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Nitre And Mining Bureau
The Confederate Nitre and Mining Bureau was a civilian government bureau to provide the Confederate States of America with needed materials such as copper, iron, lead, saltpeter, sulfur, zinc, and other metals. The Bureau oversaw civilian contracts and offered advice, instruction and guidance in the production of these materials. The Nitre and Mining Bureau was also known as the "CSNMB", the "Bureau of Nitre" or the "Nitre Bureau". The Niter and Mining Corps was the military division of the Bureau. The Nitre and Mining Bureau was part of the Confederate Ordnance Department, under the supervision of General Josiah Gorgas. The Nitre and Mining Bureau was supervised by General Isaac M. St. John. The Central Ordinance Laboratory was headed by John Mallet. Personnel The Act establishing the Nitre and Mining Bureau by the Confederate Congress stated: "That said bureau shall consist of one lieutenant colonel as superintendent, three majors as assistant superintendents, six captains and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confederate States Of America
The Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly referred to as the Confederate States or the Confederacy was an unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United States that existed from February 8, 1861, to May 9, 1865. The Confederacy comprised U.S. states that declared secession and warred against the United States during the American Civil War: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina. Kentucky and Missouri also declared secession and had full representation in the Confederate Congress, though their territory was largely controlled by Union forces. The Confederacy was formed on February 8, 1861, by seven slave states: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. All seven were in the Deep South region of the United States, whose economy was heavily dependent upon agriculture—particularly cotton—and a plantation system that relied upon enslaved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morrell Cave
Morrell is a surname, and may refer to: * Andy Morrell (born 1974), English footballer * Arthur Fleming Morrell (1788-1880), English naval captain and explorer * Arthur R.H. Morrell (1878–1968), a Deputy Master of Trinity House * Benjamin Morrell (c. 1795–1838 or 1839?), American sealing captain and explorer * Bill Morrell (1893-1975), American Major League Baseball pitcher * Cynthia Hedge-Morrell (born 1947), American educator and politician, wife of Arthur Morrell * Cyril Morrell, English rugby league footballer of the 1930s * Daniel Johnson Morrell (1821-1885), American politician * David Morrell (born 1943), Canadian novelist * Dawn Morrell (born 1949), American politician * Digby Morrell (born 1979), former Australian rules footballer * Douglas Wellesley Morrell (1917-1996), British electrical engineer * Edith Alice Morrell, possible victim of suspected serial killer John Bodkin Adams * Edward Morrell (1868–1946), American Old West train robbery accomplice and pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Units And Formations Of The Confederate States Army
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct military uniform. It may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of the military is usually defined as defence of the state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms ''armed forces'' and ''military'' are often treated as synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. There are various forms of irregular military forces, not belonging to a recognized state; though they share many attributes with regular military forces, they are less often referred to as simply ''military''. A nation's military may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Mining In The United States
Mining in the United States has been active since the beginning of colonial times, but became a major industry in the 19th century with a number of new mineral discoveries causing a series of mining rushes. In 2015, the value of coal, metals, and industrial minerals mined in the United States was US $109.6 billion. 158,000 workers were directly employed by the mining industry.US Geological SurveyMineral Commodity Summaries 2016. The mining industry has a number of impacts on communities, individuals and the environment. Mine safety incidents have been important parts of American occupational safety and health history. Mining has a number of environmental impacts. In the United States, issues like mountaintop removal, and acid mine drainage have widespread impacts on all parts of the environment. As of January 2020. the EPA lists 142 mines in the Superfund program. In 2019, the country was the 4th world producer of gold; 5th largest world producer of copper; 5th worldwide producer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gunpowder
Gunpowder, also commonly known as black powder to distinguish it from modern smokeless powder, is the earliest known chemical explosive. It consists of a mixture of sulfur, carbon (in the form of charcoal) and potassium nitrate (saltpeter). The sulfur and carbon act as fuels while the saltpeter is an oxidizer. Gunpowder has been widely used as a propellant in firearms, artillery, rocketry, and pyrotechnics, including use as a blasting agent for explosives in quarrying, mining, building pipelines and road building. Gunpowder is classified as a low explosive because of its relatively slow decomposition rate and consequently low brisance. Low explosives deflagrate (i.e., burn at subsonic speeds), whereas high explosives detonate, producing a supersonic shockwave. Ignition of gunpowder packed behind a projectile generates enough pressure to force the shot from the muzzle at high speed, but usually not enough force to rupture the gun barrel. It thus makes a good propellan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1862 Establishments In The Confederate States Of America
Year 186 ( CLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aurelius and Glabrio (or, less frequently, year 939 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 186 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Peasants in Gaul stage an anti-tax uprising under Maternus. * Roman governor Pertinax escapes an assassination attempt, by British usurpers. New Zealand * The Hatepe volcanic eruption extends Lake Taupō and makes skies red across the world. However, recent radiocarbon dating by R. Sparks has put the date at 233 AD ± 13 (95% confidence). Births * Ma Liang, Chinese official of the Shu Han state (d. 222) Deaths * April 21 – Apollonius the Apologist, Christian martyr * Bian Zhang, Chinese official and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confederate Secret Service
