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Ningxia Campaign (1949)
The Ningxia Campaign was a series of battles fought between the Nationalists and the Communists during the final months of the Chinese Civil War. It resulted in a Communist victory. Order of battle Nationalist order of battle: *Ningxia Corps was commanded personally by Ma Dunjing (马敦静) **11th Army was commanded by Ma Guangzong (马光宗) **128th Army was commanded by Lu Zhongliang (卢忠良) **Helan Army was commanded by Ma Quanliang (马全良) *81st Army was commanded by Ma Dunjing (马惇靖) The following units were deployed in the beginning, but later on, did not participate in the fighting: *10th Cavalry Army was commanded by Ma Dunhou (马敦厚) *5th Cavalry Army was commanded by Ma Chengxiang (马呈祥) *100th Division was commanded by Tan Chenxiang (谭成祥) *190th Division was commanded by Ma Zhenwu (马振武) *248th Division was commanded by Han Youlu (韩有禄) *129th Army was commanded by Ma Buluan (马步銮) **287th Division was commanded by Ma Zhang ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ningxia
Ningxia (,; , ; alternately romanized as Ninghsia), officially the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR), is an autonomous region in the northwest of the People's Republic of China. Formerly a province, Ningxia was incorporated into Gansu in 1954 but was later separated from Gansu in 1958 and reconstituted as an autonomous region for the Hui people, one of the 56 officially recognised nationalities of China. Twenty percent of China's Hui population lives in Ningxia. Ningxia is bounded by Shaanxi to the east, Gansu to the south and west and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the north and has an area of around . This sparsely settled, mostly desert region lies partially on the Loess Plateau and in the vast plain of the Yellow River and features the Great Wall of China along its northeastern boundary. Over about 2000 years an extensive system of canals (The total length about 1397 kilometers) has been built from Qin dynasty. Extensive land reclamation and irrigation projec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lanzhou Campaign
Lanzhou Campaign was a series battle fought between the nationalists and the communists for the control of the largest city in northwestern China during the Chinese Civil War in the post World War II era, and resulted in the communist victory. Prelude After the defeat of Fufeng-Meixian Campaign () in July, 1949, the nationalists under the command of Hu Zongnan were forced to withdraw to the south of Qinling. As Hu Zongnan's force withdrew to western China, the Ma clique's force became the major nationalist force responsible for the defense of the northwestern China. Lanzhou, the largest city in northwestern China was critical to the security of the entire northwestern China and on the northwestern China joint defense conference held in Guangzhou, the nationalist defenders planned to defeat the enemy at the gate of the city of Lanzhou with the help from their comrades-in-arms from southern Shaanxi, southern Gansu and Ningxia. Order of battle Defenders: nationalist order of batt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northwestern China
Northwest China () is a statistical region of China which includes the autonomous regions of Xinjiang and Ningxia and the provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu and Qinghai. It has an area of 3,107,900 km2. The region is characterized by a (semi-)arid continental climate. It has a diverse population including significant minorities such as Hui, Uyghurs and Tibetans. Culturally, the region has historically been influenced by the Silk Road. Administrative divisions Cities with urban area over one million in population Outer Northwest China Outer Northwest China () refers to the portions of territories of the Qing dynasty that were later annexed by the Russian Empire through the Convention of Peking, Treaty of Tarbagatai, Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881) and other unequal treaties referred by Chinese interpretation. During Qing rule, the territories formed parts of far-western Xinjiang and far-northwestern Outer Mongolia. Tuva, at the time a part of the larger Tannu Uriankhai region i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ma Hongbin
Ma Hongbin ( zh, 马鸿宾, Xiao'erjing: , September 14, 1884 – October 21, 1960), was a prominent Chinese Muslim warlord active mainly during the Republican era, and was part of the Ma clique. He was the acting Chairman of Gansu and Ningxia Provinces for a short period. Life Ma was born in the village of Hanchiachi, in Linxia County, Gansu. He was the son of Ma Fulu who died in 1900 when fighting against the foreigners in the Battle of Peking (1900) in the Boxer Rebellion. As a nephew of Ma Fuxiang, he followed him and later Feng Yuxiang into the army. He and Ma Fuxiang protected a Catholic mission in Sandaohe from attacks by the Gelaohui, and he received the Order of Leopold (Belgium) ("King Leopold decoration") During an uprising in Gansu in the Central Plains War, the Muslim General Ma Tingxiang was attacked by Ma Hongbin who was serving in Feng's administration in Ningxia.刘国铭主编，中国国民党九千将领，北京：中华工商联合出版社, 1993年 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tengger Desert
The Tengger Desert or Tengri Desert ( mn, Тэнгэр цөл, ) is an arid natural region that covers about 36,700 km2 and is mostly in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China. The desert is expanding in size.Haner, Josh, et al. (24 October 2016)Living in China's Expanding Deserts ''The New York Times'' Environmental issues The expansion of the Tengger and its neighbour, the Badain Jaran Desert, has been apparent since the 1950s, when large volumes of water were diverted from rivers to feed agricultural expansion and huge tracts of forest were removed. Since 1958, local governments have mobilised residents for afforestation campaigns to prevent the desert's spread. By 2004, the desert's expansion was estimated as 10 metres per year in some areas. In 2007, a non-profit organisation founded by residents of Minqin County created square ditches lined with hay and grass that they later planted with saxaul to stabilise the sand dunes. In 2010, the central and regional govern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhongwei
