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North-South Carrier
The North-South Carrier (NSC) is a pipeline in Botswana that carries raw water south for a distance of to the capital city of Gaborone. Phase 1 was completed in 2000. Phase 2 of the NSC, under construction, will duplicate the pipeline to carry water from the Dikgatlhong Dam, which was completed in 2012. A proposed extension to deliver water from the Zambezi would add another to the total pipeline length. The NSC is the largest engineering project ever undertaken in Botswana. Climate Botswana has an arid climate, with little in the way of surface water supplies. Until recently, groundwater wells were used to meet about 80% of demand for water. Some of the groundwater accumulated long ago when the climate was wetter. "Groundwater mining" is not sustainable in areas where the water is not being renewed from the surface. The more populous eastern portion of Botswana lies in the Limpopo River basin, which is considered "closed". In the South African portion of the basin, water usa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botswana
Botswana (, ), officially the Republic of Botswana ( tn, Lefatshe la Botswana, label=Setswana, ), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 percent of its territory being the Kalahari Desert. It is bordered by South Africa to the south and southeast, Namibia to the west and north, and Zimbabwe to the northeast. It is connected to Zambia across the short Zambezi River border by the Kazungula Bridge. A country of slightly over 2.3 million people, Botswana is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. About 11.6 percent of the population lives in the capital and largest city, Gaborone. Formerly one of the world's poorest countries—with a GDP per capita of about US$70 per year in the late 1960s—it has since transformed itself into an upper-middle-income country, with one of the world's fastest-growing economies. Modern-day humans first inhabited the country over 200,000 years ago. The Tswana ethnic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morupule Colliery
The Morupule Colliery is a coal mine located in Palapye, Botswana, owned and operated by Debswana, a partnership between the government of Botswana and De Beers. The coalfield is composed of four main seams, only one of which, the No. 1 Seam, is currently being mined, using bord and pillar mining methods methods. Founded in 1971 to supply the Bamangwato Concessions Ltd copper and nickel mine, operations have expanded considerably since then to supply regional power plants and industries, especially the nearby Morupule Power Station. Morupule was granted an extension to its mining lease in 1980. Expansion A small wash plant, with a production capability of 120 tonnes per hour, was commissioned in January 2008 to supply a higher quality coal to local and regional consumers. This project was supported by the Botswana government as a means of stimulating the local economy, producing a less polluting form of coal than the run-of-mine coal, and to provide an alternative to the unsust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalamare
Kalamare is a village in Central District of Botswana. It is located 35 km north-west of Mahalapye Mahalapye is a town located in the Central District of Botswana. The town has about 41,000 inhabitants and is situated along the main road between the capital Gaborone and the second largest city Francistown. Mahalapye has a bus station, a rail .... The village has primary called Kalamare Primary School and Kalamare Junior Secondary School and a health clinic. The population was 2,241 in 2001 census. References Populated places in Central District (Botswana) Villages in Botswana {{botswana-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serowe
Serowe (population approximately 60,000) is an urban village in Botswana's Central District. A trade and commercial centre, it is Botswana's third largest village. Serowe has played an important role in Botswana's history, as capital for the Bamangwato people in the early 20th century and as birthplace of several of Botswana's presidents. More recently it has undergone significant development as the town and as Botswana continues to grow. History Serowe has a memorial to Khama III, chief of the Bamangwato people in the late 19th-early 20th century, who in 1903 founded the town as a new capital of the Bamangwato. It is also the birthplace of Seretse Khama, Botswana's first president, and the traditional center of the Bamangwato tribe. Swaneng Hill School was the first of the Brigades Movement schools founded by educationalist Patrick van Rensburg. Geography Serowe is located in a fertile area, well-watered by the Lotsane River. It lies west of the Gaborone–Francistown road, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moropule
The Morupule Colliery is a coal mine located in Palapye, Botswana, owned and operated by Debswana, a partnership between the government of Botswana and De Beers. The coalfield is composed of four main seams, only one of which, the No. 1 Seam, is currently being mined, using bord and pillar mining methods methods. Founded in 1971 to supply the Bamangwato Concessions Ltd copper and nickel mine, operations have expanded considerably since then to supply regional power plants and industries, especially the nearby Morupule Power Station. Morupule was granted an extension to its mining lease in 1980. Expansion A small wash plant, with a production capability of 120 tonnes per hour, was commissioned in January 2008 to supply a higher quality coal to local and regional consumers. This project was supported by the Botswana government as a means of stimulating the local economy, producing a less polluting form of coal than the run-of-mine coal, and to provide an alternative to the unsus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serorome Valley