The Confederate Secret Service refers to any of a number of official and semi-official secret service organizations and operations conducted by the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. Some of the organizations were under the direction of the Confederate government, others operated independently with government approval, while still others were either completely independent of the government or operated with only its tacit acknowledgment. By 1864, the Confederate government was attempting to gain control over the various operations that had sprung up since the beginning of the war, but often with little success. Secret legislation was put before the Confederate Congress to create an official Special and Secret Bureau of the War Department. The legislation was not enacted until March 1865 and was never implemented; however, a number of groups and operations have historically been referred to as having been part of the Confederate Secret Service. In April 1865 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wytheville Raid
The Wytheville Raid or Toland's Raid (July 18, 1863) was an attack by an undersized Union brigade on a Confederate town during the American Civil War. Union Colonel John Toland led a brigade of over 800 men against a Confederate force of about 130 soldiers and 120 civilians. The location of Wytheville, the county seat of Wythe County in southwestern Virginia, had strategic importance because of a nearby lead mine and the railroad that served it. This mine supplied lead for about one third of the Confederate Army's munitions, while the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad transported Confederate troops and supplies; plus telegraph wires along the railroad line were vital for communications. In addition to logistics of moving the lead to bullet manufacturing facilities, this rail line also connected an important salt works of an adjacent county with the wider Confederacy. Toland's entire brigade was mounted, and consisted of a mounted infantry regiment plus eight companies of cavalry. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silver Hill, North Carolina
Silver Hill is an populated place in Davidson County, North Carolina, United States. History Since the discovery in 1838 of silver, lead and zinc, these metals were mined at the Washington mine within the area in Davidson County. It was one of the only silver mines in North Carolina. The company that owned the mine was known as the "Washington Mining Company" and then the "Silver Hill Mining Company"; it was largely controlled by a group of New York investors who also controlled the company town where workers and their families lived. During the American Civil War, lead from the mine was used to manufacture Confederate Confederacy or confederate may refer to: States or communities * Confederate state or confederation, a union of sovereign groups or communities * Confederate States of America, a confederation of secessionist American states that existed between 1 ... bullets.Robert J "Bob" Schabilion, ''Down the Crabtree,'' (AuthorHouse, 2009), pg. 99 The historic Beck's Refor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confederate Powderworks
The Confederate Powderworks (a.k.a. the Augusta Powderworks) was a gunpowder factory during the American Civil War, the only permanent structures completed by the Confederate States of America.Bragg, C. L. (2001) "The Augusta powder works: The Confederacy's manufacturing triumph", ''American Rifleman'' 149(5), pp 58. Colonel George Washington Rains chose the old United States Arsenal site between the Canal and Savannah River in Augusta, Georgia, as a secure inland location with good rail and water connections. History Rains graduated from West Point with the class of 1842 and served as a chemistry teacher for the Military Academy. He had resigned to become president of an iron works in Newburgh, New York. At the start of the Civil War he chose allegiance to his native North Carolina and returned to the south. He was placed in charge of the Gunpowder and Niter Bureau by Jefferson Davis the president of the Confederacy. Construction began in September 1861, a 130 hp steam en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Haralson
Jonathan Haralson (October 18, 1830 – July 11, 1912) was an Associate Justice on the Supreme Court of Alabama and president of the Southern Baptist Convention.judicial.alabama.gov/library/bios/JonathanHaralson.pdf and obituary for the ''Selma Journal'', Thursday, July 11, 1912 Biography Haralson received A.B. and A.M. degrees from the University of Alabama in 1851 and 1854. He received an LL.B. from the University of Louisiana in 1853. Haralson married Mattie Ellen Thompson in 1859, and in 1869, he married Lida J. McFaden. He had three children. During the American Civil War he was an agent of the Nitre and Mining Bureau of the Confederate States. One of his slaves, Jeremiah Haralson, later became a member of the U.S. House of Representatives. He worked as a lawyer in Selma, Alabama. Alabama Governor George Smith Houston appointed him Judge of the City Court of Selma in 1876. He was elected Associate Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court in 1892 and was re-elected to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organ Cave
Organ Cave is a large and historic cave in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, USA. The surrounding community takes its name from the cave. In 1973, the Organ Cave System—also known as the Organ–Hedricks Cave System—was registered as a National Natural Landmark for being "the largest cave system in the State, containing many caves, one of which is Organ Cave. Noted also for its saltpeter troughs and vats." (It is now the third-longest known cave in the state, after the Friars Hole Cave System in the same county and the Hellhole System in Pendleton County.) Organ Cave has also been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2005. History Significant fossil discoveries bear witness to the early natural history of Organ Cave: giant ground sloth, grizzly bear, nine-banded armadillo, sabre-tooth cat, reindeer and an Ice Age porcupine. Organ Cave's human history is attested by flint arrowheads used by early Native Americans. Evidence of early white settlers in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