Zhongwei (, Xiao'erjing: جْووِ شِ) is a prefecture-level city of Ningxia, People's Republic of China. It has an area of and a population of 1,174,600 in 2019. The city is known for its wolfberry and Gobi watermelon cultivation. One of the world's largest photovoltaic power station, Tengger Desert Solar Park, is located in Zhongwei. History Under general Meng Tian, the Qin captured the area of Zhongwei and established the Beidi Commandery. In 205 BC a city was built at the current location of Zhongwei urban area, which would grow as irrigation systems were built to allow farming. In 1226 Genghis Khan captured Zhongwei. In 1403 the city was named Zhongwei, part of Shaanxi. In 1920 Zhongwei was struck by the Haiyuan earthquake. In 1926 the highway from Lanzhou to Zhongwei opened. Tourism Zhongwei's main attraction is Gao Miao, a temple that has hosted Confucian, Buddhist, and Taoist ceremonies. A bomb shelter was also built beneath the temple during the Cultural Revolut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhongning County
Zhongning County is a county under the administration of Zhongwei city in west-central Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the northwest. It is the point at which the northern twist of the Yellow River begins, creating the Ordos Loop. It has a total area of , and a population of approximately 410,000 people. Zhongning County is an agricultural county. In addition to traditional agricultural products, Wolfberries have begun to be cultivated in recent years. However, due to a drought, the growing range for the berries has not significantly increased. The county government is located in the town of Ningan and the county's postal code is 755100. Administrative divisions Zhongning County has 6 towns and 6 townships. ;6 towns * Ning′an (, ) * Enhe Enhe Russian Ethnic Township () is an ethnic township in Northeast Inner Mongolia under the administration of Ergun City. The township along the banks of the Argun River. Enhe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tongxin County
Tongxin County (, Xiao'erjing: طْوثٍ ثِيًا) is a county under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Wuzhong in the central part of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China, bordering Gansu province to the east. It has a total area of 7,021 square kilometers with a population of approximately 360,000 people. Characteristics Due to its topography, Tongxin County's economic conditions and foundation are extremely poor, and the county is often stricken by drought. However, farmers still make up two-thirds of the county's population. The county government has sought to use high technological methods to improve the standard of living in the region. The county government is located in the town of Tongxin. History In his ''Red Star Over China'', Edgar Snow mentions visiting the small towns of Yuwang Bao and Yuwang (, ) located in today's Tongxin County. At the moment (summer/fall 1936), Yuwang Bao was the location of the headquarters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jingyuan County, Ningxia
Jingyuan County (, Xiao'erjing: ڭٍْيُوًا ثِيًا) is a county under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Guyuan in the south of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China, bordering Gansu province to the east, south, and southwest. The southernmost county-level division of Ningxia, it has a total area of , and a population of approximately 120,000 people. Characteristics Jingyuan County, located at the southern tip of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, is the source of the Jing River. It is an agricultural region, with wheat being the primary crop. In recent years, the county has also begun to produce vegetables. The county government is located in the town of Xiangshui, and the county's postal code is 756400. History and Demographics According to the 1983 data, 96.8% of Jingyuan County's population (79,823 persons out of the then total population of 82,464) were Hui (Chinese Muslims) - the highest by far percentage of the Hui in a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ma Dunjing (1910–2003)
__NOTOC__ Ma Dunjing (Xiao'erjing: , ; 2 January 1910 – 3 September 2003) was a prominent Chinese general of the Republic of China era and the son of General Ma Hongkui, who ruled the northwestern province of Ningxia. Born to a Hui family in 1910 in Gansu, he served as an official in his father's Ningxia government. During World War II, he was a General in the National Revolutionary Army. He was a member of the Kuomintang, and fought against the Chinese communist party during the Ningxia Campaign. He fled to Taiwan in 1949, then to Los Angeles in the U.S. with his father in 1950. He was appointed to the Recovery of the Mainland Research Commission in 1954 and he died in the U.S. in 2003. His older brother was Ma Dunhou (Ma Tun-hou, misspelled as Ma Tung-hou) 馬敦厚 and his younger brother was Ma Dunren (Ma Tun-jen) 馬敦仁. See also * Ma clique The Ma clique or Ma family warlords is a collective name for a group of Hui (Muslim Chinese) warlords in Northwestern Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delta in South China. With 7.5 million residents of various nationalities in a territory, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places in the world. Hong Kong is also a major global financial centre and one of the most developed cities in the world. Hong Kong was established as a colony of the British Empire after the Qing Empire ceded Hong Kong Island from Xin'an County at the end of the First Opium War in 1841 then again in 1842.. The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War and was further extended when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898... British Hong Kong was occupied by Imperial Japan from 1941 to 1945 during World War II; British administration resume ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ma Hongkui
Ma Hongkui (, Xiao'erjing: ; March 14, 1892 – January 14, 1970) was a prominent warlord in China during the Republic of China era, ruling the province of Ningxia. His rank was lieutenant general. His courtesy name was Shao-yun (少雲). In 1950, Hongkui migrated to the United States, where he lived until he died in 1970. He was considered by some sources to be among China's best generals. Life Born March 14, 1892, in the village of Hanchiachi, in Linxia County (known as Hezhou), Gansu. The "Who's Who in China" series of books says "Taoho Hsien" (Daohe Xian) is where he was born. His father was Gen. Ma Fuxiang. A Hui, Ma Hongkui graduated from Lanzhou Military Academy (aka Gansu Military Academy) in 1909, and became commander of the Ningxia Modern Army and commander of the 7th Division after the founding of the republic. He was in Beijing until Cao Kun's presidency (1923–24), even though he was the commander of the Ningxia Army. He was at one point the Ningxia, Shaa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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