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Nesogale
''Nesogale'' is a genus of tenrecs, which are a family of afrotherian mammals endemic to Madagascar. On the basis of molecular data indicating its two species form a sister group to the rest of ''Microgale'' (21 extant species), they were transferred from ''Microgale'' to ''Nesogale'' in 2016, thus resurrecting a genus first erected by Oldfield Thomas in 1918. These genera, along with '' Oryzorictes'', form the tenrec subfamily Oryzorictinae. ''Nesogale'' contains the following species: * Dobson's shrew tenrec (''N. dobsoni'') - (Thomas, 1884) * Talazac's shrew tenrec (''N. talazaci'') - (Major, 1896) These species are distinguished from the other shrew tenrecs of ''Microgale'' by being more robust and larger, and by their lack of premolar diastemata. They are distributed over much of the eastern and northern areas of the island. ''Nesogale'' and ''Microgale'' are estimated to have split during the Early Miocene The Early Miocene (also known as Lower Miocene) is a sub-epoch of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Talazac's Shrew Tenrec
Talazac's shrew tenrec (''Nesogale talazaci'') is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist forests. On the basis of molecular data indicating that it and Dobson's shrew tenrec Dobson's shrew tenrec (''Nesogale dobsoni'') is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist forests, plantations, and heavily degraded former forest. On the bas ... form a sister group to the rest of '' Microgale'', these two species were transferred from ''Microgale'' to ''Nesogale'' in 2016. References Afrosoricida Mammals of Madagascar Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Mammals described in 1896 Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN {{afrosoricida-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nesogale Talazaci
Talazac's shrew tenrec (''Nesogale talazaci'') is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist forests. On the basis of molecular data indicating that it and Dobson's shrew tenrec form a sister group to the rest of ''Microgale ''Microgale'' is a genus of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. There are 21 living species on the island of Madagascar and one extinct species known from a fossil. Some species have been discovered in the last twenty years. On the basis of molecu ...'', these two species were transferred from ''Microgale'' to ''Nesogale'' in 2016. References Afrosoricida Mammals of Madagascar Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Mammals described in 1896 Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN {{afrosoricida-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nesogale Dobsoni
Dobson's shrew tenrec (''Nesogale dobsoni'') is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is endemic to Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa .... Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist forests, plantations, and heavily degraded former forest. On the basis of molecular data indicating that it and Talazac's shrew tenrec form a sister group to the rest of '' Microgale'', these two species were transferred from ''Microgale'' to ''Nesogale'' in 2016. References Afrosoricida Mammals of Madagascar Mammals described in 1884 Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN {{afrosoricida-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dobson's Shrew Tenrec
Dobson's shrew tenrec (''Nesogale dobsoni'') is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist forests, plantations, and heavily degraded former forest. On the basis of molecular data indicating that it and Talazac's shrew tenrec form a sister group to the rest of ''Microgale ''Microgale'' is a genus of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. There are 21 living species on the island of Madagascar and one extinct species known from a fossil. Some species have been discovered in the last twenty years. On the basis of molecu ...'', these two species were transferred from ''Microgale'' to ''Nesogale'' in 2016. References Afrosoricida Mammals of Madagascar Mammals described in 1884 Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN {{afrosoricida-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afrosoricida
The order Afrosoricida (a Latin-Greek compound name which means "looking like African shrews") contains the golden moles of Southern Africa, the otter shrews of equatorial Africa and the tenrecs of Madagascar. These three families of small mammals have traditionally been considered to be a part of the order Insectivora, and were later included in Lipotyphla after Insectivora was abandoned as a wastebasket taxon, before Lipotyphla was also found to be polyphyletic. Naming Some biologists use Tenrecomorpha as the name for the tenrec-golden mole clade, but Gary Bronner and Paulina Jenkins argue that Afrosoricida is more appropriate, despite their misgivings about the similarity between the name "Afrosoricida" and the unrelated shrew subgenus ''Afrosorex''. However, ''Afrosorex'' Hutterer, 1986 is a synonym of ''Crocidura'' Wagler, 1832, eliminating any confusion. Hedges discussed at length the problems with using Tenrecomorpha and other proposed names for this clade of mammals other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tenrec
A tenrec is any species of mammal within the afrotherian family Tenrecidae endemic to Madagascar. Tenrecs are wildly diverse; as a result of convergent evolution some resemble hedgehogs, shrews, opossums, rats, and mice. They occupy aquatic, arboreal, terrestrial and fossorial environments. Some of these species, including the greater hedgehog tenrec, can be found in the Madagascar dry deciduous forests. However, the speciation rate in this group has been higher in humid forests. All tenrecs are believed to descend from a common ancestor that lived 29–37 million years ( Ma) ago after rafting over from Africa. The split from their closest relatives, African otter shrews, is estimated to have occurred about 47–53 Ma ago. Etymology The word ''tenrec'' is borrowed, via French, from the Malagasy word (variant of ), which refers to the Tailless tenrec (''Tenrec ecaudatus''); the Malagasy word is related to . Evolution Tenrecs are believed to have evolved from a single speci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oryzorictinae
