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Newag Griffin
Newag Griffin is a series of Polish four-axle electric and diesel locomotives for working passenger and goods trains, produced by Newag in Nowy Sącz from 2012. The first version, the E4MSU is a mixed-traffic multi-system electric locomotive. History Origin In September 2010, the Newag Gliwice company in Poland began works on the universal electric locomotive platform ''Elephant''. The series originally was planned to consist of two versions: *E4ACU a mixed-traffic locomotive with a maximum speed of 140 km/h for regional passenger transportation and cargo. *E4ACP a passenger locomotive with a maximum speed of 200 km/h. The four-axle locomotives were to supplement the company's offer, and their multi-system capability would allow them to work international traffic and traffic in other European countries. In January 2011, the project works by the company EC Engineering aimed to produce four versions of the locomotive: *E4DCU – a mixed-traffic 3 kV DC locomotive wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Newag
Newag S.A. ronounced: nevagis a Polish company, based in Nowy Sącz, specialising in the production, maintenance, and modernisation of railway rolling stock. The company's products include the 14WE, 19WE, 35WE types electric multiple units; it has also developed the Nevelo tram. History In 1876 the Royal Railway Workshop opened, serving a newly built Austrian railway line. After the First World War the establishment, renamed "1st Class Main Workshop" served Polish State Railways, employing some 1800 workers in 1922. In post-World War II communist Poland the workshop was nationalised and later became a separate, though still state-owned, enterprise officially called "Nowy Sacz Railway Rolling Stock Repairs Depot in Nowy Sacz, State Independent Enterprise" ( pl, Zakłady Naprawcze Taboru Kolejowego "Nowy Sącz" w Nowym Sączu, Przedsiębiorstwo Państwowe Wyodrębnione ), with a workforce of about 3,500 in 1952. The last steam locomotive was serviced in 1972. After the fall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Żmigród
Żmigród (german: Trachenberg) is a town in Trzebnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Żmigród. Geography The town lies in the historic Lower Silesia region on the Barycz River, approximately north-west of Trzebnica, and north of the regional capital Wrocław. Its name is derived from Old Polish ''Żmij'', "dragon" (german: Drachen) and ''gród'', "castle" (german: Burg), displayed in the town's coat of arms. As of 2019, the town had a population of 6,435. It is part of the larger Wrocław metropolitan area. History The oldest sources say the settlement existed in the third period of the Bronze Age. The first records of a former Slavic settlement named ''Zunigrod'' (present-day Żmigródek) on the north bank of the Barycz River, then held by the Bishop of Wrocław, appear in the library of Pope Adrian IV in 1155. The current city on the other side of the river was invested ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electric Locomotives Of Poland
Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations. Various common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others. The presence of an electric charge, which can be either positive or negative, produces an electric field. The movement of electric charges is an electric current and produces a magnetic field. When a charge is placed in a location with a non-zero electric field, a force will act on it. The magnitude of this force is given by Coulomb's law. If the charge moves, the electric field would be doing work on the electric charge. Thus we can speak of electric potential at a certain point in space, which is equal to the work done by an external agent in carrying a unit of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard Gauge Locomotives Of Poland
Standard may refer to: Symbols * Colours, standards and guidons, kinds of military signs * Standard (emblem), a type of a large symbol or emblem used for identification Norms, conventions or requirements * Standard (metrology), an object that bears a defined relationship to a unit of measure used for calibration of measuring devices * Standard (timber unit), an obsolete measure of timber used in trade * Breed standard (also called bench standard), in animal fancy and animal husbandry * BioCompute Standard, a standard for next generation sequencing * ''De facto'' standard, product or system with market dominance * Gold standard, a monetary system based on gold; also used metaphorically for the best of several options, against which the others are measured * Internet Standard, a specification ratified as an open standard by the Internet Engineering Task Force * Learning standards, standards applied to education content * Standard displacement, a naval term describing the weig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
25 KV AC Railway Electrification
Railway electrification systems using alternating current (AC) at are used worldwide, especially for high-speed rail. It is usually supplied at the standard utility frequency (typically 50 or 60Hz), which simplifies traction substations. The development of 25kV AC electrification is closely connected with that of successfully using utility frequency. This electrification is ideal for railways that cover long distances or carry heavy traffic. After some experimentation before World War II in Hungary and in the Black Forest in Germany, it came into widespread use in the 1950s. One of the reasons why it was not introduced earlier was the lack of suitable small and lightweight control and rectification equipment before the development of solid-state rectifiers and related technology. Another reason was the increased clearance distances required where it ran under bridges and in tunnels, which would have required major civil engineering in order to provide the increased clearance t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
15 KV AC Railway Electrification
