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New Japanese Literature Association
The , was a professional association for Japanese writers, poets, and literary critics that existed from 1945 to 2005. For many years, the association was under the influence of the Japan Communist Party, before breaking away in the 1960s. In the early postwar era, it counted large numbers of the most prominent Japanese writers and critics as members. Formation The New Japanese Literature Association was established in December 1945 by a group of Japanese writers and critics who hoped to revive the prewar "Proletarian literature" movement after years of state suppression during World War II. Led by the prominent proletarian writers Korehito Kurahara, Yuriko Miyamoto, and Shigeharu Nakano, the new association's 173 founding members also included Ujaku Akita, Kan Eguchi, Seikichi Fujimori, Tsurujirō Kubokawa, Sunao Tokunaga, and Shigeji Tsuboi. Most of these charter members had been members in the prewar Japan Proletarian Writers Federation (''Nihon Puroretaria Sakka Dōmei'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nonprofit Organization
A nonprofit organization (NPO) or non-profit organisation, also known as a non-business entity, not-for-profit organization, or nonprofit institution, is a legal entity organized and operated for a collective, public or social benefit, in contrast with an entity that operates as a business aiming to generate a Profit (accounting), profit for its owners. A nonprofit is subject to the non-distribution constraint: any revenues that exceed expenses must be committed to the organization's purpose, not taken by private parties. An array of organizations are nonprofit, including some political organizations, schools, business associations, churches, social clubs, and consumer cooperatives. Nonprofit entities may seek approval from governments to be Tax exemption, tax-exempt, and some may also qualify to receive tax-deductible contributions, but an entity may incorporate as a nonprofit entity without securing tax-exempt status. Key aspects of nonprofits are accountability, trustworth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunao Tokunaga
Sunao Tokunaga (徳永 直; 1899–1958) was a Japanese proletarian writer. Biography Sunao Tokunaga was born on January 20, 1899, in Kumamoto Prefecture. He was one of first writers of the Japanese proletarian literature movement of the 1920s to come from a truly lower-class background. He dropped out of elementary school, and at the age of twelve became a printer's apprentice. In 1922, he began working for the Hakubunkan Press (博文館印刷所 ''Hakubunkan-insatsusho''), later renamed to the Kyōdō Press (共同印刷所 ''Kyōdō-insatsusho''). He took part in union activities while actively writing. The union restricted his literary activities and extracted a promise from him that he would not write any novels. In 1926, he joined some 3,000 Kyōdō employees in striking. After more than two months, the union was completely defeated, and 1,700 employees, including Tokunaga, were fired. This experience provided inspiration for his most important novel, ''Taiyō no nai Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Literary Societies
A literary society is a group of people interested in literature. In the modern sense, this refers to a society that wants to promote one genre of writing or a specific author. Modern literary societies typically promote research, publish newsletters, and hold meetings where findings can be presented and discussed. Some are more academic and scholarly, while others are more social groups of amateurs who appreciate a chance to discuss their favourite writer with other hobbyists. Historically, "literary society" has also referred to salons such as those of Madame de Stael, Madame Geoffrin and Madame de Tencin in Ancien Regime France. Another meaning was of college literary societies, student groups specific to the United States. The oldest formal societies for writing and promoting poetry are the chambers of rhetoric in the Low Countries, which date back to the Middle Ages. 19th century literary societies Modern examples of literary societies include: * In France, Parnassian p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1945 Establishments In Japan
1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: ** Germany begins Operation Bodenplatte, an attempt by the ''Luftwaffe'' to cripple Allied air forces in the Low Countries. ** Chenogne massacre: German prisoners are allegedly killed by American forces near the village of Chenogne, Belgium. * January 6 – WWII: A German offensive recaptures Esztergom, Hungary from the Russians. * January 12 – WWII: The Soviet Union begins the Vistula–Oder Offensive in Eastern Europe, against the German Army. * January 13 – WWII: The Soviet Union begins the East Prussian Offensive, to eliminate German forces in East Prussia. * January 16 – WWII: Adolf Hitler takes residence in the ''Führerbunker'' in Berlin. * January 17 ** WWII: The Soviet Union occupies Warsaw, Pola ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organizations Established In 1945
An organization or organisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is an entity—such as a company, an institution, or an association—comprising one or more people and having a particular purpose. The word is derived from the Greek word ''organon'', which means tool or instrument, musical instrument, and organ. Types There are a variety of legal types of organizations, including corporations, governments, non-governmental organizations, political organizations, international organizations, armed forces, charities, not-for-profit corporations, partnerships, cooperatives, and educational institutions, etc. A hybrid organization is a body that operates in both the public sector and the private sector simultaneously, fulfilling public duties and developing commercial market activities. A voluntary association is an organization consisting of volunteers. Such organizations may be able to operate without legal formalities, depending on jurisdiction, includin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Third Generation Of Postwar Writers
