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Ngan
A ngan ( th, งาน, , ) is a unit of area, equal to 400 square metres (20 m × 20 m), used for measuring land or property area. Its current size is precisely derived from the metre, but is neither part of nor recognized by the modern metric system, the International System (SI). The ngan equals 1/4 rai or 100 tarang wa ( th, ตารางวา) ''aka'' square wa ( th, วา), very nearly 1/10 of an acre. ''Ngan'' also means ''work''. It is commonly used in Thailand and equals four are, another unit based on the metre and as commonly used in several countries recognized though not encouraged by the SI. As for many terms normally written in Thai alphabet, transliteration into English language caused a spelling variant, ''ngaan''. See also * Thai units of measurement Thailand adopted the metric system on 17 December 1923.
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Thai Units Of Measurement
Thailand adopted the metric system on 17 December 1923.Minutes of the 7th General Conference on Weights and Measures
1927, page 69
However, old Thai units are still in common use, especially for measurements of land. Before metrication, the traditional system of measurement used in Thailand employed anthropic units. Some of these units are still in use, albeit standardised to SI/metric measurements. When the Royal Thai Survey Department began cadastral survey in 1896, Director R. W. Giblin, F.R.G.S., noted, "It so happens that 40 metres or 4,000 centimetres are equal to one ''sen''," so all cadastral plans are plotted, drawn, and printed to a scale of 1:4,000. The square ''wa'', ''ngan'' and ''rai'' are still used in mea ...
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Area
Area is the quantity that expresses the extent of a region on the plane or on a curved surface. The area of a plane region or ''plane area'' refers to the area of a shape A shape or figure is a graphics, graphical representation of an object or its external boundary, outline, or external Surface (mathematics), surface, as opposed to other properties such as color, Surface texture, texture, or material type. A pl ... or planar lamina, while ''surface area'' refers to the area of an open surface or the boundary (mathematics), boundary of a solid geometry, three-dimensional object. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat. It is the two-dimensional analogue of the length of a plane curve, curve (a one-dimensional concept) or the volume of a solid (a three-dimensional concept). The area of a shape can be measured by com ...
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Square Metre
The square metre ( international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures) or square meter (American spelling) is the unit of area in the International System of Units (SI) with symbol m2. It is the area of a square with sides one metre in length. Adding and subtracting SI prefixes creates multiples and submultiples; however, as the unit is exponentiated, the quantities grow exponentially by the corresponding power of 10. For example, 1 kilometre is 103 (one thousand) times the length of 1 metre, but 1 square kilometre is (103)2 (106, one million) times the area of 1 square metre, and 1 cubic kilometre is (103)3 (109, one billion) cubic metres. SI prefixes applied The square metre may be used with all SI prefixes used with the metre. Unicode characters Unicode has several characters used to represent metric area units, but these are for compatibility with East Asian character encodings and are meant to be used in new documents. * * * * ...
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Metre
The metre (British spelling) or meter (American spelling; see spelling differences) (from the French unit , from the Greek noun , "measure"), symbol m, is the primary unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), though its prefixed forms are also used relatively frequently. The metre was originally defined in 1793 as one ten-millionth of the distance from the equator to the North Pole along a great circle, so the Earth's circumference is approximately  km. In 1799, the metre was redefined in terms of a prototype metre bar (the actual bar used was changed in 1889). In 1960, the metre was redefined in terms of a certain number of wavelengths of a certain emission line of krypton-86. The current definition was adopted in 1983 and modified slightly in 2002 to clarify that the metre is a measure of proper length. From 1983 until 2019, the metre was formally defined as the length of the path travelled by light in a vacuum in of a second. After the 2019 redefi ...
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Metric System
The metric system is a system of measurement that succeeded the Decimal, decimalised system based on the metre that had been introduced in French Revolution, France in the 1790s. The historical development of these systems culminated in the definition of the International System of Units (SI) in the mid-20th century, under the oversight of an international standards body. Adopting the metric system is known as ''metrication''. The historical evolution of metric systems has resulted in the recognition of several principles. Each of the fundamental dimensions of nature is expressed by a single base unit (measurement), base unit of measure. The definition of base units has increasingly been realisation (metrology), realised from natural principles, rather than by copies of physical artefacts. For quantities derived from the fundamental base units of the system, units SI derived unit, derived from the base units are used—e.g., the square metre is the derived unit for area, a qu ...
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Rai (area)
A ''rai'' ( th, ไร่, ) is a unit of area equal to 1,600 square metres (16 ares, 0.16 hectares, 0.3954 acres), and is used in measuring land area for a cadastre or cadastral map. Its current size is precisely derived from the metre, but is neither part of nor recognized by the modern metric system, the International System (SI). The rai is defined as 1 square ''sen'' or (40 m × 40 m). It can be divided in four ''ngaan'' or 400 square '' wa''. It is commonly used in Thailand. Although recognized by the SI, its use is not encouraged. The word ''rai'' also means plantation. See also * Thai units of measurement * Orders of magnitude (area) This page is a progressive and labelled list of the SI area orders of magnitude, with certain examples appended to some list objects. to square metres 10−8 to 10−1 square metres 100 to 107 square metres 108 to 1014 square metres 101 ... References External links Area metric conversion British and U.S., Japanese, Chines ...