The Serorome River is a river in the Central District of Botswana, a tributary of the Limpopo River. Geology At one time the western Kalahari Region was a large, shallow inland lake, draining into the Limpopo through the Serorome Valley. Later geological upheavals re-oriented the rivers in the region to mainly flow northeast into the Zambezi. The Serorome valley is the exception, still leading to the Limpopo via a rift fault. Climate Today the river flows through relatively flat, semi-arid country with savannah grasslands, shrubs and trees. The river flows occasionally in the rainy season, which lasts from November to April, and for the remainder of the year it is dry. It flows below its confluence with the Bonwapitse River due to run off in the Bonwapitse catchment. David Livingstone visited the region in 1857, and described the Serorome as "... a lovely spot in the otherwise dry region. The wells from which we had to lift out water for our cattle are deep, but they were we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moralane
Moralane is a key site on the North-South Carrier (NSC), in Botswana, the main pipeline delivering raw water from the northeast to the Mmamashia water treatment plant just north of Gaborone. Phase 1 of the NSC opened in 2000, delivering water from the Letsibogo Dam on the Motloutse River. A reinforced concrete break pressure tank (BPT1) and a pumping station (PS2.1) were installed at Moralane in this phase. The break pressure tank has capacity of and the pumping station has a capacity of per second. Phase 2 of the NSC is due to start delivering water from the Dikgatlhong Dam on the Shashe River in 2014. The new pipeline from the Dikgatlhong Dam runs parallel to the existing pipeline along the section from the Letsibogo Dam to Moralane, causing concerns that blasting for the new pipeline may cause problems with the existing pipeline. The pumping equipment at Moralane will be upgraded by introduction of a variable speed drive. Initially, the water from both dams will be deliv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mmamashia
Mmamashia is a location in Botswana about north of the capital city of Gaborone that is the site of the Mmamashia water treatment plant and master balancing reservoir. Waterworks The reservoir and plant are operated and maintained by the Water Utilities Corporation. The original source of supply was the Bokaa Dam, directly to the north. Implementation of the North-South Carrier water project in 2000 brought raw water to the plant from the Letsibogo Dam on the Motloutse River, much further north. After treatment the water is distributed to consumers in the Gaborone area. The reservoir is built of reinforced concrete, and has a capacity of . The reservoir is closed to minimize loss through evaporation. As of 2003 the plant had capacity of per day. That year there was a shortage of water from the Letsibogo Dam, planned to be the primary supply. Instead, the plant was using water from the Gaborone Dam and water imported from South Africa. Phase 2 of the North-South Carrier Wat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impact assessment (EIA) is the assessment of the environmental consequences of a plan, policy, program, or actual projects prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action. In this context, the term "environmental impact assessment" is usually used when applied to actual projects by individuals or companies and the term " strategic environmental assessment" (SEA) applies to policies, plans and programmes most often proposed by organs of state. It is a tool of environmental management forming a part of project approval and decision-making. Environmental assessments may be governed by rules of administrative procedure regarding public participation and documentation of decision making, and may be subject to judicial review. The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision makers consider the environmental impacts when deciding whether or not to proceed with a project. The International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) defines an enviro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Motloutse River
The Motloutse River is a river in Botswana, a tributary of the Limpopo River. The catchment area is . The Letsibogo Dam on the Motloutse has been built to serve the industrial town of Selebi-Phikwe and surrounding local areas, with potential for use in irrigation. Ecology A field survey of the region in January 1989, before the dam was built, recorded 120 species of birds, mostly small insectivores. A relatively large number of water birds were found due to the presence of permanent pools on the Motloutse river downstream from its confluence with the Letlhakane river. The species of bird were generally typical for the region. Before the dam was built, five or more pioneer fish species would migrate upstream from the Limpopo River into the Motloutse River during floods. The Letsibogo dam was expected to support a permanent fish population similar to that of the Shashe Dam. Water resource Mean annual precipitation is , while mean annual potential evapotranspiration is . Due to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norwegian Agency For Development Cooperation
The Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad) is a directorate under the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In matters regarding Norway's International Climate and Forest Initiative (NICFI), Norad reports to the Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment. Norad's functions are laid down in the agency's terms of references and annual letters of allocation issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Climate and Environment. Norad works to ensure effective foreign aid, with quality assurance and evaluation. Norad finances NGOs and does its own research and projects. The current director general is Bård Vegar Solhjell. Norad used to be the official development assistance organization in Norway. As of mid-2004, the responsibility for state-to-state official development assistance has been transferred to the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, while Norad continues to fund NGO activities in developing countries, contributes to the management of d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shashe River
The Shashe River (or Shashi River) is a major left-bank tributary of the Limpopo River in Zimbabwe. It rises northwest of Francistown, Botswana and flows into the Limpopo River where Botswana, Zimbabwe and South Africa meet. The confluence is at the site of the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area. Hydrology The Shashe River is a highly river, with flow generally restricted to a few days of the year. The river contributes 12.2% of the mean annual |