The Third Generation of Postwar Writers (第三の新人, daisan no shinjin) is a classification in Modern Japanese literature used to group writers who appeared on the postwar literary scene between 1953 and 1955. Shūsaku Endō, a member of the Third Generation once said, "In those days, although we had received the Akutagawa Prize one after another, hardly did anyone expect that we would become great writers. We were regarded as if we would soon be forgotten by the literary world. Precisely, almost all people did not start to know Akutagawa Prize until Ishihara Shintaro had won the prize and surfed away mass media and provoked public opinion into asunder, as the first manifesto from one of the Postwar Generation." However, despite this, this generation has made a major mark on Japanese literature. The works of Endō in particularly have been translated into many languages and are widely read in the United States, France, and Germany. At that same time, women writers such as A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Second Generation Of Postwar Writers
The is a classification in modern Japanese literature used for writers who appeared on the postwar literary scene between 1948 and 1949. Exceptional in this generation of postwar writers are Mishima Yukio and Abe Kōbō, both of whom have received acclaim in Japan and abroad. At times, their reputation abroad has surpassed that of their reputation in Japan. List of Second Generation writers * Mishima Yukio (三島由紀夫) * Abe Kōbō (安部公房) * Ōoka Shōhei (大岡昇平) * Shimao Toshio (島尾敏雄) * Hotta Yoshie (堀田善衛) * Inoue Mitsuharu (井上光晴) See also * Japanese literature Japanese literature throughout most of its history has been influenced by cultural contact with neighboring Asian literatures, most notably China and its literature. Early texts were often written in pure Classical Chinese or , a Chinese-Japanes ... * The First Generation of Postwar Writers * The Third Generation of Postwar Writers Second Generation of Postwar Writers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The First Generation Of Postwar Writers
The First Generation of Postwar Writers is a classification in Modern Japanese literature used to group writers who appeared on the postwar literary scene between 1946 and 1947. List of First Generation writers * Haniya Yutaka (埴谷雄高) * Nakamura Shin'ichirō (中村真一郎) * Noma Hiroshi (野間宏) * Shiina Rinzō (椎名麟三) * Takeda Taijun (武田泰淳) * Umezaki Haruo (梅崎春生) Background of the Post-War Literature in Japan During the beginning of the post-war period in Japan, the revolution of post-war literature in Japan became modern democratic a"Democracy", "Freedom", "class", and "individual" However, the influence of the emperor system made the revolution of post-war literature of Japan become contra-democratic. Therefore, the post-war literature in Japan had transferred to the management under the imperial institution of Japan. Characteristics and Significance of the Post-War Literature During the period post-war in Japan, trama was one of the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hiroshi Noma
was a Japanese poet, novelist and essayist. According to literary scholar Doug Slaymaker, Noma is widely credited with having discovered or invented the style of writing called by the term "postwar literature" (''sengo bungaku'') in Japan. Early life and wartime service Hiroshi Noma was born in Kōbe on February 23, 1915. His father worked as an electrician as well as a lay Buddhist priest. Among his early literary influences were the poet Takeuchi Katsutarō and French Symbolism. He entered Kyoto University in 1935, where he graduated in French literature in 1938. While attending university, he became active in Marxist student and labour movements, and later turned his attention also to the situation of the Burakumin. He was drafted into the Pacific War, stationed in the Philippines and northern China, and later spent time on charges of subversive thought in a military prison in Ōsaka. Literary career In the immediate postwar period, Noma became a member of the Japanese Commu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shūgo Honda
Shūgo, Shugo or Shuugo (written: , , or in katakana) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include: *, Japanese voice actor and singer *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese actor *, Japanese singer-songwriter *, Japanese footballer Shūgō or Shuugou (written: ) is a separate given name, though it may be romanized the same way. Notable people with the name include: *, Japanese footballer {{DEFAULTSORT:Shugo Japanese masculine given names Masculine given names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ichirō Hariu
, was a Japanese art critic and literary critic, remembered as one of the "Big Three" art critics of postwar Japan (alongside Yoshiaki Tōno and Yūsuke Nakahara). Early life and education Ichirō Hariu was born on December 1, 1925, in the city of Sendai in Miyagi Prefecture. Hariu graduated from Tohoku University with a degree in literature in 1948, before going on to attend graduate school at Tokyo University. While in graduate school, he participated in the Yoru no Kai ("Nighttime Society") literary society alongside Tarō Okamoto, Kiyoteru Hanada, Kōbō Abe, and others. In 1953, Hariu followed the majority of other writers and artists in Japan in joining the Japan Communist Party, as a way of expiating his shame for having supported wartime Japanese militarism. Career As an art critic, Hariu initially supported art that adhered the Communist party's policies of promoting socialist revolution. However, over time he became increasingly opposed to JCP policies and supporte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