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Tarang Wa
A tarang wa ( th, ตารางวา, , ) or square wa, sometimes transliterated as 'waa' or 'wah' is a unit of area used in Thailand for measuring land or property. It is defined as the area of a square whose sides measure exactly one wa (two metres), equivalent to four square metres. Although its current size is precisely derived from the metre, it is neither part of nor recognized by the modern metric system, the International System (SI). The square wa equals 1/100 ngaan or 1/400 rai, two units of area frequently used in Thailand. It also equals 1/25 are, another metre-derived unit of area not officially part of the SI. As with many terms normally written with the Thai alphabet, there are many variant transliterations into English, e.g. dta-raang waa and tarang wah. See also * Thai units of measurement * Orders of magnitude (area) This page is a progressive and labelled list of the SI area orders of magnitude, with certain examples appended to some list objects. t ...
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Wa (unit)
Wa ( th, วา , also ''waa'' or ''wah'', abbreviated ) is a unit of length, equal to two metres (2 m) or four sok (.) ''Wa'' as a verb means to outstretch (one's) arms to both sides, which relates to the fathom's distance between the fingertips of a man's outstretched arms. The 1833 Siamese-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce, reads, " heSiamese fathom...being computed to contain 78 English or American inches, corresponding to 96 Siamese inches." The length then would have been equivalent to a modern 1.981 metres. Since conversion to the metric system in 1923, the length as derived from the metre is precisely two metres, but the unit is neither part of nor recognized by the modern International metric system (SI). Wa also occurs as a colloquialism for "square wa" (tarang wa) a unit of area abbreviated or .) As with many terms normally written in the Thai alphabet, romanization of Thai causes spelling variants such as ''waa'' and ''wah''. See also *Thai units of measuremen ...
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Acre
The acre is a unit of land area used in the imperial Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor, or imperialism. Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to: Places United States * Imperial, California * Imperial, Missouri * Imperial, Nebraska * Imperial, Pennsylvania * Imperial, Texa ... and United States customary units#Units of area, US customary systems. It is traditionally defined as the area of one Chain (unit), chain by one furlong (66 by 660 feet), which is exactly equal to 10 square chains, of a square mile, 4,840 square yards, or 43,560 square feet, and approximately 4,047 m2, or about 40% of a hectare. Based upon the International yard and pound, international yard and pound agreement of 1959, an acre may be declared as exactly 4,046.8564224 square metres. The acre is sometimes abbreviated ac but is usually spelled out as the word "acre".National Institute of Standards and Technolog(n.d.) General Tables of Units of Measurement . Traditionally, i ...
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Thailand
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the extremity of Myanmar. Thailand also shares maritime borders with Vietnam to the southeast, and Indonesia and India to the southwest. Bangkok is the nation's capital and largest city. Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century. Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon, Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region, competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang, Sukhothai, Lan Na and Ayutthaya, which also rivalled each other. European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya, w ...
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Hectare
The hectare (; SI symbol: ha) is a non-SI metric unit of area equal to a square with 100-metre sides (1 hm2), or 10,000 m2, and is primarily used in the measurement of land. There are 100 hectares in one square kilometre. An acre is about and one hectare contains about . In 1795, when the metric system was introduced, the ''are'' was defined as 100 square metres, or one square decametre, and the hectare ("hecto-" + "are") was thus 100 ''ares'' or  km2 (10,000 square metres). When the metric system was further rationalised in 1960, resulting in the International System of Units (), the ''are'' was not included as a recognised unit. The hectare, however, remains as a non-SI unit accepted for use with the SI and whose use is "expected to continue indefinitely". Though the dekare/decare daa (1,000 m2) and are (100 m2) are not officially "accepted for use", they are still used in some contexts. Description The hectare (), although not a unit of SI, i ...
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Thai Alphabet
The Thai script ( th, อักษรไทย, ) is the abugida used to write Thai, Southern Thai and many other languages spoken in Thailand. The Thai alphabet itself (as used to write Thai) has 44 consonant symbols ( th, พยัญชนะ, ''phayanchana''), 16 vowel symbols ( th, สระ, ''sara'') that combine into at least 32 vowel forms and four tone diacritics ( th, วรรณยุกต์ or วรรณยุต, or ) to create characters mostly representing syllables. Although commonly referred to as the "Thai alphabet", the script is in fact not a true alphabet but an abugida, a writing system in which the full characters represent consonants with diacritical marks for vowels; the absence of a vowel diacritic gives an implied 'a' or 'o'. Consonants are written horizontally from left to right, and vowels following a consonant in speech are written above, below, to the left or to the right of it, or a combination of those. History The Thai alphabet is der ...
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