark. The terms were an armistice for 10 years. A few years earlier in 1323, Republic of Novgorod had settled its conflict with Sweden in the Treaty of Nöteborg. The treaty did not delineate the border but rather stipulated which part of the Sami people would pay tribute to Norway and which to Novgorod, creating a kind of buffer zone in between the countries. The treaty remained in effect until the 19th century and was never abrogated by any of the powers. It eventually led into a situation where Sami people were freely exploited, some of them forced to pay taxes to all surrounding powers at the same time, including to the Birkarls from Swedish Finland.For Latin and Russian texts of the treaty, see S. N. Valk, ed., ''Gramoty Velikogo Novgoroda i Pskova'' (Moscow and Leningrad: AN SSSR, 1949), pp. 69-79. Reference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Route E105
E105 is part of the International E-road network, which is a series of main roads in Europe. It is a north–south reference road, meaning it crosses Europe from north to south and other E-road numbers have been calculated based on these reference roads. Description E105 starts from Hesseng, (just south of Kirkenes), Norway and runs along Russia's , , : Ukraine's , , and to Yalta, Crimea (Russian-occupied territory of Ukraine). Russians call this the Crimea Highway (Крымское шоссе), and de facto officially marked Republic of Crimea section as 35А-002. Route *Kirkenes () *: border with Norway - Pechenga - Murmansk - Petrozavodsk - Saint Petersburg * (or ): Saint Petersburg - Veliky Novgorod - Tver - Moscow *: within Moscow *: Moscow - Tula - Oryol - Kursk - Belgorod - border with Ukraine *: border with Russia - Kharkiv () *: Kharkiv - Hubynykha - Zaporizhia - Melitopol (disputed between /) *35A-002/: Dzhankoy () - Simferopol - Alushta - Yalta Gall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cold War
The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two superpowers, but they each supported major regional conflicts known as proxy wars. The conflict was based around the ideological and geopolitical struggle for global influence by these two superpowers, following their temporary alliance and victory against Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan in 1945. Aside from the nuclear arsenal development and conventional military deployment, the struggle for dominance was expressed via indirect means such as psychological warfare, propaganda campaigns, espionage, far-reaching embargoes, rivalry at sports events, and technological competitions such as the Space Race. The Western Bloc was led by the United States as well as a number of othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finland–Norway Border
The border between Norway and Finland is long. It is a land and river border between two tripoints. The western tripoint is marked by Treriksröset, a concrete cairn where both countries border Sweden. The eastern tripoint is marked by Treriksrøysa, a stone cairn where both countries border Russia. The border was defined in a treaty from 1751, but was then a part of the border between the Kingdom of Sweden, ruling Finland, and Denmark-Norway. In the period 1738-1751 there were field investigations and negotiations on the border, although the Finnish part needed less negotiation. Cairns were erected after that with the last one at Nesseby in 1766. After Finland became the Grand Duchy of Finland, a Grand Duchy of the Russian Empire, and the independent Kingdom of Norway was evoked into but in personal union with Sweden under the Swedish King, a treaty was again negotiated in 1816 with Russia. Defining the easternmost part of the borderzone. Between 1920 and 1944, the Pets ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petsamo Province
The Province of Petsamo ( fi, Petsamon lääni, sv, Petsamo län) was a Finnish panhandle and province from 1921 to 1922, when it was merged into the Province of Oulu. This panhandle used to give Finland access to the Arctic Ocean, until it was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1944. In 1921, Soviet Russia was forced to cede the area of Pechenga to Finland in exchange for the return of Repola and Porajärvi to Soviet Russia, following Finnish independence and military expansion into neighboring Russian territory and the Treaty of Tartu. In 1922, it was merged with the province of Oulu. In 1938, Lapland was separated from the province of Oulu and the area of Petsamo became part of the new province of Lapland. In the Winter War of 1939-1940 the Soviet Union occupied Petsamo, but left the area back to Finland after the Moscow peace agreement of 1940 (Viipuri was ceded to the Soviet Union). In 1944, the whole of the former province of Petsamo was ceded to the Soviet Union as pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sami People