Oryzorictinae is a subfamily of tenrecs endemic to the island of Madagascar. It is the largest of three tenrec subfamilies. Oryzorictinae is thought to have split from the lineage of its closest relative, ''Geogale'', about 30 million years ( Ma) ago. The deepest phylogenetic split within the subfamily, that between '' Oryzorictes'' and a clade composed of ''Microgale'' plus ''Nesogale'' , is thought to have occurred about 28 Ma ago. In turn, ''Microgale'' and ''Nesogale'' are thought to have diverged about 19 Ma ago. Species Subfamily Oryzorictinae * Genus ''Microgale'' ** Short-tailed shrew tenrec (''M. brevicaudata'') **Cowan's shrew tenrec (''M. cowani'') **Drouhard's shrew tenrec (''M. drouhardi'') **Dryad shrew tenrec (''M. dryas'') ** Pale shrew tenrec (''M. fotsifotsy'') ** Gracile shrew tenrec (''M. gracilis'') ** Grandidier's shrew tenrec (''M. grandidieri'') ** Naked-nosed shrew tenrec (''M. gymnorhyncha'') ** Jenkins's shrew tenrec (''M. jenkinsae'') ** Northern shr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microgale
''Microgale'' is a genus of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. There are 21 living species on the island of Madagascar and one extinct species known from a fossil. Some species have been discovered in the last twenty years. On the basis of molecular data indicating that Talazac's shrew tenrec and Dobson's shrew tenrec form a sister group to the rest of ''Microgale'', these two species were transferred from ''Microgale'' to '' Nesogale'' in 2016. ''Nesogale'' and ''Microgale'' are estimated to have diverged about 19 million years ago, during the Early Miocene. The web-footed tenrec, ''M. mergulus'', the only semiaquatic member of the genus, was formerly placed in the monotypic genus ''Limnogale'', but was moved in 2016 on the basis of sequence data showing it to be deeply nested within ''Microgale''. ''Microgale'' contains the following extant species: * Short-tailed shrew tenrec (''M. brevicaudata'') – G. Grandidier, 1899 *Cowan's shrew tenrec (''M. cowani'') – Thomas, 1882 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Miocene
The Early Miocene (also known as Lower Miocene) is a sub-epoch of the Miocene Epoch made up of two stages: the Aquitanian and Burdigalian stages. The sub-epoch lasted from 23.03 ± 0.05 Ma to 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago). It was preceded by the Oligocene epoch. As the climate started to get cooler, the landscape started to change. New mammals evolved to replace the extinct animals of the Oligocene epoch. The first members of the hyena and weasel family started to evolve to replace the extinct ''Hyaenodon'', entelodonts and bear-dogs. The chalicotheres survived the Oligocene epoch. A new genus of entelodont called ''Daeodon'' evolved in order to adapt to the new habitats and hunt the new prey animals of the Early Miocene epoch; it quickly became the top predator of North America. But it became extinct due to competition from '' Amphicyon'', a newcomer from Eurasia. ''Amphicyon'' bested ''Daeodon'' because the bear-dog Amphicyonidae is an extinct family of terrestr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diastema
A diastema (plural diastemata, from Greek διάστημα, space) is a space or gap between two teeth. Many species of mammals have diastemata as a normal feature, most commonly between the incisors and molars. More colloquially, the condition may be referred to as gap teeth or tooth gap. In humans, the term is most commonly applied to an open space between the upper incisors (front teeth). It happens when there is an unequal relationship between the size of the teeth and the jaw. Diastemata are common for children and can exist in adult teeth as well. In humans Causes 1. Oversized Labial Frenulum: Diastema is sometimes caused or exacerbated by the action of a labial frenulum (the tissue connecting the lip to the gum), causing high mucosal attachment and less attached keratinized tissue. This is more prone to recession or by tongue thrusting, which can push the teeth apart. 2. Periodontal Disease: Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, can result in bone loss that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Premolar
The premolars, also called premolar teeth, or bicuspids, are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. In humans, there are two premolars per quadrant in the permanent set of teeth, making eight premolars total in the mouth. They have at least two cusps. Premolars can be considered transitional teeth during chewing, or mastication. They have properties of both the canines, that lie anterior and molars that lie posterior, and so food can be transferred from the canines to the premolars and finally to the molars for grinding, instead of directly from the canines to the molars. Human anatomy The premolars in humans are the maxillary first premolar, maxillary second premolar, mandibular first premolar, and the mandibular second premolar. Premolar teeth by definition are permanent teeth distal to the canines, preceded by deciduous molars. Morphology There is always one large buccal cusp, especially so in the mandibular first premolar. The lower second ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Immanuel Forsyth Major
Charles Immanuel Forsyth Major (15 August 1843, Glasgow – 25 March 1923, Munich) was a Scottish-born, Swiss physician, zoologist and vertebrate palaeontologist. Major was born in Glasgow and studied at Basel and Zurich Universities in Switzerland and later Göttingen in Germany. He graduated in medicine at Basel in 1868 and became a physician in Florence, Italy. Like many early naturalists he spent his free time studying fossil mammals. His first publication was on fossil primates in 1872. The Italian government supported him in 1877 and he collected fossils from Calabria, Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily. In 1886, he stopped practising as a physician and began to study fossils in the Greek Archipelago with his collections going to the College Galliard at Lausanne and to the British Museum (Natural History). In the British Museum collections he took a keen interest in material from Madagascar. He studied the lemur fauna, both extant and extinct, discovered the new family Megaladap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
