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Nikolay Bestuzhev
Nikolay Alexandrovich Bestuzhev (Russian: Николай Александрович Бестужев; 13 April 1791, Saint Petersburg – 27 May 1855, Novoselenginsk) was a Russian Navy officer, writer, inventor and portrait artist; associated with the Decembrist revolt. Biography He was born to a noble family. His father, , was a writer and government councilor. His brothers, Alexander, , , and were also writers, military officers and Decembrists. He entered the Sea Cadet Corps school in 1802 and graduated in 1809. While there, he audited classes taught by Andrey Voronikhin at the Imperial Academy of Arts. In 1810, he became a Lieutenant in the Corps. In 1815, he participated in naval actions in the Netherlands. He was appointed an Assistant Superintendent for the Baltic lighthouse in Kronstadt in 1820. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Society For The Encouragement Of The Arts
The Imperial Society for the Encouragement of the Arts (Russian: Императорское общество поощрения художеств (ОПХ)) was an organization devoted to promoting the arts that existed in Saint Petersburg from 1820 to 1929. It was the oldest society of its kind in Russia. Until 1882 it was called the "Society for the Encouragement of Artists". After 1917, it became the "All-Russian Society for the Encouragement of the Arts". History The Society was founded by a group of influential patrons (including Ivan Alexeyevich Gagarin, Pyotr Andreyevich Kikin and Alexander Dmitriev-Mamonov) with the aim of assisting development in the fine arts, the diffusion of knowledge related to the arts, and the education of painters and sculptors.History of the Society @ the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crimean War
The Crimean War, , was fought from October 1853 to February 1856 between Russia and an ultimately victorious alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom and Piedmont-Sardinia. Geopolitical causes of the war included the decline of the Ottoman Empire, the expansion of the Russian Empire in the preceding Russo-Turkish Wars, and the British and French preference to preserve the Ottoman Empire to maintain the balance of power in the Concert of Europe. The flashpoint was a disagreement over the rights of Christian minorities in Palestine, then part of the Ottoman Empire, with the French promoting the rights of Roman Catholics, and Russia promoting those of the Eastern Orthodox Church. The churches worked out their differences with the Ottomans and came to an agreement, but both the French Emperor Napoleon III and the Russian Tsar Nicholas I refused to back down. Nicholas issued an ultimatum that demanded the Orthodox subjects of the Ottoman Empire be placed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chronometer Watch
A chronometer (; Literally, a measurer of time) is an extraordinarily accurate timepiece, with an original focus on the needs of maritime navigation. In Switzerland, timepieces certified by the Contrôle Officiel Suisse des Chronomètres ( COSC) may be marked as ''Certified Chronometer'' or ''Officially Certified Chronometer''. Outside Switzerland, equivalent bodies, such as the Japan Chronometer Inspection Institute, have in the past certified timepieces to similar standards, although use of the term has not always been strictly controlled. History The term ''chronometer'' was coined by Jeremy Thacker of Beverley, England in 1714, referring to his invention of a clock ensconced in a vacuum chamber. The term ''chronometer'' is also used to describe a marine chronometer used for celestial navigation and determination of longitude. The marine chronometer was invented by John Harrison in 1730. This was the first of a series of chronometers that enabled accurate marine navigation. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lathe
A lathe () is a machine tool that rotates a workpiece about an axis of rotation to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, deformation, facing, and turning, with tools that are applied to the workpiece to create an object with symmetry about that axis. Lathes are used in woodturning, metalworking, metal spinning, thermal spraying, parts reclamation, and glass-working. Lathes can be used to shape pottery, the best-known design being the Potter's wheel. Most suitably equipped metalworking lathes can also be used to produce most solids of revolution, plane surfaces and screw threads or helices. Ornamental lathes can produce three-dimensional solids of incredible complexity. The workpiece is usually held in place by either one or two ''centers'', at least one of which can typically be moved horizontally to accommodate varying workpiece lengths. Other work-holding methods include clamping the work about the axis of rotation using a chuck or col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexey Startsev
Alexey Dmitriyevich Startsev (Russian: Алексей Дмитриевич Старцев; (1838, Novoselenginsk - 30 June 1900, Putyatin Island) was a Russian merchant and industrialist. Biography He was a common-law child of the painter, Nikolay Bestuzhev, and a Buryat woman from Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky. After his father's death in 1855, he went to live with his godfather, Dmitry Dmitriyevich Startsev, a local merchant. At first, he worked as a clerk for Startsev, then for , a guild merchant in Kyakhta. In 1861, he joined a trade caravan to China. There, he became involved in the tea trade, which made him wealthy. By the time of his death, he was a millionaire. He built forty stone houses and a printing plant in Tianjin, as well as a two-mile long demonstration railway and telegraph lines. He also helped establish the Russo-Chinese Bank, and served as one of its board members. In addition. he spoke Buryat, Mongolian, Chinese, and several European languages, often serving ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky (town)
Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky ( rus, Петровск-Забайкальский, p=pʲɪˈtrofsk zəbɐjˈkalʲskʲɪj) is a town and the administrative center of Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky District of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, located along the Balyaga River in the valley between Zagan-Daban and Zagorinsky mountain ranges, southwest of Chita. Population: History Before the exploration expeditions of the Russian Cossacks in the 17th century, the future Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky's location was a route junction of nomadic Buryat tribes. Peter the Great granted the heads of the tribes with principality. The settlement, founded in 1789 and known then as Petrovsky Zavod (), grew and developed around its iron refinery. From 1830 to 1839, it was a detention place for seventy-one Decembrists and ten of their wives, who were sent here from Chita. There is a commemorating mark on the railway station. In a restored house of the princess Ekaterina Troubetskaya, wife of Sergey Trubetskoy, was organized a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ingoda River
The Ingoda (; mn, Ингэдэй, ''Ingedei''; bua, Ангида, ''Angida'') is a river in Zabaykalsky Krai of Russia. The river is long and the area of its basin is . Geography In its upper course it flows at the feet of the Khentei Range. Together with the Onon, it forms the Shilka. The Ingoda freezes in early November and stays frozen until late April. The city of Chita lies at the confluence of the Ingoda and the Chitinka. A major portion of the Trans-Siberian Railway lies along the Ingoda valley. The name derives from the Evenki word ''ingakta'' which means "river with pebbly and sandy banks".E.M. Pospelov, ''Geograficheskie nazvaniya mira'' (Moscow: Russkie slovari, 1998), p. 169. Lake Kenon, located in the western outskirts of Chita, is part of the Ingoda river basin. See also * Chersky Range (Transbaikalia) The Chersky Range ( rus, Хребет Черского) is a mountain range in the Transbaikal Region (Zabaykalsky Krai) of Siberia, Russia. The range rises ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chita River
The Chitinka (russian: Читинка, also Чита ''Chita'') is a river in Zabaykalsky Krai in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Ingoda (in Amur's drainage basin). It is long, and has a drainage basin of . The river has its sources in the Yablonovy Mountains, and then flows in a south-southwesterly direction, until it joins the Ingoda in the city of Chita. The river is heavily polluted, particularly from runoff from the city of Chita. In the years following the breakup of the Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ... there were also built a large number of holiday houses ( dachas) along the river. This, combined with infills and straightening of river bends and other developments in the river bed, has made the river narrower and caused the water leve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shlisselburg Fortress
The fortress at Shlisselburg is one of a series of fortifications built in Shlisselburg on Orekhovy Island in Lake Ladoga, near the present-day city of Saint Petersburg, Russia. The first fortress was built in 1323. It was the scene of many conflicts between Russia and Sweden and changed hands between the two empires. During World War II, it was heavily damaged. Today it is part of the UNESCO World Heritage site Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments. Origins A wooden fortress named Oreshek () or Orekhov () was built by Grand Prince Yury of Moscow (in his capacity as Prince of Novgorod) on behalf of the Novgorod Republic in 1323. It guarded the northern approaches to Novgorod and access to the Baltic Sea. The fortress is situated on Orekhovets Island whose name refers to nuts in Swedish as well as in Finnish (''Pähkinäsaari'', "Nut Island") and Russian languages. After a series of conflicts, a peace treaty was signed at Oreshek on August ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katorga
Katorga ( rus, ка́торга, p=ˈkatərɡə; from medieval and modern Greek: ''katergon, κάτεργον'', "galley") was a system of penal labor in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union (see Katorga labor in the Soviet Union). Prisoners were sent to remote penal colonies in vast uninhabited areas of Siberia and Russian Far East where voluntary settlers and workers were never available in sufficient numbers. The prisoners had to perform forced labor under harsh conditions. History ''Katorga'', a category of punishment within the judicial system of the Russian Empire, had many of the features associated with labor-camp imprisonment: confinement, simplified facilities (as opposed to prisons), and forced labor, usually involving hard, unskilled or semi-skilled work. Katorga camps were established in the 17th century by Alexis of Russia in newly conquered, underpopulated areas of Siberia and the Russian Far East - regions that had few towns or food sources. Despite the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