Railway electrification systems using at are used on transport railways in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, and Norway. The high voltage enables high power transmission with the lower frequency reducing the losses of the traction motors that were available at the beginning of the 20th century. Railway electrification in late 20th century tends to use AC systems which has become the preferred standard for new railway electrifications but extensions of the existing networks are not completely unlikely. In particular, the Gotthard Base Tunnel (opened on 1 June 2016) still uses 15 kV, 16.7 Hz electrification. Due to high conversion costs, it is unlikely that existing systems will be converted to despite the fact that this would reduce the weight of the on-board step-down transformers to one third that of the present devices. History The first electrified railways used series-wound DC motors, first at 600 V and then 1,500 V. Areas with 3 kV ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Direct Current
Direct current (DC) is one-directional flow of electric charge. An electrochemical cell is a prime example of DC power. Direct current may flow through a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through semiconductors, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron or ion beams. The electric current flows in a constant direction, distinguishing it from alternating current (AC). A term formerly used for this type of current was galvanic current. The abbreviations ''AC'' and ''DC'' are often used to mean simply ''alternating'' and ''direct'', as when they modify ''current'' or ''voltage''. Direct current may be converted from an alternating current supply by use of a rectifier, which contains electronic elements (usually) or electromechanical elements (historically) that allow current to flow only in one direction. Direct current may be converted into alternating current via an inverter. Direct current has many uses, from the charging of batteries to large power sup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rail Transport In Poland
The Polish railways network consists of around of track as of 2019, of which is electrified. National electrification system is 3 kV DC. Poland is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC), its UIC Country Code is 51. Rail services are operated by a range of public and private rail operators. The nationally owned PKP Group operates the majority of rail services. In addition to PKP owned companies, there are a number of private cargo operators, as well as a number of independent passenger operators, owned predominantly by Voivodeship provincial governments. Overview The vast majority of the network was built before World War II by various railway companies, including by the German Deutsche Reichsbahn and by the Russian Imperial State Railways, and a minor component was built from 1946 onwards by the Communist authorities of the Polish People's Republic. During the invasion of Poland at the beginning of World War II the Polish railway network was crippled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Đuro Đaković (company)
Đuro Đaković Grupa d.d. is a Croatian metal mechanical engineering group based in Slavonski Brod, Croatia. The company is named after Đuro Đaković, a prominent Yugoslav communist of the Interwar period. The company's origins date to the establishment of a metal engineering factory in Brod in 1921, it expanded throughout the 20th century, becoming a major regional enterprise of its type, active in rail vehicle manufacture including locomotives, industrial boilers, power plant construction, and large scale metal structures including bridges. In the 1990s the company was privatised and a number of businesses became separate entities - the remainder were grouped under the 'Đuro Đaković Holding d.d.' group. History Background In 1921 the company ''Prva jugoslavenska tvornica vagona strojeva i mostova dd Brod na Savi'' (First Yugoslavian wagon, machinery and bridge factory company, Brod on the Sava) was established, with 125000 shares of 400 crowns. The factory buildings w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PKP Cargo
PKP Cargo () is a logistics operator and a part of the PKP Group in Poland. It is the largest railway freight carrier in Poland and second largest in the European Union. PKP Cargo is listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The company's largest shareholder is PKP S.A. with a 33,01% share. History In 2000, PKP Cargo was spun off from Polish State Railways, Polskie Koleje Państwowe, the Polish state railways. Since 1 October 2001, PKP Cargo has been a member of PKP S.A. Group. In 2009, the company was awarded the Safety Certificate – Part A, which confirmed the approval of its safety management system in the European Union, and in 2010, it obtained the Safety Certificate – Part B. Field structure in Poland Since June 2014, PKP Cargo has been operating through seven divisions: * Northern Division (Zakład Północny) – based in Gdynia * Southern Division (Zakład Południowy) – based in Katowice * Eastern Division (Zakład Wschodni) – based in Lublin * Central Division (Z ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Test Track Centre Near Żmigród
Test Track Centre near Żmigród is located in Węglewo in south-western Poland, some 3 km (2 mi) from Żmigród and some 50 km (30 mi) from Wrocław, near the Wrocław–Poznań railway line, with which it is connected by a spur. When opened in 1996, it was the only such facility in Poland. It is owned by the Railway Institute. The standard gauge loop is long with a maximum allowed speed of on straight sections. The facility is used to test rolling stock, overhead lines and electrification systems, and railway tracks. Original project provided for the building of the second oval, some long, with a maximum allowed speed of on straight sections and over points (: switches), but it has been shelved. There are plans to add 1.5 kV DC and 15 and 25 kV AC overhead supply systems, and GSM-R and ETCS The European Train Control System (ETCS) is the signalling and control component of the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS). It is a replacement for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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