Acronyms * SAMI, ''Synchronized Accessible Media Interchange'', a closed-captioning format developed by Microsoft * Saudi Arabian Military Industries, a government-owned defence company * South African Malaria Initiative, a virtual expertise network of malaria researchers People * Samee, also spelled Sami, a male given name * Sami (name), including lists of people with the given name or surname * Sámi people, indigenous people of the Scandinavian Peninsula, the Kola Peninsula, Karelia and Finland ** Sámi cuisine ** Sámi languages, of the Sami people ** Sámi shamanism, a faith of the Sami people Places * Sápmi, a cultural region in Northern Europe * Sami (ancient city), in Elis, Greece * Sami Bay, east of Sami, Cephalonia * Sami District, Gambia * Sami, Burkina Faso, a district of the Banwa Province * Sami, Cephalonia, a municipality in Greece * Sami, Gujarat, a town in Patan district of Gujarat, India * Sami, Paletwa, a town in Chin State, Myanmar * Sämi, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March (territory)
In medieval Europe, a march or mark was, in broad terms, any kind of borderland, as opposed to a national "heartland". More specifically, a march was a border between realms or a neutral buffer zone under joint control of two states in which different laws might apply. In both of these senses, marches served a political purpose, such as providing warning of military incursions or regulating cross-border trade. Marches gave rise to titles such as marquess (masculine) or marchioness (feminine) in England, ''marqués'' (masculine) and ''marquesa'' (feminine) in Spanish-speaker countries, as well as in the Catalan and Galician regions, ''marquês'' (masculine) and ''marquesa'' (feminine) in Portuguese-speaker countries, ''markesa'' (both masculine and feminine) in Euskadi, ''marquis'' (masculine) or ''marquise'' (feminine) in France and Scotland, margrave (german: Markgraf, lit=march count; masculine) or margravine (, feminine) in Germany, and corresponding titles in other Europ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jakobselva (Sør-Varanger)
The Jakobselva or Grense Jakobselv ( en, Jacob's River, russian: Ворьема, ''Vor'yema'', fi, Vuoremijoki, sme, Vuorján) is a river that runs along the Russia-Norway border. The river runs along the border of Sør-Varanger Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway, and Pechengsky District in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. The river discharges into the Varangerfjorden, a bay off the Barents Sea. This river is known as a superb salmon fishing river, but where the river forms the border only Norwegian citizens and long-term residents of Norway are permitted to fish, and then only on the Norwegian side of the river (fishing license needed). The Russian side is normally not accessible, (in Russian) something which is a general rule for all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pasvikelva
The Paatsjoki River ( fi, Paatsjoki, sms, Paaččjokk, sme, Báhčaveaijohka, no, Pasvikelva, sv, Pasvik älv, russian: Паз or Патсойоки, ''Paz or Patsoyoki'') is a river that flows through Finland, Norway, and Russia. Since 1826, the river has marked parts of the Norway–Russia border, except from 1920 to 1944 when it was along the Finland–Norway border. The river is the outlet from the large Lake Inari in Finland and flows through Norway and Russia to discharge into the Bøkfjorden (which later flows into the Varangerfjorden and then the Barents Sea), not far from the town of Kirkenes. The river has a watershed of , and is long. A series of hydroelectric Hydroelectricity, or hydroelectric power, is electricity generated from hydropower (water power). Hydropower supplies one sixth of the world's electricity, almost 4500 TWh in 2020, which is more than all other renewable sources combined an ... stations, known as the Paatsjoki River Hydroelectr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Border Guard Service Of Russia
The Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (PS FSB Rossii) (russian: Пограничная служба Федеральной службы безопасности Российской Федерации (ПС ФСБ России)) is a branch of Federal Security Service of Russia tasked with patrol of the Russian border. The terms Border Service of Russia (russian: Пограничная служба России) and Border Force of Russia (russian: Пограничные войска России) are also common, while in English, the terms "Border Guards" and "Border Troops" are frequently used to designate this service. The Border service numbers around 170,000 active members, which includes the Russian maritime border guard units (i.e., the coast guard). History Tsarist and Imperial Russia One can trace the origin of the Russian border service to 1571 and the work of Prince Mikhail Vorotynsky (died 1573) and his Great Abatis Bord ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norwegian Border Commissioner
The Norwegian Border Commissioner of the Norwegian-Russian border ('' no, Grensekommissariatet for den norsk-russiske grense'') is a Norwegian government agency subordinate the Ministry of Justice and Public Security that is headed by the National Police Directorate. The agency's main task is to ensure that the Border Agreement of 1949 between Norway and the then Soviet Union (now Russia), with subsequent regulations, laws and codes of conduct and traffic in the border area are complied with. , official website The Norwegian Border Commissioner was created in December 1950 and is heade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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